The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period
dc.contributor.author | Cravero, Joseph P. | |
dc.contributor.author | Agarwal, Rita | |
dc.contributor.author | Berde, Charles | |
dc.contributor.author | Birmingham, Patrick | |
dc.contributor.author | Coté, Charles J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Galinkin, Jeffrey | |
dc.contributor.author | Isaac, Lisa | |
dc.contributor.author | Kost‐byerly, Sabine | |
dc.contributor.author | Krodel, David | |
dc.contributor.author | Maxwell, Lynne | |
dc.contributor.author | Voepel‐lewis, Terri | |
dc.contributor.author | Sethna, Navil | |
dc.contributor.author | Wilder, Robert | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-07-03T19:57:00Z | |
dc.date.available | WITHHELD_12_MONTHS | |
dc.date.available | 2019-07-03T19:57:00Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-06 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Cravero, Joseph P.; Agarwal, Rita; Berde, Charles; Birmingham, Patrick; Coté, Charles J. ; Galinkin, Jeffrey; Isaac, Lisa; Kost‐byerly, Sabine ; Krodel, David; Maxwell, Lynne; Voepel‐lewis, Terri ; Sethna, Navil; Wilder, Robert (2019). "The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period." Pediatric Anesthesia 29(6): 547-571. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1155-5645 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1460-9592 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/149726 | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | |
dc.subject.other | patientâ controlled analgesia | |
dc.subject.other | opioids | |
dc.subject.other | monitoring | |
dc.subject.other | side effects | |
dc.subject.other | recommendations | |
dc.title | The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period | |
dc.type | Article | |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Pediatrics | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Surgery and Anesthesiology | |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149726/1/pan13639_am.pdf | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149726/2/pan13639.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/pan.13639 | |
dc.identifier.source | Pediatric Anesthesia | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weinger MB. No patient shall be harmed by opioidâ induced respiratory depression. APSF Newsletter. 2011; 26: 26 â 28. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taenzer AH, Pyke JB, McGrath SP. A review of current and emerging approaches to address failureâ toâ rescue. Anesthesiology. 2011; 115: 421 â 431. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Curry JP, Jungquist CR. A critical assessment of monitoring practices, patient deterioration, and alarm fatigue on inpatient wards: a review. Patient Saf Surg. 2014; 8: 29. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nakatsuka N, Minogue SC, Lim J, et al. Intravenous nalbuphine 50 microg x kg(â 1) is ineffective for opioidâ induced pruritus in pediatrics. Can J Anaesth. 2006; 53: 1103 â 1110. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jannuzzi RG. Nalbuphine for treatment of opioidâ induced pruritus: a systematic review of literature. Clin J Pain. 2016; 32: 87 â 93. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | West N, Ansermino JM, Carr RR, Leung K, Zhou G, Lauder GR. A naloxone admixture to prevent opioidâ induced pruritus in children: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2015; 62: 891 â 900. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Monitto CL, Kostâ Byerly S, White E, et al. The optimal dose of prophylactic intravenous naloxone in ameliorating opioidâ induced side effects in children receiving intravenous patientâ controlled analgesia morphine for moderate to severe pain: a dose finding study. Anesth Analg. 2011; 113: 834 â 842. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Maxwell LG, Kaufmann SC, Bitzer S, et al. The effects of a smallâ dose naloxone infusion on opioidâ induced side effects and analgesia in children and adolescents treated with intravenous patientâ controlled analgesia: a doubleâ blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2005; 100: 953 â 958. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wennstrom B, Reinsfelt B. Rectally administered diclofenac (Voltaren) reduces vomiting compared with opioid (morphine) after strabismus surgery in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002; 46: 430 â 434. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moiniche S, Romsing J, Dahl JB, Tramer MR. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2003; 96: 68 â 77. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Munro HM, Riegger LQ, Reynolds PI, Wilton NC, Lewis IH. Comparison of the analgesic and emetic properties of ketorolac and morphine for paediatric outpatient strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1994; 72: 624 â 628. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mather SJ, Peutrell JM. Postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting following anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Comparison of intravenous morphine and nonâ opioid analgesic techniques. Paediatr Anaesth. 1995; 5: 185 â 188. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heyland K, Dangel P, Gerber AC. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997; 7: 230 â 233. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kokki H, Homan E, Tuovinen K, Purhonen S. Peroperative treatment with i.v. ketoprofen reduces pain and vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999; 43: 13 â 18. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Keidan I, Zaslansky R, Eviatar E, Segal S, Sarfaty SM. Intraoperative ketorolac is an effective substitute for fentanyl in children undergoing outpatient adenotonsillectomy. Pediatr Anesth. 2004; 14: 318 â 323. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sneyd JR, Carr A, Byrom WD, Bilski AJ. A metaâ analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1998; 15: 433 â 445. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Padda GS, Cruz OA, Krock JL. Comparison of postoperative emesis, recovery profile, and analgesia in pediatric strabismus repair. Rectal acetaminophen versus intravenous fentanylâ droperidol. Ophthalmology. 1997; 104: 419 â 424. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jensen AB, Christiansen DB, Coulthard K, et al. Tropisetron reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000; 10: 69 â 75. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nolan J, Prosser DP. Prevention of postoperative vomiting with granisetron in paediatric patients with and without a history of motion sickness. Pediatr Anesth. 2000; 10: 451 â 452. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith PV, Walton DS. Prevention of vomiting after general anesthesia for pediatric ophthalmic surgery. AANA Journal. 2001; 69: 39 â 43. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anderson BJ, Ralph CJ, Stewart AW, Barber C, Holford NH. The doseâ effect relationship for morphine and vomiting after dayâ stay tonsillectomy in children. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2000; 28: 155 â 160. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Eberhart LH, Geldner G, Kranke P, et al. The development and validation of a risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg. 2004; 99: 1630 â 1637, table of contents. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Duedahl TH, Hansen EH. A qualitative systematic review of morphine treatment in children with postoperative pain. Pediatr Anesth. 2007; 17: 756 â 774. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Doyle E, Byers G, McNicol LR, Morton NS. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with transdermal hyoscine in children using patientâ controlled analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 1994; 72: 72 â 76. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Allen D, Jorgensen C, Sims C. Effect of tropisetron on vomiting during patientâ controlled analgesia in children. Br J Anaesth. 1999; 83: 608 â 610. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Park YH, Jang YE, Byon HJ, Kim JT, Kim HS. Comparison of the efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in children receiving fentanyl by patientâ controlled analgesia after orthopedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Anesth. 2013; 23: 360 â 364. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kokinsky E, Thornberg E, Nilsson K, Larsson LE. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in children using patientâ controlled analgesia: the effect of prophylactic intravenous dixyrazine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999; 43: 191 â 195. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goettsch WG, Sukel MP, van der Peet DL, van Riemsdijk MM, Herings RM. Inâ hospital use of opioids increases rate of coded postoperative paralytic ileus. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007; 16: 668 â 674. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barletta JF, Asgeirsson T, Senagore AJ. Influence of intravenous opioid dose on postoperative ileus. Ann Pharmacother. 2011; 45: 916 â 923. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kulaylat AN, Rocourt DV, Tsai AY, et al. Understanding readmissions in children undergoing surgery: a pediatric NSQIP analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2018; 53: 1280 - 1287. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rodrigues A, Wong C, Mattiussi A, Alexander S, Lau E, Dupuis LL. Methylnaltrexone for opioidâ induced constipation in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013; 60: 1667 â 1670. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Garten L, Degenhardt P, Buhrer C. Resolution of opioidâ induced postoperative ileus in a newborn infant after methylnaltrexone. J Pediatr Surg. 2011; 46: e13 â e15. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Xu LL, Zhou XQ, Yi PS, Zhang M, Li J, Xu MQ. Alvimopan combined with enhanced recovery strategy for managing postoperative ileus after open abdominal surgery: a systematic review and metaâ analysis. J Surg Res. 2016; 203: 211 â 221. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kenagy A, Turner H. Pediatric patientâ controlled analgesia by proxy. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2007; 18: 361 â 365. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lim Y, Godambe S. Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2017; 102: 254 â 256. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health; Task Force on Pain in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. The assessment and management of acute pain in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2001; 108: 793 â 797. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fein JA, Zempsky WT, Cravero JP; Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics. Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems. Pediatrics. 2012; 130: e1391 â e1405. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wong C, Lau E, Palozzi L, Campbell F. Pain management in children: part 2â a transition from codeine to morphine for moderate to severe pain in children. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2012; 145: 276 â 279.e1. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wong C, Lau E, Palozzi L, Campbell F. Pain management in children: part 1â pain assessment tools and a brief review of nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatment options. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2012; 145: 222 â 225. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Verghese ST, Hannallah RS. Acute pain management in children. J Pain Res. 2010; 3: 105 â 123. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cote CJ, Posner KL, Domino KB. Death or neurologic injury after tonsillectomy in children with a focus on obstructive sleep apnea: Houston, we have a problem! Anesth Analg. 2014; 118: 1276 â 1283. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. Anesthesiology. 2012; 116: 248 â 273. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lee GY, Yamada J, Kyololo O, Shorkey A, Stevens B. Pediatric clinical practice guidelines for acute procedural pain: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014; 133: 500 â 515. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leonâ Casasola OA, et al. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016; 17: 131 â 157. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taddio A, Goldbach M, Ipp M, Stevens B, Koren G. Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys. Lancet. 1995; 345: 291 â 292. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anand KJ, Coskun V, Thrivikraman KV, Nemeroff CB, Plotsky PM. Longâ term behavioral effects of repetitive pain in neonatal rat pups. Physiol Behav. 1999; 66: 627 â 637. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018; 128: 437 â 479. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Admiraal R, van Kesteren C, Boelens JJ, Bredius RG, Tibboel D, Knibbe CA. Towards evidenceâ based dosing regimens in children on the basis of population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modelling. Arch Dis Child. 2014; 99: 267 â 272. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lonnqvist PA, Morton NS. Postoperative analgesia in infants and children. Br J Anaesth. 2005; 95: 59 â 68. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Long LS, Ved S, Koh JL. Intraoperative opioid dosing in children with and without cerebral palsy. Pediatr Anesth. 2009; 19: 513 â 520. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lynn A, Nespeca MK, Bratton SL, Strauss SG, Shen DD. Clearance of morphine in postoperative infants during intravenous infusion: the influence of age and surgery. Anesth Analg. 1998; 86: 958 â 963. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scott JC, Stanski DR. Decreased fentanyl and alfentanil dose requirements with age. A simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1987; 240: 159 â 166. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Olkkola KT, Maunuksela EL, Korpela R, Rosenberg PH. Kinetics and dynamics of postoperative intravenous morphine in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1988; 44: 128 â 136. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wang C, Sadhavisvam S, Krekels EH, et al. Developmental changes in morphine clearance across the entire paediatric age range are best described by a bodyweightâ dependent exponent model. Clin Drug Investig. 2013; 33: 523 â 534. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bhat R, Chari G, Gulati A, Aldana O, Velamati R, Bhargava H. Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of morphine in preterm infants during the first week of life. J Pediatr. 1990; 117: 477 â 481. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scott CS, Riggs KW, Ling EW, et al. Morphine pharmacokinetics and pain assessment in premature newborns. J Pediatr. 1999; 135: 423 â 429. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bouwmeester NJ, Anderson BJ, Tibboel D, Holford NH. Developmental pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites in neonates, infants and young children. Br J Anaesth. 2004; 92: 208 â 217. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Knibbe CA, Krekels EH, van den Anker JN, et al. Morphine glucuronidation in preterm neonates, infants and children younger than 3 years. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009; 48: 371 â 385. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Krekels EH, DeJongh J, van Lingen RA, et al. Predictive performance of a recently developed population pharmacokinetic model for morphine and its metabolites in new datasets of (preterm) neonates, infants and children. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011; 50: 51 â 63. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ceelie I, de Wildt SN, van Dijk M, et al. Effect of intravenous paracetamol on postoperative morphine requirements in neonates and infants undergoing major noncardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013; 309: 149 â 154. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor J, Liley A, Anderson BJ. The relationship between age and morphine infusion rate in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2013; 23: 40 â 44. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greeley WJ, de Bruijn NP. Changes in sufentanil pharmacokinetics within the neonatal period. Anesth Analg. 1988; 67: 86 â 90. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gauntlett IS, Fisher DM, Hertzka RE, Kuhls E, Spellman MJ, Rudolph C. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in neonatal humans and lambs: effects of age. Anesthesiology. 1988; 69: 683 â 687. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Davis PJ, Killian A, Stiller RL, Cook DR, Guthrie RD, Scierka AM. Pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in newborn premature infants and older children. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1989; 13: 21 â 27. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ross AK, Davis PJ, Dear Gd GL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in anesthetized pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery or diagnostic procedures. Anesth Analg. 2001; 93: 1393 â 1401. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stemland CJ, Witte J, Colquhoun DA, et al. The pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Pediatr Anesth. 2013; 23: 51 â 57. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sharma A, Tallchief D, Blood J, Kim T, London A, Kharasch ED. Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology. 2011; 115: 1153 â 1161. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hamunen K. Ventilatory effects of morphine, pethidine and methadone in children. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 70: 414 â 418. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berde CB, Beyer JE, Bournaki MC, Levin CR, Sethna NF. Comparison of morphine and methadone for prevention of postoperative pain in 3â to 7â yearâ old children. J Pediatr. 1991; 119 ( 1 Pt 1 ): 136 â 141. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ward RM, Drover DR, Hammer GB, et al. The pharmacokinetics of methadone and its metabolites in neonates, infants, and children. Pediatr Anesth. 2014; 24: 591 â 601. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lynn AM, Nespeca MK, Opheim KE, Slattery JT. Respiratory effects of intravenous morphine infusions in neonates, infants, and children after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 1993; 77: 695 â 701. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hertzka RE, Gauntlett IS, Fisher DM, Spellman MJ. Fentanylâ induced ventilatory depression: effects of age. Anesthesiology. 1989; 70: 213 â 218. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gill AM, Cousins A, Nunn AJ, Choonara IA. Opiateâ induced respiratory depression in pediatric patients. Ann Pharmacother. 1996; 30: 125 â 129. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berde CB, Lehn BM, Yee JD, Sethna NF, Russo D. Patientâ controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia. J Pediatr. 1991; 118: 460 â 466. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Walson PD, Graves PS, Mortensen ME, Kern RA, Torch MA. Patientâ controlled versus conventional analgesia for postsurgical pain relief in adolescents. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 19: 32 â 39. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shin D, Kim S, Kim CS, Kim HS. Postoperative pain management using intravenous patientâ controlled analgesia for pediatric patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2001; 12: 129 â 133. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kotzer AM, Foster R. Children’s use of PCA following spinal fusion. Orthop Nurs. 2000; 19: 19 â 27;quiz 8â 30. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ellis JA, Blouin R, Lockett J. Patientâ controlled analgesia: optimizing the experience. Clin Nurs Res. 1999; 8: 283 â 294. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Petrat G, Klein U, Meissner W. Onâ demand analgesia with piritramide in children. A study on dosage specification and safety. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997; 7: 38 â 41. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Till H, Lochbuhler H, Lochbuhler H, Kellnar S, Bohm R, Joppich I. Patientâ controlled analgesia (PCA) in paediatric surgery: a prospective study following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy. Paediatr Anaesth. 1996; 6: 29 â 32. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Beaulieu P, Cyrenne L, Mathews S, Villeneuve E, Vischoff D. Patientâ controlled analgesia after spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Int Orthop. 1996; 20: 295 â 299. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Petros JG, Mallen JK, Howe K, Rimm EB, Robillard RJ. Patientâ controlled analgesia and postoperative urinary retention after open appendectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993; 177: 172 â 175. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tobias JD, Baker DK. Patientâ controlled analgesia with fentanyl in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1992; 31: 177 â 179. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gureno MA, Reisinger CL. Patientâ controlled analgesia for the young pediatric patient. Pediatr Nurs. 1991; 17: 251 â 254. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tyler DC. Patientâ controlled analgesia in adolescents. J Adolesc Health Care. 1990; 11: 154 â 158. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lawrie SC, Forbes DW, Akhtar TM, Morton NS. Patientâ controlled analgesia in children. Anaesthesia. 1990; 45: 1074 â 1076. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Webb CJ, Stergios DA, Rodgers BM. Patientâ controlled analgesia as postoperative pain treatment for children. J Pediatr Nurs. 1989; 4: 162 â 171. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rauen KK, Ho M. Children’s use of patientâ controlled analgesia after spine surgery. Pediatr Nurs. 1989; 15: 589 â 593, 637. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gaukroger PB, Tomkins DP, van der Walt JH. Patientâ controlled analgesia in children. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1989; 17: 264 â 268. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rodgers BM, Webb CJ, Stergios D, Newman BM. Patientâ controlled analgesia in pediatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg. 1988; 23: 259 â 262. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain Management. Practice guidelines for acute pain management in the perioperative setting: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Acute Pain. Anesthesiology. 2012; 116: 248 â 273. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Hudcova J. Patientâ controlled opioid analgesia versus nonâ patientâ controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 2: CD003348. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Faerber J, Zhong W, Dai D, et al. Comparative safety of morphine delivered via intravenous route versus patientâ controlled analgesia device for pediatric inpatients. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017; 53: 842 â 850. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vetter TR. Pediatric patientâ controlled analgesia with morphine versus meperidine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1992; 7: 204 â 208. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ozalevli M, Unlugenc H, Tuncer U, Gunes Y, Ozcengiz D. Comparison of morphine and tramadol by patientâ controlled analgesia for postoperative analgesia after tonsillectomy in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2005; 15: 979 â 984. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Karl HW, Tyler DC, Miser AW. Controlled trial of morphine vs hydromorphone for patientâ controlled analgesia in children with postoperative pain. Pain Med. 2012; 13: 1658 â 1659. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | DiGiusto M, Bhalla T, Martin D, Foerschler D, Jones MJ, Tobias JD. Patientâ controlled analgesia in the pediatric population: morphine versus hydromorphone. J Pain Res. 2014; 7: 471 â 475. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Latta KS, Ginsberg B, Barkin RL. Meperidine: a critical review. Am J Ther. 2002; 9: 53 â 68. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Doyle E, Harper I, Morton NS. Patientâ controlled analgesia with low dose background infusions after lower abdominal surgery in children. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 71: 818 â 822. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Doyle E, Robinson D, Morton NS. Comparison of patientâ controlled analgesia with and without a background infusion after lower abdominal surgery in children. Br J Anaesth. 1993; 71: 670 â 673. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weldon BC, Connor M, White PF. Pediatric PCA: the role of concurrent opioid infusions and nurseâ controlled analgesia. Clin J Pain. 1993; 9: 26 â 33. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McNeely JK, Trentadue NC. Comparison of patientâ controlled analgesia with and without nighttime morphine infusion following lower extremity surgery in children. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1997; 13: 268 â 273. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yildiz K, Tercan E, Dogru K, Ozkan U, Boyaci A. Comparison of patientâ controlled analgesia with and without a background infusion after appendicectomy in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2003; 13: 427 â 431. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kelly JJ, Donath S, Jamsen K, Chalkiadis GA. Postoperative sleep disturbance in pediatric patients using patientâ controlled devices (PCA). Pediatr Anesth. 2006; 16: 1051 â 1056. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | George JA, Lin EE, Hanna MN, et al. The effect of intravenous opioid patientâ controlled analgesia with and without background infusion on respiratory depression: a metaâ analysis. J Opioid Manag. 2010; 6: 47 â 54. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nelson KL, Yaster M, Kostâ Byerly S, Monitto CL. A national survey of American Pediatric Anesthesiologists: patientâ controlled analgesia and other intravenous opioid therapies in pediatric acute pain management. Anesth Analg. 2010; 110: 754 â 760. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hayes J, Dowling JJ, Peliowski A, Crawford MW, Johnston B. Patientâ controlled analgesia plus background opioid infusion for postoperative pain in children: a systematic review and metaâ analysis of randomized trials. Anesth Analg. 2016; 123: 991 â 1003. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Marinkovic A, Kostrzewa A, Tait AR, Malviya S. The prevalence of and risk factors for adverse events in children receiving patientâ controlled analgesia by proxy or patientâ controlled analgesia after surgery. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107: 70 â 75. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Monitto CL, Greenberg RS, Kostâ Byerly S, et al. The safety and efficacy of parentâ /nurseâ controlled analgesia in patients less than six years of age. Anesth Analg. 2000; 91: 573 â 579. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Howard RF, Lloydâ Thomas A, Thomas M, et al. Nurseâ controlled analgesia (NCA) following major surgery in 10,000 patients in a children’s hospital. Pediatr Anesth. 2010; 20: 126 â 134. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Czarnecki ML, Salamon KS, Jastrowski Mano KE, Ferrise AS, Sharp M, Weisman SJ. A preliminary report of parent/nurseâ controlled analgesia (PNCA) in infants and preschoolers. Clin J Pain. 2011; 27: 102 â 107. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Czarnecki ML, Hainsworth K, Simpson PM, et al. Is there an alternative to continuous opioid infusion for neonatal pain control? A preliminary report of parent/nurseâ controlled analgesia in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Anesth. 2014; 24: 377 â 385. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Patientâ controlled analgesia by proxy. Sentinel event alert/Joint Commission. 2004; 547 â 2. https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_30.PDF. Accessed May 24, 2016. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pasero C, McCaffery M. Authorized and unauthorized use of PCA pumps: clarifying the use of patientâ controlled analgesia, in light of recent alerts. Am J Nurs. 2005; 105: 30 â 32, 3. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Choi SH, Lee WK, Lee SJ, et al. Parentâ controlled analgesia in children undergoing cleft palate repair. J Korean Med Sci. 2008; 23: 122 â 125. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Krane EJ. Patientâ controlled analgesia: proxyâ controlled analgesia? Anesth Analg. 2008; 107: 15 â 17. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Naguib AN, Dewhirst E, Winch PD, Simsic J, Galantowicz M, Tobias JD. Pain management after comprehensive stage 2 repair for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013; 34: 52 â 58. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sutters KA, Shaw BA, Gerardi JA, Hebert D. Comparison of morphine patientâ controlled analgesia with and without ketorolac for postoperative analgesia in pediatric orthopedic surgery. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 1999; 28: 351 â 358. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vetter TR, Heiner EJ. Intravenous ketorolac as an adjuvant to pediatric patientâ controlled analgesia with morphine. J Clin Anesth. 1994; 6: 110 â 113. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carney DE, Nicolette LA, Ratner MH, Minerd A, Baesl TJ. Ketorolac reduces postoperative narcotic requirements. J Pediatr Surg. 2001; 36: 76 â 79. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Munro HM, Walton SR, Malviya S, et al. Lowâ dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents. Can J Anaesth. 2002; 49: 461 â 466. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Morton NS, O’Brien K. Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and diclofenac in children receiving PCA morphine. Br J Anaesth. 1999; 82: 715 â 717. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hong JY, Kim WO, Koo BN, Cho JS, Suk EH, Kil HK. Fentanylâ sparing effect of acetaminophen as a mixture of fentanyl in intravenous parentâ /nurseâ controlled analgesia after pediatric ureteroneocystostomy. Anesthesiology. 2010; 113: 672 â 677. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hiller A, Helenius I, Nurmi E, et al. Acetaminophen improves analgesia but does not reduce opioid requirement after major spine surgery in children and adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012; 37: E1225 â E1231. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shah V, Taddio A, Ohlsson A. Randomised controlled trial of paracetamol for heel prick pain in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998; 79: F209 â F211. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Howard CR, Howard FM, Weitzman ML. Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal circumcision: the effect on pain. Pediatrics. 1994; 93: 641 â 646. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shum S, Lim J, Page T, et al. An audit of pain management following pediatric day surgery at British Columbia Children’s Hospital. Pain Res Manag. 2012; 17: 328 â 334. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vincent C, Chiappetta M, Beach A, et al. Parents’ management of children’s pain at home after surgery. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2012; 17: 108 â 120. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fortier MA, Kain ZN. Pain after pediatric surgery. Pain. 2015; 156: 2111 â 2112. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fortier MA, MacLaren JE, Martin SR, Perretâ Karimi D, Kain ZN. Pediatric pain after ambulatory surgery: where’s the medication? Pediatrics. 2009; 124: e588 â e595. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Zikmundâ Fisher BJ, Smith EL, Redman RW, Zyzanski S, Tait AR. Parents’ analgesic tradeâ off dilemmas: how analgesic knowledge influences their decisions to give opioids. Clin J Pain. 2016; 32: 187 â 195. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hasak JM, Roth Bettlach CL, Santosa KB, Larson EL, Stroud J, Mackinnon SE. Empowering postâ surgical patients to improve opioid disposal: a before and after quality improvement study. J Am Coll Surg. 2018; 226: 235 â 240.e3. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prows CA, Zhang X, Huth MM, et al. Codeineâ related adverse drug reactions in children following tonsillectomy: a prospective study. Laryngoscope. 2014; 124: 1242 â 1250. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yellon RF, Kenna MA, Cladis FP, McGhee W, Davis PJ. What is the best nonâ codeine postadenotonsillectomy pain management for children? Laryngoscope. 2014; 124: 1737 â 1738. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tobias JD, Green TP, Coté CJ; Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Committee on Drugs. Codeine: time to say "no". Pediatrics. 2016; 138. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith HS. Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009; 84: 613 â 624. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Halling J, Weihe P, Brosen K. CYP2D6 polymorphism in relation to tramadol metabolism: a study of faroese patients. Ther Drug Monit. 2008; 30: 271 â 275. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children, recommends against use in breastfeeding women. https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm549679htm. Accessed May 1, 2017. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brown KA, Laferriere A, Moss IR. Recurrent hypoxemia in young children with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with reduced opioid requirement for analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2004; 100: 806 â 810. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sutters KA, Miaskowski C, Holdridgeâ Zeuner D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of scheduled dosing of acetaminophen and hydrocodone for the management of postoperative pain in children after tonsillectomy. Clin J Pain. 2010; 26: 95 â 103. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Erskine A, Wiffen PJ, Conlon JA. As required versus fixed schedule analgesic administration for postoperative pain in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 26: CD011404. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines, requires its strongest warning. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/UCM518672pdf. Accessed January 1, 2017. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hwang CS, Kang EM, Kornegay CJ, Staffa JA, Jones CM, McAninch JK. Trends in the concomitant prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines, 2002â 2014. Am J Prev Med. 2016; 51: 151 â 160. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jones CM, McAninch JK. Emergency department visits and overdose deaths from combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines. Am J Prev Med. 2015; 49: 493 â 501. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | George JA, Park PS, Hunsberger J, et al. An analysis of 34,218 pediatric outpatientâ controlled substance prescriptions. Anesth Analg. 2016; 122: 807 â 813. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hermann C, Hohmeister J, Demirakca S, Zohsel K, Flor H. Longâ term alteration of pain sensitivity in schoolâ aged children with early pain experiences. Pain. 2006; 125: 278 â 285. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tomeâ Pires C, Miro J. Hypnosis for the management of chronic and cancer procedureâ related pain in children. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2012; 60: 432 â 457. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vega E, Beaulieu Y, Gauvin R, et al. Chronic nonâ cancer pain in children: we have a problem, but also solutions. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018; 84: 1081 â 1092. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vicencioâ Rosas E, Perezâ Guille MG, Floresâ Perez C, Floresâ Perez J, Trujilloâ Jimenez F, Chavezâ Pacheco JL. Buprenorphine and pain treatment in pediatric patients: an update. J Pain Res. 2018; 11: 549 â 559. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brooks MR, Golianu B. Perioperative management in children with chronic pain. Pediatr Anesth. 2016; 26: 794 â 806. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mitra S, Sinatra RS. Perioperative management of acute pain in the opioidâ dependent patient. Anesthesiology. 2004; 101: 212 â 227. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fanning JJ, Stucke AG, Christensen MA, Cassidy LD, Berens RJ. Perioperative opiate requirements in children with previous opiate infusion. Pediatr Anesth. 2012; 22: 203 â 208. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brill S, Ginosar Y, Davidson EM. Perioperative management of chronic pain patients with opioid dependency. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2006; 19: 325 â 331. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | de Leonâ Casasola OA, Myers DP, Donaparthi S, et al. A comparison of postoperative epidural analgesia between patients with chronic cancer taking high doses of oral opioids versus opioidâ naive patients. Anesth Analg. 1993; 76: 302 â 307. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carroll IR, Angst MS, Clark JD. Management of perioperative pain in patients chronically consuming opioids. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2004; 29: 576 â 591. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gritsenko K, Khelemsky Y, Kaye AD, Vadivelu N, Urman RD. Multimodal therapy in perioperative analgesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014; 28: 59 â 79. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Suresh S, Wang S, Porfyris S, Kamasinskiâ Sol R, Steinhorn DM. Massage therapy in outpatient pediatric chronic pain patients: do they facilitate significant reductions in levels of distress, pain, tension, discomfort, and mood alterations? Pediatr Anesth. 2008; 18: 884 â 887. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lin YC, Tassone RF, Jahng S, et al. Acupuncture management of pain and emergence agitation in children after bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion. Pediatr Anesth. 2009; 19: 1096 â 1101. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tang C, Xia Z. Dexmedetomidine in perioperative acute pain management: a nonâ opioid adjuvant analgesic. J Pain Res. 2017; 10: 1899 â 1904. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bredlau AL, Thakur R, Korones DN, Dworkin RH. Ketamine for pain in adults and children with cancer: a systematic review and synthesis of the literature. Pain Med. 2013; 14: 1505 â 1517. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brummett CM, Janda AM, Schueller CM, et al. Survey criteria for fibromyalgia independently predict increased postoperative opioid consumption after lowerâ extremity joint arthroplasty: a prospective, observational cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2013; 119: 1434 â 1443. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brummett CM, Urquhart AG, Hassett AL, et al. Characteristics of fibromyalgia independently predict poorer longâ term analgesic outcomes following total knee and hip arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015; 67: 1386 â 1394. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Good practice in postoperative and procedural pain management, 2nd edition. Pediatr Anesth. 2012; 22 ( Suppl 1 ): 547 â 79. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cohen LL, Lemanek K, Blount RL, et al. Evidenceâ based assessment of pediatric pain. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008; 33: 939 â 955. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stapelkamp C, Carter B, Gordon J, Watts C. Assessment of acute pain in children: development of evidenceâ based guidelines. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2011; 9: 39 â 50. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kozlowski LJ, Kostâ Byerly S, Colantuoni E, et al. Pain prevalence, intensity, assessment and management in a hospitalized pediatric population. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014; 15: 22 â 35. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Franck LS, Bruce E. Putting pain assessment into practice: why is it so painful? Pain Res Manag. 2009; 14: 13 â 20. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stevens BJ, Harrison D, Rashotte J, et al. Pain assessment and intensity in hospitalized children in Canada. J Pain. 2012; 13: 857 â 865. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ziskâ Rony RY, Lev J, Haviv H. Nurses’ report of inâ hospital pediatric pain assessment: examining challenges and perspectives. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015; 16: 112 â 120. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | De Negri P, Ivani G. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Pediatric Drugs. 2002; 4: 717 â 728. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor EM, Boyer K, Campbell FA. Pain in hospitalized children: a prospective crossâ sectional survey of pain prevalence, intensity, assessment and management in a Canadian pediatric teaching hospital. Pain Res Manag. 2008; 13: 25 â 32. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Schiavenato M, Craig KD. Pain assessment as a social transaction: beyond the "gold standard". Clin J Pain. 2010; 26: 667 â 676. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | van Dijk JF, van Wijck AJ, Kappen TH, Peelen LM, Kalkman CJ, Schuurmans MJ. Postoperative pain assessment based on numeric ratings is not the same for patients and professionals: a crossâ sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2012; 49: 65 â 71. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL. Children’s selfâ report of pain intensity: what we know, where we are headed. Pain Res Manag. 2009; 14: 39 â 45. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Twycross A, Voepelâ Lewis T, Vincent C, Franck LS, von Baeyer CL. A debate on the proposition that selfâ report is the gold standard in assessment of pediatric pain intensity. Clin J Pain. 2015; 31: 707 â 712. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T. How reliable are ’valid and reliable’ pain scores in the pediatric clinical setting? Pain Manag. 2013; 3: 343 â 350. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huguet A, Stinson JN, McGrath PJ. Measurement of selfâ reported pain intensity in children and adolescents. J Psychosom Res. 2010; 68: 329 â 336. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tomlinson D, von Baeyer CL, Stinson JN, Sung L. A systematic review of faces scales for the selfâ report of pain intensity in children. Pediatrics. 2010; 126: e1168 â e1198. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL, Forsyth SJ, Stanford EA, Watson M, Chambers CT. Response biases in preschool children’s ratings of pain in hypothetical situations. Eur J Pain. 2009; 13: 209 â 213. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vervoort T, Trost Z, Van Ryckeghem DM. Children’s selective attention to pain and avoidance behaviour: the role of child and parental catastrophizing about pain. Pain. 2013; 154: 1979 â 1988. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stinson JN, Kavanagh T, Yamada J, Gill N, Stevens B. Systematic review of the psychometric properties, interpretability and feasibility of selfâ report pain intensity measures for use in clinical trials in children and adolescents. Pain. 2006; 125: 143 â 157. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL. Numerical rating scale for selfâ report of pain intensity in children and adolescents: recent progress and further questions. Eur J Pain. 2009; 13: 1005 â 1007. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McGrath PJ, Walco GA, Turk DC, et al. Core outcome domains and measures for pediatric acute and chronic/recurrent pain clinical trials: PedIMMPACT recommendations. J Pain. 2008; 9: 771 â 783. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Malviya S. Pain score guided morphine titration is risky and inappropriate. Pediatr Anesth. 2014; 24: 454 â 456. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Crellin D, Sullivan TP, Babl FE, O’Sullivan R, Hutchinson A. Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting. Pediatr Anesth. 2007; 17: 720 â 733. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007; 127: 140 â 150. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Blount RL, Loiselle KA. Behavioural assessment of pediatric pain. Pain Res Manag. 2009; 14: 47 â 52. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bernard R, Salvi N, Gall O, et al. MORPHIT: an observational study on morphine titration in the postanesthetic care unit in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2014; 24: 303 â 308. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kokki H, Lintula H, Vanamo K, Heiskanen M, Eskelinen M. Oxycodone vs placebo in children with undifferentiated abdominal pain: a randomized, doubleâ blind clinical trial of the effect of analgesia on diagnostic accuracy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159: 320 â 325. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Page MG, Stinson J, Campbell F, Isaac L, Katz J. Painâ related psychological correlates of pediatric acute postâ surgical pain. J Pain Res. 2012; 5: 547 â 558. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Burke CN, Jeffreys N, Malviya S, Tait AR. Do 0â 10 numeric rating scores translate into clinically meaningful pain measures for children? Anesth Analg. 2011; 112: 415 â 421. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Merkel S, Tait AR, Trzcinka A, Malviya S. The reliability and validity of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability observational tool as a measure of pain in children with cognitive impairment. Anesth Analg. 2002; 95: 1224 â 1229. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Page MG, Katz J, Stinson J, Isaac L, Martinâ Pichora AL, Campbell F. Validation of the numerical rating scale for pain intensity and unpleasantness in pediatric acute postoperative pain: sensitivity to change over time. J Pain. 2012; 13: 359 â 369. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boerlage AA, Ista E, Duivenvoorden HJ, de Wildt SN, Tibboel D, van Dijk M. The COMFORT behaviour scale detects clinically meaningful effects of analgesic and sedative treatment. Eur J Pain. 2015; 19: 473 â 479. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tsze DS, Hirschfeld G, von Baeyer CL, Bulloch B, Dayan PS. Clinically significant differences in acute pain measured on selfâ report pain scales in children. Acad Emerg Med. 2015; 22: 415 â 422. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Foster RL, Yucha CB, Zuk J, Vojir CP. Physiologic correlates of comfort in healthy children. Pain Manag Nurs. 2003; 4: 23 â 30. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | van Dijk M, de Boer JB, Koot HM, Tibboel D, Passchier J, Duivenvoorden HJ. The reliability and validity of the COMFORT scale as a postoperative pain instrument in 0 to 3â yearâ old infants. Pain. 2000; 84: 367 â 377. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chambers CT, Finley GA, McGrath PJ, Walsh TM. The parents’ postoperative pain measure: replication and extension to 2â 6â yearâ old children. Pain. 2003; 105: 437 â 443. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL, Chambers CT, Eakins DM. Development of a 10â item short form of the parents’ postoperative pain measure: the PPPMâ SF. J Pain. 2011; 12: 401 â 406. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | von Baeyer CL, Lin V, Seidman LC, Tsao JC, Zeltzer LK. Pain charts (body maps or manikins) in assessment of the location of pediatric pain. Pain Manag. 2011; 1: 61 â 68. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hamill JK, Lyndon M, Liley A, Hill AG. Where it hurts: a systematic review of painâ location tools for children. Pain. 2014; 155: 851 â 858. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fernandes AM, De Campos C, Batalha L, Perdigao A, Jacob E. Pain assessment using the adolescent pediatric pain tool: a systematic review. Pain Res Manag. 2014; 19: 212 â 218. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Safe use of opioids in hospitals. Sentinel Event Alert. 2012; 4: 547 â 5. https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_49_opioids_8_2_12_final.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2016. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Requirements for hospital medication administration, particularly intravenous medications and postâ operative care of patients receiving IV opioids. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Policy-and-Memos-to-States-and-Regions-Items/Survey-and-Cert-Letter-14-15.html. Accessed September 23, 2016. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jarzyna D, Jungquist CR, Pasero C, et al. American Society for Pain Management Nursing guidelines on monitoring for opioidâ induced sedation and respiratory depression. Pain Manag Nurs. 2011; 12: 118 â 145.e10. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cooney MF, Czarnecki M, Dunwoody C, et al. American Society for Pain Management Nursing position statement with clinical practice guidelines: authorized agent controlled analgesia. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013; 14: 176 â 181. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chidambaran V, Olbrecht V, Hossain M, Sadhasivam S, Rose J, Meyer MJ. Risk predictors of opioidâ induced critical respiratory events in children: naloxone use as a quality measure of opioid safety. Pain Med. 2014; 15: 2139 â 2149. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Miller KM, Kim AY, Yaster M, et al. Longâ term tolerability of capnography and respiratory inductance plethysmography for respiratory monitoring in pediatric patients treated with patientâ controlled analgesia. Pediatr Anesth. 2015; 25: 1054 â 1059. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Morton NS, Errera A. APA national audit of pediatric opioid infusions. Pediatr Anesth. 2010; 20: 119 â 125. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gordon DB, de Leonâ Casasola OA, Wu CL, Sluka KA, Brennan TJ, Chou R. Research gaps in practice guidelines for acute postoperative pain management in adults: findings from a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. J Pain. 2016; 17: 158 â 166. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Overdyk FJ, Carter R, Maddox RR, Callura J, Herrin AE, Henriquez C. Continuous oximetry/capnometry monitoring reveals frequent desaturation and bradypnea during patientâ controlled analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2007; 105: 412 â 418. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Maddox RR, Williams CK. Clinical experience with capnography monitoring for PCA patients. APSF Newsletter. 2012; 26. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tobias JD. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in infants and children. Pediatr Anesth. 2009; 19: 434 â 444. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bernetâ Buettiker V, Ugarte MJ, Frey B, Hug MI, Baenziger O, Weiss M. Evaluation of a new combined transcutaneous measurement of PCO2/pulse oximetry oxygen saturation ear sensor in newborn patients. Pediatrics. 2005; 115: e64 â e68. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voscopoulos CJ, MacNabb CM, Freeman J, Galvagno SM Jr, Ladd D, George E. Continuous noninvasive respiratory volume monitoring for the identification of patients at risk for opioidâ induced respiratory depression and obstructive breathing patterns. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014; 77: S208 â S215. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brown KA. Outcome, risk, and error and the child with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatr Anesth. 2011; 21: 771 â 780. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hudcova J, McNicol E, Quah C, Lau J, Carr DB. Patientâ controlled opioid analgesia versus conventional opioid analgesia for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 18: CD003348. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brown KA, Laferriere A, Lakheeram I, Moss IR. Recurrent hypoxemia in children is associated with increased analgesic sensitivity to opiates. Anesthesiology. 2006; 105: 665 â 669. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Callaghan LC, Walker JD. An aid to drug dosing safety in obese children: development of a new nomogram and comparison with existing methods for estimation of ideal body weight and lean body mass. Anaesthesia. 2015; 70: 176 â 182. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chung F, Liao P, Elsaid H, Shapiro CM, Kang W. Factors associated with postoperative exacerbation of sleepâ disordered breathing. Anesthesiology. 2014; 120: 299 â 311. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lumeng JC, Chervin RD. Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008; 5: 242 â 252. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cote V, Ruiz AG, Perkins J, Sillau S, Friedman NR. Characteristics of children under 2 years of age undergoing tonsillectomy for upper airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015; 79: 903 â 908. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingrande J, Lemmens HJ. Dose adjustment of anaesthetics in the morbidly obese. Br J Anaesth. 2010; 105 ( Suppl 1 ): i16 â i23. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mortensen A, Lenz K, Abildstrom H, Lauritsen TL. Anesthetizing the obese child. Pediatr Anesth. 2011; 21: 623 â 629. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gordon DB, Pellino TA, Higgins GA, Pasero C, Murphyâ Ende K. Nurses’ opinions on appropriate administration of PRN range opioid analgesic orders for acute pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2008; 9: 131 â 140. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pasero C. Assessment of sedation during opioid administration for pain management. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009; 24: 186 â 190. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rosenfeld DM, Betcher JA, Shah RA, et al. Findings of a naloxone database and its utilization to improve safety and education in a tertiary care medical center. Pain Pract. 2016; 16: 327 â 333. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voepelâ Lewis T, Wagner D, Burke C. Early adjuvant use of nonâ opioids associated with reduced odds of serious postoperative opioid adverse events and need for rescue in children. Pediatr Anesth. 2013; 162 â 169. | |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.