Racial/ethnic variation in family support: African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Latino Whites
dc.contributor.author | Taylor, Robert Joseph | |
dc.contributor.author | Skipper, Antonius D. | |
dc.contributor.author | Cross, Christina J. | |
dc.contributor.author | Taylor, Harry Owen | |
dc.contributor.author | Chatters, Linda M. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-08-02T18:57:35Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-09-02 14:57:34 | en |
dc.date.available | 2022-08-02T18:57:35Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-08 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Taylor, Robert Joseph; Skipper, Antonius D.; Cross, Christina J.; Taylor, Harry Owen; Chatters, Linda M. (2022). "Racial/ethnic variation in family support: African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Latino Whites." Journal of Marriage and Family 84(4): 1002-1023. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-2445 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1741-3737 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/173112 | |
dc.description.abstract | ObjectiveThis study examined racial and ethnic differences in the receipt and provision of instrumental family support.BackgroundExtended families provide significant levels of emotional and instrumental support across the life course. Despite their importance, extended family relationships and the assistance they provide are largely neglected in the literature. Further, questions remain concerning cultural variation in family support relationships and inconsistent findings on racial differences in family support in prior investigations.MethodThis study relied on data from the National Survey of American Life-Reinterview (n = 3483) to investigate the provision and receipt of instrumental support from extended family among African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Latino Whites and within high- and low-income categories for each group. Eight key measures of instrumental family support are examined: receiving and providing transportation, help with chores, financial assistance, and help during an illness.ResultsAfrican Americans and Black Caribbeans share similar profiles of providing and receiving instrumental family support. Both populations receive and provide assistance more frequently than do non-Latino Whites. Similarly, analyses stratified by income indicated that for low-income and high-income groups, African American and Black Caribbeans are similar to one another, and at each income category, both groups received and provided support more frequently than non-Latino Whites.ConclusionStudy findings are discussed in relation to conceptual and methodological differences in assessing Black–White differences across studies of family support. Attention to these issues and the specific contexts for receiving/providing family support (emergency vs. routine; intergenerational vs. extended) will help clarify inconsistent findings across studies. | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. | |
dc.subject.other | interpersonal relationships | |
dc.subject.other | kinship | |
dc.subject.other | race | |
dc.subject.other | social network | |
dc.subject.other | social support | |
dc.subject.other | ethnicity | |
dc.subject.other | family diversity | |
dc.title | Racial/ethnic variation in family support: African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Latino Whites | |
dc.type | Article | |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Psychiatry | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Family Medicine and Specialties | |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173112/1/jomf12846.pdf | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173112/2/jomf12846_am.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/jomf.12846 | |
dc.identifier.source | Journal of Marriage and Family | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McChesney, K. Y., & Bengtson, V. L. ( 1988 ). Solidarity, integration, and cohesion in families: Concepts and theories. In D. J. Mangen, V. L. Bengtson, & P. H. Landry, Jr. (Eds.), Measurement of intergenerational relations (pp. 15 – 30 ). Sage. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jayakody, R. ( 1998 ). Race differences in intergenerational financial assistance: The needs of children and the resources of parents. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 508 – 533. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251398019005002 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kasinitz, P., Waters, M. C., Mollenkopf, J. H., & Anil, M. ( 2002 ). Transnationalism and the children of immigrants in contemporary New York. In The changing face of home: The transnational lives of the second generation (pp. 96 – 122 ). The Russell Sage Foundation. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Krause, N. ( 2006 ). Social relationships in late life. In R. H. Binstock & L. K. George (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp. 181 – 200 ). Academic Press. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | LaVeist, T. A., & McDonald, K. B. ( 2002 ). Race, gender, and educational advantage in the inner city. Social Science Quarterly, 83 ( 3 ), 832 – 852. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.00117 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lincoln, K. D., Chatters, L. M., & Taylor, R. J. ( 2005 ). Social support, traumatic events, and depressive symptoms among African Americans. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67 ( 3 ), 754 – 766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00167.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lincoln, K. D., Taylor, R. J., & Chatters, L. M. ( 2013 ). Correlates of emotional support and negative interaction among African Americans and Black Caribbeans. Journal of Family Issues, 34, 1262 – 1290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12454655 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Logan, J. R. ( 2007 ). Who are the other African Americans? Contemporary African and Caribbean immigrants in the United States. In Y.-S. Taylor & S. A. Tuch (Eds.), The other African Americans: contemporary African and Caribbean immigrants in the United States (pp. 49 – 68 ). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McAdoo, H. P. ( 1978 ). Factors related to stability in upwardly mobile Black families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 40, 761 – 776. https://doi.org/10.2307/351197 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McKinley, B., & Brown, T. L. ( 2020 ). Middle and high income Black families. In Black families: a systems approach (pp. 214 – 232 ). Cognella Publishing. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meschede, T., Darity Jr, W., & Hamilton, D. ( 2015 ). Financial resources in kinship and social networks: Flow and relationship to household wealth by race and ethnicity among Boston residents. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Community Development Discussion Paper, (2015-02). Retrieved from https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/community-development-discussion-paper/2015/financial-resources-in-kinship-and-social-networks-flow-and-relationship-to-household-wealth-by-race-and-ethnicity-among-boston-residents.aspx | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | O’Brien, R. L. ( 2012 ). Depleting capital? Race, wealth and informal financial assistance. Social Forces, 91, 375 – 396. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos132 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Park, S. S. ( 2018 ). Life events and black–white differences in adult children’s financial assistance to mothers. The Gerontologist, 58 ( 5 ), 883 – 893. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx069 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | PEW ( 2016 ). Extended family support and household balance sheets: getting by with a little help from friends and relatives. A brief from the PEW Charitable Trusts. Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2016/03/extended-family-support-and-household-balance-sheets. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Reyes, A., Schoeni, R. F., & Choi, H. ( 2020 ). Race/ethnic differences in spatial distance between adult children and their mothers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82 ( 2 ), 810 – 821. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12614 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Reyes, A. M. ( 2020 ). Mitigating poverty through the formation of extended family households: Race and ethnic differences. Social Problems, 67 ( 4 ), 782 – 799. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz046 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sarkisian, N., & Gerstel, N. ( 2004 ). Kin support among blacks and whites: Race and family organization. American Sociological Review, 69, 812 – 837. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900604 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shapiro, T., Meschede, T., & Osoro, S. ( 2014 ). The widening racial wealth gap: Why wealth is not color blind. In R. Cramer & T. Williams Shanks (Eds.), Assets perspective: the rise of asset building and its impact on social policy (pp. 99 – 122 ). Palgrave Macmillan. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | St. Vil, N. M., McDonald, K. B., & Cross-Barnet, C. ( 2018 ). A qualitative study of black married couples’ relationships with their extended family networks. Families in Society, 99 ( 1 ), 56 – 66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389418756847 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stack, C. B. ( 1974 ). All our kin: strategies for survival in a black community. Harper & Row. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., & Celious, A. K. ( 2003 ). Extended family households among Black Americans. African American Research Perspectives, 9, 133 – 151. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., & Cross, C. J. ( 2021 ). Taking diversity seriously: Within-group heterogeneity in African American extended family support networks. Journal of Marriage and Family, 83 ( 5 ), 1349 – 1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12783 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., Woodward, A. T., & Brown, E. ( 2013 ). Racial and ethnic differences in extended family, friendship, fictive kin and congregational informal support networks. Family Relations, 62, 609 – 624. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12030 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taylor, R. J., Forsythe-Brown, I., Lincoln, K. D., & Chatters, L. M. ( 2017 ). Extended family support networks of Caribbean Black adults in the United States. Journal of Family Issues, 38, 522 – 546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15573868 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wan, W. H., & Antonucci, T. C. ( 2016 ). Social exchange theory and aging. Encyclopedia of Geropsychology, 1 ( 1 ), 1 – 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_285-1 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Waters, M. C. ( 1999 ). Black identities: west Indian immigrant dreams and American realities. Russell Sage Foundation. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yu, Y., & Williams, D. R. ( 1999 ). Socioeconomic status and mental health. In C. S. Aneshensel & J. C. Phelan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 151 – 166 ). Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36223-1_8 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zong, J. & Batalova, J. ( 2019 ). Caribbean immigrants in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states-2017 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cross, C. J. ( 2021 ). Beyond the binary: Intraracial diversity in Black family organization and Black adolescents’ educational performance. Social Problem. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spab050 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Allen, W. R. ( 1978 ). The search for applicable theories of Black family life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 40, 117 – 129. https://doi.org/10.2307/350613 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR). ( 2006 ). Standard definitions: final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys ( 4th ed. ). AAPOR. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Basch, L. ( 2001 ). Transnational social relations and the politics of national identity: An eastern Caribbean case study. In N. Foner (Ed.), Islands in the city: west Indian migration to New York (pp. 117 – 141 ). University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520935808 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bashi, V. F. ( 2007 ). Survival of the knitted: immigrant social networks in a stratified world. Stanford University Press. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Batson, C. B., Qian, Z., & Lichter, D. T. ( 2006 ). Interracial and intraracial patterns of mate selection among America’s diverse Black population. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 658 – 672. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00281.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bengtson, V., Giarrusso, R., Mabry, J. B., & Silverstein, M. ( 2002 ). Solidarity, conflict, and ambivalence: Complementary or competing perspectives on intergenerational relationships? Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 568 – 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00568.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Benin, M., & Keith, V. M. ( 1995 ). The social support of employed Black and Anglo mothers. Journal of Family Issues, 16, 275 – 297. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251395016003003 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Blau, P. M. ( 1986 ). Exchange and power in social life (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chamberlain, M. ( 2003 ). Rethinking Caribbean families: Extending the links. Community, Work & Family, 6, 63 – 77. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366880032000063905 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chatters, L. M., & Jayakody, R. ( 1995 ). Commentary: intergenerational support within African-American families: concepts and methods (pp. 97 – 118 ). Effects of Social Change. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chatters, L. M., Nguyen, A. W., Taylor, R. J., & Hope, M. O. ( 2018 ). Church and family support networks and depressive symptoms among African Americans: Findings from the National Survey of American life. Journal of Community Psychology, 46, 403 – 417. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21947 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Bullard, K. M., & Jackson, J. S. ( 2009 ). Race and ethnic differences in religious involvement: African Americans, Caribbean blacks and non-Hispanic whites. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32 ( 7 ), 1143 – 1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802334531 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Jackson, J. S., & Lincoln, K. D. ( 2008 ). Religious coping among African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites. Journal of Community Psychology, 36, 371 – 386. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20202 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chatters, L. M., Taylor, R. J., Lincoln, K. D., & Schroepfer, T. ( 2002 ). Patterns of informal support from family and church members among African Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 33, 66 – 85. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193470203300104 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chiteji, N. S., & Hamilton, D. ( 2002 ). Family connections and the Black-White wealth gap among middle-class families. The Review of Black Political Economy, 30, 9 – 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02808169 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cross, C. J. ( 2018 ). Extended family households among children in the United States: Differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status. Population Studies, 72 ( 2 ), 235 – 251. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cross, C. J., Nguyen, A. W., Chatters, L. M., & Taylor, R. J. ( 2018 ). Instrumental social support exchanges in African American extended families. Journal of Family Issues, 39, 3535 – 3563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18783805 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cross, C. J., Taylor, R. J., & Chatters, L. M. ( 2018 ). Ethnic and gender differences in family social support among black adolescents. In healthcare (Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 20). Multidisciplinary digital publishing institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6010020 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Daw, J., Verdery, A. M., & Margolis, R. ( 2016 ). Kin count(s): Educational and racial differences in extended kinship in the United States. Population and Development Review, 42 ( 3 ), 491 – 517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2016.00150.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, I., & Gibson, B. E. ( 2002 ). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980-2000). The Gerontologist, 42, 237 – 272. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/42.2.237 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dow, D. M. ( 2016a ). Caring for them like family: How structure and culture simultaneously influence contemporary African American middle-and upper-middle-class mothers’ kin and community child care choices. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2 ( 1 ), 72 – 86. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649215598785 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dow, D. M. ( 2016b ). Integrated motherhood: Beyond hegemonic ideologies of motherhood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78 ( 1 ), 180 – 196. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12264 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Vanderdrift, L. E., Dotterer, A., Birditt, K. S., & Zarit, S. ( 2011 ). Support to aging parents and grown children in Black and White families. The Gerontologist, 51, 441 – 452. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq114 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Forsythe-Brown, I., Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., Govia, I. O., Matusko, N., & Jackson, J. S. ( 2017 ). Kinship support in Jamaican families in the United States and Jamaica. Journal of African American Studies, 21, 187 – 202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-017-9355-7 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Furstenberg, F. F. ( 2020 ). Kinship reconsidered: Research on a neglected topic. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82 ( 1 ), 364 – 382. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12628 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gerstel, N. ( 2011 ). Rethinking families and community: The color, class, and centrality of extended kin ties. Sociological Forum, 26, 1 – 20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01222.x | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gerstel, N., & Gallagher, S. ( 1994 ). Caring for kith and kin: Gender, employment, and the privatization of care. Social Problems, 41, 519 – 539. https://doi.org/10.2307/3096987 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heeringa, S. G., Wagner, J., Torres, M., Duan, N., Adams, T., & Berglund, P. ( 2004 ). Sample designs and sampling methods for the collaborative psychiatric epidemiology studies (CPES). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 221 – 240. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.179 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heflin, C. M., & Pattillo, M. ( 2002 ). Kin effects on Black-White account and home ownership. Sociological Inquiry, 72 ( 2 ), 220 – 239. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-682X.00014 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hill, J. D. ( 2022 ). Kin support of the Black middle class: Negotiating need, norms, and class background. Social Problems, 69 ( 1 ), 3 – 21. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa039 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hogan, D. P., Eggebeen, D. J., & Clogg, C. C. ( 1993 ). The structure of intergenerational exchanges in American families. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 1428 – 1458. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2781826 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Homans, G. ( 1961 ). Social behavior: its elementary forms. Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huo, M., Graham, J. L., Kim, K., Birditt, K. S., & Fingerman, K. L. ( 2019 ). Aging parents’ daily support exchanges with adult children suffering problems. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74 ( 3 ), 449 – 459. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx079 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jackson, J. S., Torres, M., Caldwell, C. H., Neighbors, H. H., Nesse, R., Taylor, R. J., & Williams, D. R. ( 2004 ). The National Survey of American life: A study of racial, ethnic and cultural influences on mental disorders and mental health. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 196 – 207. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.177 | |
dc.working.doi | NO | en |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.