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Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian

dc.contributor.authorO’connell, Kyle A.
dc.contributor.authorPrates, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorScheinberg, Lauren A.
dc.contributor.authorMulder, Kevin P.
dc.contributor.authorBell, Rayna C.
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-01T20:12:02Z
dc.date.available2022-07-01 16:12:00en
dc.date.available2021-07-01T20:12:02Z
dc.date.issued2021-06
dc.identifier.citationO’connell, Kyle A. ; Prates, Ivan; Scheinberg, Lauren A.; Mulder, Kevin P.; Bell, Rayna C. (2021). "Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian." Molecular Ecology 30(12): 2859-2871.
dc.identifier.issn0962-1083
dc.identifier.issn1365-294X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/168310
dc.description.abstractA period of isolation in allopatry typically precedes local adaptation and subsequent divergence among lineages. Alternatively, locally adapted phenotypes may arise and persist in the face of gene flow, resulting in strong correlations between ecologically- relevant phenotypic variation and corresponding environmental gradients. Quantifying genetic, ecological, and phenotypic divergence in such lineages can provide insights into the abiotic and biotic mechanisms that structure populations and drive the accumulation of phenotypic and taxonomic diversity. Low- vagility organisms whose distributions span ephemeral geographic barriers present the ideal evolutionary context within which to address these questions. Here, we combine genetic (mtDNA and genome- wide SNPs) and phenotypic data to investigate the divergence history of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) endemic to the oceanic island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea archipelago. Consistent with a previous mtDNA study, we find two phenotypically and genetically distinct lineages that occur along a north- to- south axis with extensive admixture in the centre of the island. Demographic modelling supports divergence in allopatry (~300 kya) followed by secondary contact (~95 kya). Consequently, in contrast to a morphological study that interpreted latitudinal phenotypic variation in these caecilians as a cline within a single widespread species, our analyses suggest a history of allopatric lineage divergence and subsequent hybridization that may have blurred species boundaries. We propose that late Pleistocene volcanic activity favoured allopatric divergence between these lineages with local adaptation to climate maintaining a stable hybrid zone in the centre of São Tomé Island. Our study joins a growing number of systems demonstrating lineage divergence on volcanic islands with stark environmental transitions across small geographic distances.ResumoUm período de isolamento em alopatria geralmente precede adaptação local e divergência subsequente entre linhagens evolutivas. Alternativamente, fenótipos adaptados localmente podem surgir e persistir apesar de fluxo gênico, resultando em fortes correlações entre variação fenotípica ecologicamente relevante e os gradientes ambientais correspondentes. Quantificar divergência genética, ecológica e fenotípica em tais linhagens pode ajudar a clarificar os mecanismos abióticos e bióticos que estruturam as populações e levam ao acúmulo de diversidade fenotípica e taxonômica. Organismos de baixa vagilidade, cujas áreas de distribuição incluem barreiras geográficas efêmeras, representam um contexto evolutivo ideal para abordar essas questões. Neste estudo, combinamos dados genéticos (mtDNA e SNPs genômicos) e fenotípicos para investigar a história de divergência de cecílias endêmicas da ilha oceânica de São Tomé, no arquipélago do Golfo da Guiné. Consistentemente com um estudo anterior de mtDNA, encontramos duas linhagens fenotipicamente e geneticamente distintas que ocorrem ao longo de um eixo norte- sul, com extensa mistura genética no centro da ilha. Modelagem demográfica suportou um cenário de divergência em alopatria (~ 300 mil anos atrás) seguida de contato secundário (~ 95 mil anos atrás). Ao contrário de um estudo morfológico que interpretou a variação fenotípica latitudinal nessas cecílias como uma clina dentro de uma única espécie amplamente difundida, nossas análises sugerem uma história de divergência de linhagens em alopatria e subsequente hibridização que pode ter confundido os limites das espécies. Propomos que atividade vulcânica durante o Pleistoceno tardio favoreceu divergência alopátrica entre essas linhagens, com adaptação local ao clima mantendo uma zona híbrida estável no centro da Ilha de São Tomé. Nosso estudo se une a um número crescente de sistemas que demonstram divergência entre linhagens em ilhas vulcânicas com transições ambientais marcantes ao longo de distâncias geográficas curtas.
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.publisherUniversity of California Press
dc.subject.otherin situ diversification
dc.subject.otherSchistometopum ephele
dc.subject.otherSchistometopum thomense
dc.subject.otherisland speciation
dc.subject.otheramphibian
dc.subject.othergene flow
dc.subject.otherhybridization
dc.titleSpeciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelEcology and Evolutionary Biology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScience
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/1/mec15928-sup-0002-FigS1.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/2/mec15928-sup-0003-FigS2.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/3/mec15928-sup-0005-FigS4.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/4/mec15928-sup-0004-FigS3.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/5/mec15928_am.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168310/6/mec15928.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/mec.15928
dc.identifier.sourceMolecular Ecology
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