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The ontogeny of knuckle-walking and dorsal metacarpal ridge prominence in chimpanzees
dc.contributor.authorSarringhaus, Lauren
dc.contributor.authorMitani, John C.
dc.contributor.authorMacLatchy, Laura M.
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-06T17:27:07Z
dc.date.available2023-06-06 13:27:02en
dc.date.available2022-05-06T17:27:07Z
dc.date.issued2022-05
dc.identifier.citationSarringhaus, Lauren; Mitani, John C.; MacLatchy, Laura M. (2022). "The ontogeny of knuckle-walking and dorsal metacarpal ridge prominence in chimpanzees." American Journal of Biological Anthropology 178(1): 29-43.
dc.identifier.issn2692-7691
dc.identifier.issn2692-7691
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/172283
dc.description.abstractObjectivesThis study examines the sensitivity of the development of the dorsal metacarpal ridge (DMR) to the frequency of knuckle-walking during ontogeny in chimpanzees, and compares the prevalence and prominence of the DMR in hominoids and baboons.Materials and MethodsWe characterized the type and frequency of quadrupedalism of wild chimpanzees of different ages from the Ngogo community, Uganda. Using museum specimens, we quantified third metacarpal DMR angle and height in Pan individuals of different developmental stages, and in adult Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobates, and Papio.ResultsWhen terrestrial, all quadrupedalism consisted of knuckle-walking, although older individuals knuckle-walked more than younger. The total amount of quadrupedalism engaged in by different age groups while arboreal was consistent; however, knuckle usage while arboreally quadrupedal increased with age. The DMR ridge did not emerge in Pan until older infancy, after the onset of knuckle-walking, and reached prominence by the juvenile stage. The DMR angle increased significantly after juvenility but relative height did not. Adult Pan and Gorilla have more prevalent and prominent DMRs than Papio; the DMR was rare in Pongo and absent in Hylobates.DiscussionThe timing of development of the DMR in chimpanzees supports it as a knuckle walking character, as does its occurrence in gorillas, and virtual absence in suspensory orangutans and gibbons. The DMR in baboons differs in appearance and frequency from DMRs in African apes, and so differentiates knuckle-walking from digitigrady in catarrhines. The relationship between the DMR and loading of a vertical hand while terrestrial deserves further study.The DMR of Papio, Pan, and Gorilla in medial (top) and dorsal (bottom) view. When present in Papio, the DMR is two separate ridges angled to the lateral and medial side (blue arrows). The DMR of African apes (Pan and Gorilla) presents as a continuous ridge from the medial to lateral edge of the distal dorsal metacarpal (blue arrows)
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
dc.subject.otherPapio
dc.subject.otherquadrupedalism
dc.subject.otherlocomotor development
dc.subject.otherGorilla
dc.subject.otherdigitigrade
dc.titleThe ontogeny of knuckle-walking and dorsal metacarpal ridge prominence in chimpanzees
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelEcology and Evolutionary Biology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScience
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/172283/1/ajpa24477.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/172283/2/ajpa24477_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ajpa.24477
dc.identifier.sourceAmerican Journal of Biological Anthropology
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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