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Kinetic Control on the Depth Distribution of Superdeep Diamonds

dc.contributor.authorZhu, Feng
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jie
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Jiachao
dc.contributor.authorLai, Xiaojing
dc.contributor.authorChen, Bin
dc.contributor.authorMeng, Yue
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-02T18:10:38Z
dc.date.available2020-03-03T21:29:35Zen
dc.date.issued2019-02-28
dc.identifier.citationZhu, Feng; Li, Jie; Liu, Jiachao; Lai, Xiaojing; Chen, Bin; Meng, Yue (2019). "Kinetic Control on the Depth Distribution of Superdeep Diamonds." Geophysical Research Letters 46(4): 1984-1992.
dc.identifier.issn0094-8276
dc.identifier.issn1944-8007
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148362
dc.description.abstractSuperdeep diamonds contain unique information from the sublithospheric regions of Earth’s interior. Recent studies suggest that reaction between subducted carbonate and iron metal in the mantle plays an important role in the production of superdeep diamonds. It is unknown if this reaction is kinetically feasible in cold slabs subducted into the deep mantle. Here we present experimental data on real‐time tracking of the magnesite‐iron reaction at high pressures and high temperatures to demonstrate the production of diamond at the surface conditions of cold slabs in the transition zone and lower mantle. Our data reveal that the diamond production rate has a positive temperature dependence and a negative pressure dependence, and along a slab geotherm it decreases by a factor of three at pressures from 14.4 to 18.4 GPa. This rate reduction provides an explanation for the rarity of superdeep diamonds from the interior of the mantle transition zone.Plain Language SummarySuperdeep diamonds originate from great depths inside Earth, carrying samples from inaccessible mantle to the surface. The reaction between carbonate and iron may be an important mechanism to form diamond through interactions between subducting slabs and surrounding mantle. Interestingly, most superdeep diamonds formed in two narrow zones, at 250–450 and 600–800 km depths within the ~2,700‐km‐deep mantle. No satisfactory hypothesis explains these preferred depths of diamond formation. We measured the rate of a diamond forming reaction between magnesite and iron. Our data show that high temperature promotes the reaction, while high pressure does the opposite. Particularly, the reaction slows down drastically at about 475(±55) km depth, which may explain the rarity of diamond formation below 450 km depth. The only exception is the second zone at 600–800 km, where carbonate accumulates and warms up due to the stagnation of subducting slabs at the top of lower mantle, providing more reactants and higher temperature for diamond formation. Our study demonstrates that the depth distribution of superdeep diamonds may be controlled by reaction rates.Key PointsReal‐time tracking of diamond production from iron‐magnesite reaction at high pressures and high temperaturesThreefold reduction in the rate of iron‐magnesite reaction from 14.4 to 18.4 GPaDepth distribution of superdeep diamonds may be explained by reaction kinetics
dc.publisherThe Geochemical Society
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.othersuperdeep diamond
dc.subject.otherslab‐mantle interaction
dc.subject.otherredox reaction
dc.subject.otherreaction kinetics
dc.titleKinetic Control on the Depth Distribution of Superdeep Diamonds
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelGeological Sciences
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScience
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148362/1/grl58460_am.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148362/2/grl58460.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1029/2018GL080740
dc.identifier.sourceGeophysical Research Letters
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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