The Semantics and Syntax of Numeral Classification in Tai and Austronesian. (Volumes I and II).

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the dynamics of numeral classification as a functioning linguistic structure within the syntactic and semantic systems of Tai and Austronesian languages. Going beyond a simple description of the scope of individual classifier markers, the study examines metaphorical sources for sets of classifiers and analyzes their role in counting, specifying definitizing, nominalizing, and anaphoric reference. It considers the evolution of classification in the context of overall changes in nominal structure. Chapter I demonstrates the inadequacy of existing analyses of nominal classification and outlines a view of systems of categorization that stresses evolution and adaptation to the structural linguistic context and the necessity of simultaneous consideration of semantic force and functional load as part of a syntactic analysis. Chapter II evaluates various models for componential analysis of White Tai classifiers, endorsing a semantic field model; examines the integration of the form class throughout the syntactic structure of the nominal phrase in Siamese; and compares Tai classification systems based on data from nine languages. Chapter III reveals the transition underway in thirteen Western Austronesian languages, particularly in Indonesian. Chapter IV uses data from fifteen Eastern Austronesian languages to chart the decline and loss of numeral classification. Chapter V demonstrates underlying parallels among the classifier systems in all three language families in lexicon, lexicosemantics, set semantics, and syntactic extensions that indicate a common Austro-Tai source. Study of numeral classification challenges accepted views of grammatical relations. Looking at nominal phrase syntax from the perspective of a component ordinarily considered as idiosyncratic and functioning at the periphery of grammar leads to a reexamination of the hierarchy of relations among nominal elements and of their semantic force.