View Item 

Show simple item record

Medication therapy management delivery by community pharmacists: Insights from a national sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries
dc.contributor.authorAdeoye, Omolola A.
dc.contributor.authorFarley, Joel F.
dc.contributor.authorCoe, Antoinette B.
dc.contributor.authorPestka, Deborah L.
dc.contributor.authorFarris, Karen B.
dc.contributor.authorZillich, Alan J.
dc.contributor.authorSnyder, Margie E.
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-30T15:30:51Z
dc.date.availableWITHHELD_12_MONTHS
dc.date.available2019-09-30T15:30:51Z
dc.date.issued2019-08
dc.identifier.citationAdeoye, Omolola A.; Farley, Joel F.; Coe, Antoinette B.; Pestka, Deborah L.; Farris, Karen B.; Zillich, Alan J.; Snyder, Margie E. (2019). "Medication therapy management delivery by community pharmacists: Insights from a national sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries." Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2(4): 373-382.
dc.identifier.issn2574-9870
dc.identifier.issn2574-9870
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/151286
dc.description.abstractIntroductionThe Medicare Part D medication therapy management (MTM) program positions pharmacists to optimize beneficiaries’ medications and improve care. Little is known regarding Part D MTM delivery by community pharmacists and other pharmacist provider types.ObjectivesTo (a) characterize Medicare Part D MTM delivery by community pharmacists, (b) compare MTM delivery by community pharmacists to other pharmacists, and (c) generate hypotheses for future research.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study using merged data from a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiary enrollment data with a 100% sample of recently available 2014 Part D MTM files was conducted. Andersen’s Behavioral Model was applied to describe MTM delivery across beneficiary characteristics. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to compare delivery of MTM between community and other pharmacist providers.ResultsAmong beneficiaries sampled, community pharmacists provided comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) to 22% (n = 26 337) of beneficiaries receiving at least one CMR. Almost half (49.4%) were provided face‐to‐face. Across pharmacist cohorts, median days to CMR offer of post‐MTM program enrollment were within the 60‐day policy requirement. The community pharmacist cohort had fewer days from CMR offer to receipt (median 47 days). Community pharmacists provided more medication therapy problem (MTP) recommendations (mean [SD] of 1.8 [3.5]; P < .001), but resolved less MTPs (0.2 [0.7]; P < .001), and most commonly served beneficiaries that were in the south but less in the west/northeast. Additionally, community pharmacists served a smaller proportion of black beneficiaries, yet a larger proportion of Hispanic beneficiaries (P < .001).ConclusionCommunity pharmacists provided approximately one in five CMRs for MTM eligible beneficiaries in 2014, with CMRs occurring more quickly, resulting in more MTP recommendations, but resolving less MTPs than those provided by noncommunity pharmacists. Future research should explore geographic/racial‐ethnic disparities in beneficiaries served and strategies to increase negligible MTP resolution by community pharmacists.
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
dc.subject.othermedication therapy management
dc.subject.otherMedicare Part D
dc.subject.othercommunity pharmacists
dc.titleMedication therapy management delivery by community pharmacists: Insights from a national sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPharmacy and Pharmacology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151286/1/jac51160.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151286/2/jac51160_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/jac5.1160
dc.identifier.sourceJournal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management (MTM) programs fact sheet. 2014 [cited 2019 March 6]. Available from: www.cms.gov/medicare/prescription-drug-coverage/prescriptiondrugcovcontra/downloads/cy2014-mtm-fact-sheet.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBacci JL, McGrath SH, Pringle JL, Maguire MA, McGivney MS. Implementation of targeted medication adherence interventions within a community chain pharmacy practice: The Pennsylvania Project. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014; 54 ( 6 ): 584 – 593.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLounsbery JL, Green CG, Bennett MS, Pedersen CA. Evaluation of pharmacists’ barriers to the implementation of medication therapy management services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009; 49 ( 1 ): 51 – 58.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceResearch Data Assistance Center (ResDAC).Part D medication therapy management data file. 2019 [cited 2019 May 14]. Available from: www.resdac.org/cms‐data/files/part‐d‐mtm‐data‐file/data‐documentation.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAday LA, Andersen R. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Serv Res. 1974; 9 ( 3 ): 208 – 220.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAndersen R, Newman JF. Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. The Milbank Quarterly. 2005; 83 ( 4 ):515–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00428.x.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNational Bureau of Economic Research. CMS’s SSA to FIPS CBSA and MSA county crosswalk [cited 2019 March 6]. Available from: www.nber.org/data/cbsa-msa-fips-ssa-county-crosswalk.html.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMedicare.gov. Medicare savings programs [cited 2019 March 6]. Available from: www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/get-help-paying-costs/medicare-savings-programs.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElixhauser A, Steiner C, Harris DR, Coffey RM. Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data. Med Care. 1998; 36 ( 1 ): 8 – 27.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality; HCUP Elixhauser Comorbidity Software. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). 2017 [cited 2019 Feb 28]. Available from: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/toolssoftware/comorbidity/comindex2012-2015.txt.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Trends in Part C & D star rating measure cut points. 2018 [cited 2019 March 6]. Available from: www.cms.gov/Medicare/Prescription‐Drug‐Coverage/PrescriptionDrugCovGenIn/Downloads/2019_Cut_Point_Trend.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). CY 2014 medication therapy management program guidance and submission instructions. 2013 [cited 2019 March 7]. Available from: www.cms.gov/medicare/prescription‐drug‐coverage/prescriptiondrugcovcontra/downloads/memo‐contract‐year‐2014‐medication‐therapy‐management‐mtm‐program‐submission‐v040513.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSAS [computer program]. Version 9.4. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 2013.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAcademy of Managed Care Pharmacy. American Pharmacists Association. Medicare star ratings: stakeholder proceedings on community pharmacy and managed care partnerships in quality. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014; 54 ( 3 ): 228 – 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpecialty Pharmacy Times. White paper: DIR fees simply explained. 2017 [cited 2019 March 6]. Available from: www.specialtypharmacytimes.com/news/white‐paper‐dir‐fees‐simply‐explained.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Medicare Part D—Direct and Indirect Remuneration (DIR). 2017 [cited 2019 May 14]. Available from: www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-part-d-direct-and-indirect-remuneration-dir.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiguel A, Hall A, Liu W, et al. Improving comprehensive medication review acceptance by using a standardized recruitment ccript: A randomized control trial. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017; 23 ( 1 ): 13 – 21.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller DE, Roane TE, Salo JA, Hardin HC. Evaluation of comprehensive medication review completion rates using 3 patient outreach models. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016; 22 ( 7 ): 796 – 800.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStafford R, Thomas J, Payakachat N, et al. Using an array of implementation strategies to improve success rates of pharmacist‐initiated medication therapy management services in community pharmacies. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017; 13 ( 5 ): 938 – 946.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLam A. Practice innovations: delivering medication therapy management services via Videoconference interviews. Consult Pharm. 2011; 26 ( 10 ): 764 – 774.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSnyder ME, Zillich AJ, Primack BA, et al. Exploring successful community pharmacist‐physician collaborative working relationships using mixed methods. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2010; 6 ( 4 ): 307 – 323.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFarris KB, Mitrzyk BM, Batra P, et al. Linking the patient‐centered medical home to community pharmacy via an innovative pharmacist care model. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2019; 59 ( 1 ): 70 – 78.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGernant SA, Zillich AJ, Snyder ME. Access to medical records’ impact on community pharmacist‐delivered medication therapy management: A pilot from the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx‐SafeNet). J Pharm Pract. 2018; 31 ( 6 ): 642 – 650.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZillich AJ, McDonough RP, Carter BL, Doucette WR. Influential characteristics of physician/pharmacist collaborative relationships. Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38 ( 5 ): 764 – 770.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLahue BJ, Pyenson B, Iwasaki K, Blumen HE, Forray S, Rothschild JM. National burden of preventable adverse drug events associated with inpatient injectable medications: healthcare and medical professional liability costs. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2012; 5 ( 7 ): 1 – 10.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJoint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners. Medication Management Services (MMS) Definition and Key Points. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 6]. Available from: https://jcpp.net/wp‐content/uploads/2018/05/Medication‐Management‐Services‐Definition‐and‐Key‐Points‐Version‐1.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBluml BM. Definition of medication therapy management: development of professionwide consensus. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2005; 45 ( 5 ): 566 – 572.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). CY 2019 medication therapy management program guidance and submission instructions. April 6, 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 7]. Available from: www.cms.gov/Medicare/Prescription‐Drug‐Coverage/PrescriptionDrugCovContra/Downloads/Memo‐Contract‐Year‐2019‐Medication‐Therapy‐Management‐MTM‐Program‐Submission‐v‐040618.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Part D Medication Therapy Management (MTM) programs fact sheet. 2018 [cited 2019 May 1]. Available from: www.cms.gov/Medicare/Prescription‐Drug‐Coverage/PrescriptionDrugCovContra/Downloads/CY2018‐MTM‐Fact‐Sheet.pdf.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceViswanathan M, Kahwati LC, Golin CE, et al. Medication therapy management interventions in outpatient settings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175 ( 1 ): 76 – 87.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSnyder ME, Jaynes HA, Gernant SA, Lantaff WM, Hudmon KS, Doucette WR. Variation in medication therapy management delivery: Iimplications for health care policy. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018; 24 ( 9 ): 896 – 902.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlake KB, Madhavan SS. Perceived barriers to provision of medication therapy management services (MTMS) and the likelihood of a pharmacist to work in a pharmacy that provides MTMS. Ann Pharmacother. 2010; 44 ( 3 ): 424 – 431.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBright DR, Lengel AJ, Powers MF. Pharmacists’ perceptions of barriers to implementing medication therapy management and the role of pharmacy technicians in overcoming the barriers. J Pharm Technol. 2009; 25 ( 6 ): 361 – 367.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchommer JC, Planas LG, Johnson KA, Doucette WR. Pharmacist‐provided medication therapy management (part 1): Provider perspectives in 2007. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008; 48 ( 3 ): 354 – 363.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLengel M, Kuhn CH, Worley M, Wehr AM, McAuley JW. Pharmacy technician involvement in community pharmacy medication therapy management. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2018; 58 ( 2 ): 179 – 185.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGernant SA, Nguyen M‐O, Siddiqui S, Schneller M. Use of pharmacy technicians in elements of medication therapy management delivery: A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018; 14 ( 10 ): 883 – 890.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePattin AJ, Powers MF, Lengel AJ. Training community pharmacy technicians about their roles in the provision of medication therapy management services. J Pharm Technol. 2011; 27 ( 1 ): 9 – 14.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarcia GM, Snyder ME, McGrath SH, Smith RB, McGivney MS. Generating demand for pharmacist‐provided medication therapy management: identifying patient‐preferred marketing strategies. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009; 49 ( 5 ): 611 – 616.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuet AL, Frail CK, Lake LM, Snyder ME. Impact of passive and active promotional strategies on patient acceptance of medication therapy management services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2015; 55 ( 2 ): 178 – 181.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcGrath SH, Snyder ME, Duenas GG, Pringle JL, Smith RB, McGivney MS. Physician perceptions of pharmacist‐provided medication therapy management: Qualitative analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2010; 50 ( 1 ): 67 – 71.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdeoye OA, Lake LM, Lourens SG, Morris RE, Snyder ME. What predicts medication therapy management completion rates? The role of community pharmacy staff characteristics and beliefs about medication therapy management. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2018; 58 ( 4s ): S7 – S15.
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
jac51160.pdf
Size:
736.7KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open
Name:
jac51160_am.pdf
Size:
781.8KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.