Show simple item record

Family socioeconomic status and children’s screen time

dc.contributor.authorMollborn, Stefanie
dc.contributor.authorLimburg, Aubrey
dc.contributor.authorPace, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorFomby, Paula
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-02T18:55:49Z
dc.date.available2023-09-02 14:55:48en
dc.date.available2022-08-02T18:55:49Z
dc.date.issued2022-08
dc.identifier.citationMollborn, Stefanie; Limburg, Aubrey; Pace, Jennifer; Fomby, Paula (2022). "Family socioeconomic status and children’s screen time." Journal of Marriage and Family 84(4): 1129-1151.
dc.identifier.issn0022-2445
dc.identifier.issn1741-3737
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/173071
dc.description.abstractObjectiveThis mixed-methods study examined whether higher-socioeconomic status (SES) children’s digital technology use adhered to contemporaneous pediatric guidelines, how it compared to lower-SES children, and why, as analyses showed, higher-SES children’s technology use far exceeded pediatric recommendations.Background2013 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines recommended limited “screen time” for children. Higher SES families tend to follow guidelines, but digital technology use—simultaneously a health behavior and a pathway for building human capital—has complex implications.MethodQuantitative analyses provide new nationally representative estimates of the relationship between social class and 9- to 13-year-old children’s technology time (including television), device access, and parenting rules (2014 PSID Child Development Supplement, N = 427). Qualitative analyses of 77 longitudinal higher-SES parent interviews articulated explanatory processes.ResultsHigher-SES children used technology as frequently as others and in excess of recommendations. Their device access, activities, and agency in adhering to rules, however, differed from others. Qualitative analysis uncovered processes that helped explain these findings: parents’ ambivalence about technology and perception that expert guidance is absent or unrealistic, and children’s exercise of agency to use technology facilitated by “concerted cultivation” parenting styles, led to higher-SES individualistic parenting practices that supported children’s increased non-television technology use.ConclusionCultures and structures related to children’s technology use are in flux, and classed norms and understandings are emerging to construct relevant class-based distinctions around parenting.
dc.publisherWiley Subscription Services, Inc.
dc.subject.otherparenting
dc.subject.otherchildren
dc.subject.otherhealth
dc.subject.otherinequalities
dc.subject.othermixed-methodology
dc.subject.othertechnology
dc.titleFamily socioeconomic status and children’s screen time
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelFamily Medicine and Specialties
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychiatry
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173071/1/jomf12834.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173071/2/jomf12834_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jomf.12834
dc.identifier.sourceJournal of Marriage and Family
dc.identifier.citedreferencePanel Study of Income Dynamics. ( 2015 ). 2014 Child Development Supplement: Time diary coding manual. University of Michigan. https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/cds/questionnaires/cds-14/td_Coders_Manual.pdf
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMollborn, S., Rigles, B., & Pace, J. A. ( 2021 ). “Healthier than just healthy”: Families transmitting health as cultural capital. Social Problems, 68 ( 3 ), 574 – 590. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa015
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMullan, K., & Chatzitheochari, S. ( 2019 ). Changing times together? A time-diary analysis of family time in the digital age in the United Kingdom. Journal of Marriage and Family, 81, 795 – 811. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12564
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMullan, K., & Hofferth, S. L. ( 2021 ). A comparative time-diary analysis of UK and US children’s screen time and device use. Child Indicators Research, 1-24, 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-021-09884-3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson, M. K. ( 2010 ). Parenting out of control: Anxious parents in uncertain times. New York University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerry, B. L., & Calarco, J. M. ( 2017 ). Let them eat cake: Socioeconomic status and caregiver indulgence of children’s food and drink requests. In Food systems and health. Emerald Publishing.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePew Research Center. ( 2018 ). Internet/broadband fact sheet. Internet, Science & Tech.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePugh, A. J. ( 2014 ). The theoretical costs of ignoring childhood: Rethinking independence, insecurity, and inequality. Theory and Society, 43 ( 1 ), 71 – 89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-013-9209-9
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRafalow, M. H. ( 2018 ). Disciplining play: Digital youth culture as capital at school. American Journal of Sociology, 123 ( 5 ), 1416 – 1452. https://doi.org/10.1086/695766
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReich, J. A. ( 2016 ). Calling the shots: Why parents reject vaccines. New York University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G., & Roberts, D. F. ( 2010 ). Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8 to 18 year olds. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRideout, V. J., & Robb, M. B. ( 2019 ). The common sense census: Media use by tweens and teens. Common Sense Media.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRobinson, J. P. ( 1985 ). The validity and reliability of diaries versus alternative time use measures. In F. T. Juster & F. P. Stafford (Eds.), Time, goods, and well-being (Vol. 3, pp. 33 – 62 ). Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchneider, D., Hastings, O. P., & LaBriola, J. ( 2018 ). Income inequality and class divides in parental investments. American Sociological Review, 83 ( 3 ), 475 – 507.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScott, M. B., & Lyman, S. M. ( 1968 ). Accounts. American Sociological Review, 33 ( 1 ), 46 – 62. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092239
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSefton-Green, J. ( 2006 ). Youth, technology, and media cultures. In J. Green & A. Luke (Eds.), Review of research in education. Vol. 30, 2006 Rethinking learning: What counts as learning and what learning counts (pp. 279 – 306 ). American Educational Research Association.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeiter, E. ( 1999 ). Power rangers at preschool: Negotiating media in child care settings. In M. Kinder (Ed.), Kids’ media culture (pp. 239 – 262 ). Duke University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShirani, F., Henwood, K., & Coltart, C. ( 2012 ). Meeting the challenges of intensive parenting culture: Gender, risk management and the moral parent. Sociology, 46 ( 1 ), 25 – 40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511416169
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStreib, J. ( 2013 ). Class origin and college graduates’ parenting beliefs. Sociological Quarterly, 54 ( 4 ), 670 – 693. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12037
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSwidler, A. ( 2001 ). Talk of love: How culture matters. University of Chicago Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTalukdar, J., & Linders, A. ( 2013 ). Gender, class aspirations, and emerging fields of body work in urban India. Qualitative Sociology, 36 ( 1 ), 101 – 123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-012-9240-6
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThelen, T., & Haukanes, H. (Eds.). ( 2010 ). Parenting after the century of the child: Travelling ideals, institutional negotiations and individual responses. Ashgate.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTurner, B. S. ( 1984 ). The body and society: Explorations in social theory. Blackwell.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVandewater, E. A., Shim, M.-S., & Caplovitz, A. G. ( 2004 ). Linking obesity and activity level with children’s television and video game use. Journal of Adolescence, 27 ( 1 ), 71 – 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.003
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWartella, E. A., & Jennings, N. ( 2000 ). Children and computers: New technology. Old concerns. The Future of Children, 10, 31 – 43.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZelizer, V. A. ( 1994 ). Pricing the priceless child: The changing social value of children. Princeton University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePugh, A. J. ( 2009 ). Longing and belonging: Parents, children, and consumer culture. University of California Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrazis, H., & Stewart, J. ( 2012 ). How to think about time-use data: What inferences can we make about long-and short-run time use from time diaries? Annals of Economics and Statistics/Annales d’économie et de statistique, 105/106, 231 – 245.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreese, J., & Lutfey, K. ( 2011 ). Fundamental causality: Challenges of an animating concept for medical sociology. In B. A. Pescosolido, J. K. Martin, J. D. McLeod, & A. Rogers (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of health, illness, and healing: A blueprint for the 21st century (pp. 67 – 81 ). Springer.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoode, J. A., Fomby, P., Mollborn, S., & Limburg, A. ( 2020 ). Children’s technology time in two U.S. cohorts, 1997–2016. Child Indicators Research, 13, 1107 – 1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09675-x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreenberg, B. S., & Dominick, J. R. ( 1969 ). Racial and social class differences in teen-agers’ use of television. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 13 ( 4 ), 331 – 344.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamilton, L. T. ( 2016 ). Parenting to a degree: How family matters for college women’s success. University of Chicago Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAAP Council on Communications. ( 2013 ). Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics, 132 ( 5 ), 958 – 961. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2656
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmes, M. G., Go, J., Kaye, J. J., & Spasojevic, M. ( 2011 ). Understanding technology choices and values through social class. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the ACM 2011 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnderson, M., & Jiang, J. ( 2018 ). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Teens-Social-Media-Technology-2018-PEW.pdf
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAugustine, J. M., Cavanagh, S. E., & Crosnoe, R. ( 2009 ). Maternal education, early child care and the reproduction of advantage. Social Forces, 88 ( 1 ), 1 – 29. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.0.0233
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAuxier, B., Anderson, M., Perrin, A., & Turner, E. ( 2020 ). Parenting children in the age of screens. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2020/07/28/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens/
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBourdieu, P. ( 1986 ). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241 – 258 ). Greenwood Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCalarco, J. M. ( 2014 ). Coached for the classroom: Parents’ cultural transmission and children’s reproduction of educational inequalities. American Sociological Review, 79 ( 5 ), 1015 – 1037. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122414546931
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCheadle, J. E., & Amato, P. R. ( 2011 ). A quantitative assessment of Lareau’s qualitative conclusions about class, race, and parenting. Journal of Family Issues, 32 ( 5 ), 679 – 706. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10386305
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChin, T., & Phillips, M. ( 2004 ). Social reproduction and child-rearing practices: Social class, children’s agency, and the summer activity gap. Sociology of Education, 77 ( 3 ), 185 – 210.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoontz, S. ( 1992 ). The way we never were: American families and the nostalgia trap. BasicBooks.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper, M. ( 2014 ). Cut adrift: families in insecure times. University of California Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCorsaro, W. A. ( 2003 ). We’re friends, right?: Inside kids’ cultures. Joseph Henry Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreswell, J. W., Klassen, A. C., Clark, V. L. P., & Smith, K. C. ( 2011 ). Best practices for mixed methods research in the health sciences. https://obssr.od.nih.gov/training/online-training-resources/mixed-methods-research/
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowney, D. B., & Gibbs, B. G. ( 2020 ). Kids these days: Are face-to-face social skills among American children declining? American Journal of Sociology, 125 ( 4 ), 1030 – 1083. https://doi.org/10.1086/707985
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElliott, S., & Bowen, S. ( 2018 ). Defending motherhood: Morality, responsibility, and double binds in feeding children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80 ( 2 ), 499 – 520. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12465
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEvans, C. A., Jordan, A. B., & Horner, J. ( 2011 ). Only two hours? A qualitative study of the challenges parents perceive in restricting child television time. Journal of Family Issues, 32 ( 9 ), 1223 – 1244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11400558
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFomby, P., Goode, J. A., Truong-Vu, K., & Mollborn, S. ( 2021 ). Adolescent technology, sleep, and physical activity time in two US cohorts. Youth & Society, 53 ( 4 ), 585 – 609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X19868365
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHays, S. ( 1996 ). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. Yale University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Chassiakos, Y. L. R., Cross, C., Radesky, J., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., Boyd, R., Mendelson, R., Moreno, M., Swanson, W. S., & Council on Communications and Media. ( 2016 ). Media use in school-aged children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 138 ( 5 ), e20162592. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2592
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofferth, S. L. ( 2006 ). Response bias in a popular indicator of reading to children. Sociological Methodology, 36 ( 1 ), 301 – 315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2006.00182.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofferth, S. L. ( 2010 ). Home media and children’s achievement and behavior. Child Development, 81 ( 5 ), 1598 – 1619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01494.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofferth, S. L., & Sandberg, J. F. ( 2001 ). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63 ( 2 ), 295 – 308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00295.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolstein, J. A., & Gubrium, J. F. ( 1995 ). The active interview (Vol. 37 ). Sage.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHulbert, A. ( 2011 ). Raising America: Experts, parents, and a century of advice about children. Vintage.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIto, M., Baumer, S., Bittanti, M., Boyd, D., Cody, R., Herr-Stephenson, B., Horst, H. A., Lange, P. G., Mahendran, D., Martínez, K. Z., Pascoe, C. J., Perkel, D., Robinson, L., Sims, C., & Tripp, L. M. ( 2019 ). Hanging out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media (10th anniversary edition ed.). MIT Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKhan, S. R. ( 2011 ). Privilege: the making of an adolescent elite at St. Paul’s school. Princeton University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKing, M. D., Jennings, J., & Fletcher, J. M. ( 2014 ). Medical adaptation to academic pressure schooling, stimulant use, and socioeconomic status. American Sociological Review, 79 ( 6 ), 1039 – 1066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122414553657
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKleinrock, L. ( 2008 ). History of the Internet and its flexible future. IEEE Wireless Communications, 15 ( 1 ), 8 – 18. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2008.4454699
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKorp, P. ( 2008 ). The symbolic power of ’healthy lifestyles’. Health Sociology Review, 17 ( 1 ), 18 – 26. https://doi.org/10.5172/hesr.451.17.1.18
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKramer, M. R., Schneider, E. B., Kane, J. B., Margerison-Zilko, C., Jones-Smith, J., King, K., Davis-Kean, P., & Grzywacz, J. G. ( 2017 ). Getting under the skin: Children’s health disparities as embodiment of social class. Population Research and Policy Review, 36 ( 5 ), 671 – 697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-017-9431-7
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLareau, A. ( 2011 ). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. University of California Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLink, B. G., & Phelan, J. ( 1995 ). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 80 – 94.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLittle, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. ( 2014 ). Incomplete data. In Wiley StatsRef: Statistics reference online. Wiley.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLofland, J., Snow, D., Anderson, L., & Lofland, L. H. ( 2006 ). Analyzing social settings: a guide to qualitative observation and analysis ( 4th ed. ). Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLuna, J. K. ( 2019 ). The ease of hard work: Embodied neoliberalism among Rocky Mountain Fun Runners. Qualitative Sociology, 42 ( 2 ), 251 – 271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9412-8
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMacGill, A. ( 2007 ). Parent and teen internet use. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewinternet.org/2007/10/24/parent-and-teen-internet-use/
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMadden, M., Lenhart, A., Duggan, M., Cortesi, S., & Gasser, U. ( 2013 ). Teens and technology 2013. Pew Internet & American Life Project.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMilkie, M. A., & Warner, C. H. ( 2014 ). Status safeguarding: Mothers’ work to secure children’s place in the social hierarchy. In L. R. Ennis (Ed.), Intensive mothering: The cultural contradictions of modern motherhood (pp. 66 – 85 ). Demeter Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMintz, S., & Kellogg, S. ( 1989 ). Domestic revolutions: A social history of American family life. Simon and Schuster.
dc.working.doiNOen
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.