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Temporal refuges of a subordinate carnivore vary across rural–urban gradient
dc.contributor.authorMalhotra, Rumaan
dc.contributor.authorLima, Samantha
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Nyeema C.
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-05T15:51:51Z
dc.date.available2023-10-05 11:51:50en
dc.date.available2022-10-05T15:51:51Z
dc.date.issued2022-09
dc.identifier.citationMalhotra, Rumaan; Lima, Samantha; Harris, Nyeema C. (2022). "Temporal refuges of a subordinate carnivore vary across rural–urban gradient." Ecology and Evolution (9): n/a-n/a.
dc.identifier.issn2045-7758
dc.identifier.issn2045-7758
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/174925
dc.description.abstractAnimals exhibit variation in their space and time use across an urban–rural gradient. As the top-down influences of apex predators wane due to human-driven declines, landscape-level anthropogenic pressures are rising. Human impacts can be analogous to apex predators in that humans can drive increased mortality in both prey species and carnivores, and impact communities through indirect fear effects and food subsidies. Here, we evaluate the time use of a common mesocarnivore across an urban–rural gradient and test whether it is influenced by the intensity of the use of a larger carnivore. Using multiple camera-trap surveys, we compared the temporal response of a small carnivore, the raccoon (Procyon lotor), to the larger coyote (Canis latrans) in four study areas across Michigan that represented a gradient of pressure from humans. We found that raccoon time use varied by study area and was most unique at the rural extreme. Raccoons consistently did not shift their activity pattern in response to coyotes in the study area with the highest anthropogenic pressures despite the considerable interannual variation, and instead showed stronger responses to coyotes in more rural study areas. Temporal shifts were characterized by raccoons being more diurnal in areas of high coyote activity. We conclude that raccoons may shift time use in the presence of coyotes, dependent on the level of anthropogenic pressure. Our results highlight that the variation in raccoon time use across the entirety of the urban–rural gradient needed to be considered, as anthropogenic pressures may dominate and obscure the dynamics of this interaction.Anthropogenic forces can alter temporal interactions between species. We compared the time use of a small carnivore across an urban-rural gradient, and tested whether it responded to the presence of a larger carnivore. We found that both time use and the response to a larger carnivore varied along the gradient, especially at the extremes.
dc.publisherSpringer Netherlands
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.subject.otherlandscape of fear
dc.subject.otherMichigan
dc.subject.otherniche
dc.subject.otherpartitioning
dc.subject.otherraccoon
dc.subject.othercoyote
dc.titleTemporal refuges of a subordinate carnivore vary across rural–urban gradient
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelEcology and Evolutionary Biology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScience
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/174925/1/ece39310.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/174925/2/ece39310_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ece3.9310
dc.identifier.sourceEcology and Evolution
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dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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