View Item 

Show simple item record

Attachment insecurity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder
dc.contributor.authorWrobel, Anna L.
dc.contributor.authorRussell, Samantha E.
dc.contributor.authorJayasinghe, Anuradhi
dc.contributor.authorLotfaliany, Mojtaba
dc.contributor.authorTurner, Alyna
dc.contributor.authorDean, Olivia M.
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Sue M.
dc.contributor.authorDiaz-Byrd, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorYocum, Anastasia K.
dc.contributor.authorDuval, Elizabeth R.
dc.contributor.authorEhrlich, Tobin J.
dc.contributor.authorMarshall, David F.
dc.contributor.authorBerk, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMcInnis, Melvin G.
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-01T20:27:52Z
dc.date.available2023-07-01 16:27:51en
dc.date.available2022-06-01T20:27:52Z
dc.date.issued2022-06
dc.identifier.citationWrobel, Anna L.; Russell, Samantha E.; Jayasinghe, Anuradhi; Lotfaliany, Mojtaba; Turner, Alyna; Dean, Olivia M.; Cotton, Sue M.; Diaz-Byrd, Claudia ; Yocum, Anastasia K.; Duval, Elizabeth R.; Ehrlich, Tobin J.; Marshall, David F.; Berk, Michael; McInnis, Melvin G. (2022). "Attachment insecurity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (6): 591-603.
dc.identifier.issn0001-690X
dc.identifier.issn1600-0447
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/172784
dc.description.abstractBackgroundChildhood trauma is associated with greater depression severity among individuals with bipolar disorder. However, the mechanisms that explain the link between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder remain poorly understood. The mediational role of attachment insecurity in childhood and adulthood was assessed in the current study.MethodsParticipants with bipolar disorder (N = 143) completed measures of childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), attachment insecurity (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale) and depression severity (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) as part of the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder. A sequential mediation model was tested using path analysis: the direct and indirect effects of childhood trauma on depression severity with attachment insecurity (attachment anxiety and avoidance) in childhood (mother and father) and adulthood (partner) as mediators were estimated.ResultsThe final path model demonstrated an excellent fit to the data (comparative fit index = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation = 0.021 [90% confidence interval = 0.000–0.073]). Supporting the hypothesised sequential mediation model, maternal attachment anxiety in childhood and romantic attachment avoidance in adulthood partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity; this effect accounted for 12% of the total effect of childhood trauma on depression severity.ConclusionAttachment insecurity in childhood and adulthood form part of the complex mechanism informing why people with bipolar disorder who have a history of childhood trauma experience greater depression severity. Addressing attachment insecurity represents a valuable psychotherapeutic treatment target for bipolar disorder.
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.publisherRoutledge
dc.subject.otherattachment
dc.subject.otherbipolar disorder
dc.subject.otherchildhood abuse
dc.subject.otherdepression
dc.subject.othertreatment outcomes
dc.titleAttachment insecurity partially mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depression severity in bipolar disorder
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychiatry
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/172784/1/acps13419.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/172784/2/acps13419_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/acps.13419
dc.identifier.sourceActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHankin BL, Kassel JD, Abela JR. Adult attachment dimensions and specificity of emotional distress symptoms: prospective investigations of cognitive risk and interpersonal stress generation as mediating mechanisms. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2005; 31: 136 - 151. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271324
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFraley RC, Davis KE. Attachment formation and transfer in young adults’ close friendships and romantic relationships. Personal Relationships. 1997; 4: 131 - 144. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarkiewicz D, Lawford H, Doyle AB, Haggart N. Developmental differences in adolescents’ and young adults’ use of mothers, fathers, best friends, and romantic partners to fulfill attachment needs. J Youth Adolesc. 2006; 35: 127 - 140. doi: 10.1007/s10964-005-9014-5
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrinke SJ, Bartholomew K. Hierarchies of attachment relationships in young adulthood. J Soc Personal Relat. 1997; 14: 603 - 625. doi: 10.1177/0265407597145002
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMikulincer M, Shaver PR. The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In: Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol 35. Washington, DC: Elsevier Academic Press; 2003: 53 - 152.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCloitre M, Stovall-McClough C, Zorbas P, Charuvastra A. Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories. J Trauma Stress. 2008; 21: 282 - 289. doi: 10.1002/jts.20339
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCohen AN, Hammen C, Henry RM, Daley SE. Effects of stress and social support on recurrence in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004; 82: 143 - 147. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.008
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnson L, Lundström O, Åberg-Wistedt A, Mathé AA. Social support in bipolar disorder: its relevance to remission and relapse. Bipolar Disord. 2003; 5: 129 - 137. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.2003.00021.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMikulincer M, Florian V. Appraisal of and coping with a real-life stressful situation: the contribution of attachment styles. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1995; 21: 406 - 414. doi: 10.1177/0146167295214011
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change, 2 nd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2007.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChatziioannidis S, Andreou C, Agorastos A, et al. The role of attachment anxiety in the relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2019; 276: 223 - 231. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.021
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSitko K, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, O’Sullivan N, Sellwood W. Associations between specific psychotic symptoms and specific childhood adversities are mediated by attachment styles: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Psychiatry Res. 2014; 217: 202 - 209. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.019
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScott M, Rossell SL, Meyer D, Toh WL, Thomas N. Childhood trauma, attachment and negative schemas in relation to negative auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) content. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 290:112997. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112997
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAas M, Henry C, Andreassen OA, Bellivier F, Melle I, Etain B. The role of childhood trauma in bipolar disorders. Int J Bipolar Disorder. 2016; 4: 2 - 10. doi: 10.1186/s40345-015-0042-0
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLippard ETC, Nemeroff CB. The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2020; 177: 20 - 36. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAas M, Henry C, Bellivier F, et al. Affective lability mediates the association between childhood trauma and suicide attempts, mixed episodes and co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorders. Psychol Med. 2017; 47: 902 - 912. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716003081
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEtain B, Lajnef M, Henry C, et al. Childhood trauma, dimensions of psychopathology and the clinical expression of bipolar disorders: a pathway analysis. J Psychiatry Res. 2017; 95: 37 - 45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.013
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarwaha S, Briley PM, Perry A, et al. Explaining why childhood abuse is a risk factor for poorer clinical course in bipolar disorder: a path analysis of 923 people with bipolar I disorder. Psychol Med. 2020; 50 ( 14 ): 2346 - 2354. 10.1017/S0033291719002411
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBassett D, Mulder R, Outhred T, et al. Defining disorders with permeable borders: you say bipolar, I say borderline! Bipolar Disord. 2017; 19: 320 - 323. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12528
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmerman M, Chelminski I, Young D, Dalrymple K, Martinez J. Does the presence of one feature of borderline personality disorder have clinical significance? Implications for dimensional ratings of personality disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012; 73: 8 - 12. doi: 10.4088/JCP.10m06784
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParke RD. Changing family forms: The implications for children’s development. In: Parke RD, Elder GH Jr., eds. Children in changing worlds: sociocultural and temporal perspectives. Cambridge University Press; 2019: 192 - 234.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHunter SC, Riggs DW, Augoustinos M. Constructions of primary caregiving fathers in popular parenting texts. Men Masculinities. 2017; 23: 150 - 169. doi: 10.1177/1097184X17730593
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlameda L, Golay P, Baumann PS, Ferrari C, Do KQ, Conus P. Age at the time of exposure to trauma modulates the psychopathological profile in patients with early psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016; 77: e612 - e618. doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m09947
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlameda L, Ferrari C, Baumann PS, Gholam-Rezaee M, Do KQ, Conus P. Childhood sexual and physical abuse: age at exposure modulates impact on functional outcome in early psychosis patients. Psychol Med. 2015; 45: 2727 - 2736. doi: 10.1017/s0033291715000690
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDiener MJ, Monroe JM. The relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy: a meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy. 2011; 48: 237 - 248. doi: 10.1037/a0022425
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSylvia LG, Hay A, Ostacher MJ, et al. Association between therapeutic alliance, care satisfaction, and pharmacological adherence in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013; 33: 343 - 350. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182900c6f
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStrauss JL, Johnson SL. Role of treatment alliance in the clinical management of bipolar disorder: stronger alliances prospectively predict fewer manic symptoms. Psychiatry Res. 2006; 145: 215 - 223. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.007
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZeber JE, Copeland LA, Good CB, Fine MJ, Bauer MS, Kilbourne AM. Therapeutic alliance perceptions and medication adherence in patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008; 107: 53 - 62. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.026
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReiner I, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van IMH, Fremmer-Bombik E, Beutel M. Adult attachment representation moderates psychotherapy treatment efficacy in clinically depressed inpatients. J Affect Disord. 2016; 195: 163 - 171. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.024
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeutler LE, Forrester B. What needs to change: Moving from “research informed” practice to “empirically effective” practice. J Psychother Int. 2014; 24: 168 - 177. doi: 10.1037/a0037587
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorvath AO, Del Re AC, Flückiger C, Symonds D. Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy. 2011; 48: 9 - 16. doi: 10.1037/a0022186
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorcross JC, Lambert MJ. Psychotherapy relationships that work II. Psychotherapy. 2011; 48: 4 - 8. doi: 10.1037/a0022180
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaylor P, Rietzschel J, Danquah A, Berry K. Changes in attachment representations during psychological therapy. Psychother Res. 2015; 25: 222 - 238. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2014.886791
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoung JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: The Guilford Press; 2003.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilbert P. Attachment theory and compassion focused therapy for depression. In: Attachment theory in adult mental health: a guide to clinical practice. London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group; 2014: 35 - 47.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. The Lancet. 2016; 387: 1561 - 1572. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00241-x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJudd LL, Schettler PJ, Akiskal HS, et al. Residual symptom recovery from major affective episodes in bipolar disorders and rapid episode relapse/recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 386 - 394. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.4.386
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNierenberg AA. Strategies for achieving full remission when first-line antidepressants are not enough. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74: e26. doi: 10.4088/JCP.13018tx3c
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeyer TD, Hautzinger M. Cognitive behaviour therapy and supportive therapy for bipolar disorders: Relapse rates for treatment period and 2-year follow-up. Psychol Med. 2012; 42: 1429 - 1439. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002522
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimhandl C, Konig B, Amann BL. A prospective 4-year naturalistic follow-up of treatment and outcome of 300 bipolar I and II patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014; 75: 254 - 262. doi: 10.4088/JCP.13m08601
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGignac A, McGirr A, Lam RW, Yatham LN. Recovery and recurrence following a first episode of mania: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospectively characterized cohorts. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015; 76: 1241 - 1248. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14r09245
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCopeland WE, Shanahan L, Hinesley J, et al. Association of childhood trauma exposure with adult psychiatric disorders and functional outcomes. JAMA Network Open. 2018; 1: e184493. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSahle BW, Reavley NJ, Li W, et al. The association between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders and suicidality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021. doi: 10.1007/s00787-021-01745-2. Online ahead of print.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAgnew-Blais J, Danese A. Childhood maltreatment and unfavourable clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiat. 2016; 3: 342 - 349. doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00544-1
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCotter J, Kaess M, Yung AR. Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature. Ir J Psychol Med. 2015; 32: 21 - 30. doi: 10.1017/ipm.2014.74
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCotter J, Yung AR. Exploring the impact of adverse childhood experiences on symptomatic and functional outcomes in adulthood: advances, limitations and considerations. Ir J Psychol Med. 2018; 35: 5 - 7. doi: 10.1017/ipm.2017.53
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGumley AI, Taylor HE, Schwannauer M, MacBeth A. A systematic review of attachment and psychosis: measurement, construct validity and outcomes. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014; 129: 257 - 274. doi: 10.1111/acps.12172
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBowlby J. The making and breaking of affectional bonds. Routledge; 2005.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships: exploring the attachment-related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships. 2005; 12: 149 - 168. doi: 10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00108.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaer JC, Martinez CD. Child maltreatment and insecure attachment: a meta-analysis. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2006; 24: 187 - 197. doi: 10.1080/02646830600821231
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCassidy J, Mohr JJ. Unsolvable fear, trauma, and psychopathology: theory, research, and clinical considerations related to disorganized attachment across the life span. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2001; 8: 275 - 298. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.8.3.275
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUnger JAM, De Luca RV. The relationship between childhood physical abuse and adult attachment styles. J Fam Violence. 2014; 29: 223 - 234. doi: 10.1007/s10896-014-9588-3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBriere J, Runtz M, Eadie E, Bigras N, Godbout N. Disengaged parenting: structural equation modeling with child abuse, insecure attachment, and adult symptomatology. Child Abuse Negl. 2017; 67: 260 - 270. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.036
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDion J, Gervais J, Bigras N, Blackburn ME, Godbout N. A longitudinal study of the mediating role of romantic attachment in the relation between child maltreatment and psychological adaptation in emerging adults. J Youth Adolesc. 2019; 48: 2391 - 2402. doi: 10.1007/s10964-019-01073-4
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNosko A, Tieu TT, Lawford H, Pratt MW. How do I love thee? Let me count the ways: parenting during adolescence, attachment styles, and romantic narratives in emerging adulthood. Dev Psychol. 2011; 47: 645 - 657. doi: 10.1037/a0021814
dc.identifier.citedreferencePascuzzo K, Cyr C, Moss E. Longitudinal association between adolescent attachment, adult romantic attachment, and emotion regulation strategies. Attach Hum Dev. 2013; 15: 83 - 103. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2013.745713
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoyle AB, Lawford H, Markiewicz D. Attachment style with mother, father, best friend, and romantic partner during adolescence. J Res Adolesc. 2009; 19: 690 - 714. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00617.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZietlow A-L, Nonnenmacher N, Reck C, et al. Early life maltreatment but not lifetime depression predicts insecure attachment in women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017; 20: 477 - 486. doi: 10.1007/s00737-017-0731-z
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolman TB, Galbraith RC, Mead Timmons N, Steed A, Tobler SB. Threats to parental and romantic attachment figures’ availability and adult attachment insecurity. J Fam Issues. 2008; 30: 413 - 429. doi: 10.1177/0192513X08325013
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGodbout N, Sabourin S, Lussier Y. Child sexual abuse and adult romantic adjustment: comparison of single- and multiple-indicator measures. J Interpers Violence. 2008; 24: 693 - 705. doi: 10.1177/0886260508317179
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGodbout N, Daspe M, Runtz M, Cyr G, Briere J. Childhood maltreatment, attachment, and borderline personality-related symptoms: Gender-specific structural equation models. Psychol Trauma. 2019; 11: 90 - 98. doi: 10.1037/tra0000403
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGodbout N, Briere J, Sabourin S, Lussier Y. Child sexual abuse and subsequent relational and personal functioning: the role of parental support. Child Abuse Negl. 2014; 38: 317 - 325. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.001
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFowler JC, Allen JG, Oldham JM, Frueh BC. Exposure to interpersonal trauma, attachment insecurity, and depression severity. J Affect Disord. 2013; 149: 313 - 318. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.045
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStruck N, Krug A, Feldmann M, et al. Attachment and social support mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2020; 273: 310 - 317. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.041
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHarnic D, Pompili M, Innamorati M, et al. Affective temperament and attachment in adulthood in patients with Bipolar Disorder and Cyclothymia. Compr Psychiatry. 2014; 55: 999 - 1006. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.006
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKefeli MC, Turow RG, Yıldırım A, Boysan M. Childhood maltreatment is associated with attachment insecurities, dissociation and alexithymia in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 260: 391 - 399. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.026
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorriss RK, van der Gucht E, Lancaster G, Bentall RP. Adult attachment in bipolar 1 disorder. Psychol Psychother. 2009; 82: 267 - 277. doi: 10.1348/147608309x415309
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCitak C, Erten E. Impact of childhood trauma and attachment on resilience in remitted patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2021; 280: 219 - 227. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.025
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcInnis MG, Assari S, Kamali M, et al. Cohort profile: the Heinz C. prechter longitudinal study of bipolar disorder. Int J Epidemiol. 2018; 47: 28 - 28n. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyx229
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNurnberger JI Jr, Blehar MC, Kaufmann CA, et al. Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994; 51: 849 - 859; discussion 863–4. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmerican Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4 th ed., Text Revision ed. Author; 2000.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein DP, Fink L, Handelsman L, et al. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. Am J Psychiatry. 1994; 151: 1132 - 1136. doi: 10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiebschutz JM, Buchanan-Howland K, Chen CA, et al. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) correlations with prospective violence assessment in a longitudinal cohort. Psychol Assess. 2018; 30: 841 - 845. doi: 10.1037/pas0000549
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEtain B, Lajnef M, Brichant-Petitjean C, et al. Childhood trauma and mixed episodes are associated with poor response to lithium in bipolar disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017; 135: 319 - 327. doi: 10.1111/acps.12684
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCho Y, Kim D, Kim S-H. Prevalence and clinical correlates of childhood trauma among inpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder: a matched comparison with schizophrenia. Psychosis. 2021; 13: 13 - 23. doi: 10.1080/17522439.2020.1801818
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCascino G, D’Agostino G, Monteleone AM, et al. Childhood maltreatment and clinical response to mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2021; 36 ( 4 ): e2783. doi: 10.1002/hup.2783
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein DP, Fink L. Childhood trauma questionnaire: a retrospective self-report – manual. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation – Harcourt Brace and Company; 1998.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrennan K, Clark C, Shaver P. Self-report measures of adult romantic attachment. In: Simpson J, Rholes W, eds. Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press; 1998: 46 – 76.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960; 23: 56 - 62. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKeller MB, Lavori PW, Friedman B, et al. The longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation. A comprehensive method for assessing outcome in prospective longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987; 44: 540 - 548. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009
dc.identifier.citedreferenceR: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021. Available from: https://www.r-project.org
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R; 2020. Available from: http://www.rstudio.com/
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosseel Y. lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012; 48: 1 - 36. doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 4 th ed. Guilford Press; 2016:xvii, 534-xvii, 534.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLt HU, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Eq Model Multi J. 1999; 6: 1 - 55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBentler PM. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull. 1990; 107: 238 - 246. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996; 1 ( 2 ): 130 - 149. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFraley RC, Waller NG, Brennan KA. An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000; 78: 350 - 365. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.2.350
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books; 1973.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMain M, Weston DR. The quality of the toddler’s relationship to mother and to father: related to conflict behavior and the readiness to establish new relationships. Child Dev. 1981; 52: 932 - 940. doi: 10.2307/1129097
dc.working.doiNOen
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
acps13419.pdf
Size:
388.5KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open
Name:
acps13419_am.pdf
Size:
362.9KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe its collections in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in them. We encourage you to Contact Us anonymously if you encounter harmful or problematic language in catalog records or finding aids. More information about our policies and practices is available at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.