View Item 

Show simple item record

Environmental contaminants and child development: Developmentally-informed opportunities and recommendations for integrating and informing child environmental health science
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Alison L.
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-05T15:54:19Z
dc.date.available2023-04-05 11:54:17en
dc.date.available2022-10-05T15:54:19Z
dc.date.issued2022-03
dc.identifier.citationMiller, Alison L. (2022). "Environmental contaminants and child development: Developmentally-informed opportunities and recommendations for integrating and informing child environmental health science." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2022(181-182): 173-193.
dc.identifier.issn1520-3247
dc.identifier.issn1534-8687
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/174978
dc.description.abstractChild environmental health (CEH) science has identified numerous effects of early life exposures to common, ubiquitous environmental toxicants. CEH scientists have documented the costs not only to individual children but also to population-level health effects of such exposures. Importantly, such risks are unequally distributed in the population, with historically marginalized communities and the children living in these communities receiving the most damaging exposures. Developmental science offers a lens and set of methodologies to identify nuanced biological and behavioral processes that drive child development across physical, cognitive, and socioemotional domains. Developmental scientists are also experts in considering the multiple, hierarchically-layered contexts that shape development alongside toxicant exposure. Such contexts and the individuals acting within them make up an overarching “child serving ecosystem” spanning systems and sectors that serve children directly and indirectly. Articulating how biobehavioral mechanisms and social–ecological contexts unfold from a developmental perspective are needed in order to inform CEH translation and intervention efforts across this child-serving ecosystem. Developmentalists can also benefit from integrating CEH science findings in their work by considering the role of the physical environment, and environmental toxicants specifically, on child health and development. Building on themes that were laid out by Trentacosta and Mulligan in 2020, this commentary presents recommendations for connecting developmental and CEH science and for translating such work so that it can be used to promote child development in an equitable manner across this child-serving ecosystem. These opportunities include (1) Using Developmentally-Informed Conceptual Models; (2) Applying Creative, Sophisticated, and Rigorous Methods; (3) Integrating Developmentally-Sensitive Intervention Considerations; and (4) Establishing Interdisciplinary Collaborations and Cross-Sector Partnerships.
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.
dc.publisher. National Center for Children in Poverty, Brief, Columbia University
dc.subject.otherdevelopmental
dc.subject.otherenvironmental toxicants
dc.subject.otherchild health
dc.subject.othertranslation
dc.subject.otherintervention
dc.titleEnvironmental contaminants and child development: Developmentally-informed opportunities and recommendations for integrating and informing child environmental health science
dc.typeArticle
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollow
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelSocial Work
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychology
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciences
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Reviewed
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/174978/1/cad20479.pdf
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/174978/2/cad20479_am.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/cad.20479
dc.identifier.sourceNew Directions for Child and Adolescent Development
dc.identifier.citedreferenceQuerdibitty, C. D., Wetherill, M. S., Sisson, S. B., Williams, B., Aithinne, K., Seo, H., Inhofe, N. R., Campbell, J., Slawinski, M., & Salvatore, A. L. ( 2022 ). Cleaning products commonly used in Oklahoma family child care homes: Implications for respiratory risk and children’s health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 ( 7 ), 4299.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimcox, N. J., Fenske, R. A., Wolz, S. A., Lee, I.-C., & Kalman, D. A. ( 1995 ). Pesticides in household dust and soil: Exposure pathways for children of agricultural families. Environmental Health Perspectives, 103 ( 12 ), 1126 – 1134.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimonds, V. W., Kim, F. L., LaVeaux, D., Pickett, V., Milakovich, J., & Cummins, J. ( 2019 ). Guardians of the living water: Using a health literacy framework to evaluate a child as change agent intervention. Health Education & Behaviour, 46 ( 2 ), 349 – 359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198118798676
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpear, L. P. ( 2007 ). Assessment of adolescent neurotoxicity: Rationale and methodological considerations. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 29 ( 1 ), 1 – 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.006
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSteinle, S., Reis, S., & Sabel, C. E. ( 2013 ). Quantifying human exposure to air pollution—Moving from static monitoring to spatio-temporally resolved personal exposure assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 443, 184 – 193.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStieb, D. M., Huang, A., Hocking, R., Crouse, D. L., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., & Villeneuve, P. J. ( 2019 ). Using maps to communicate environmental exposures and health risks: Review and best-practice recommendations. Environmental Research, 176, 108518.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStingone, J. A., Sedlar, S., Lim, S., & McVeigh, K. H. ( 2022 ). Receipt of early intervention services before age 3 years and performance on third-grade standardized tests among children exposed to lead. JAMA Pediatrics, 176 ( 5 ), 478 – 485.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrentacosta, C. J., Davis-Kean, P., Mitchell, C., Hyde, L., & Dolinoy, D. ( 2016 ). Environmental contaminants and child development. Child Development Perspectives, 10 ( 4 ), 228 – 233.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTrentacosta, C. J., & Mulligan, D. J. ( 2020 ). New directions in understanding the role of environmental contaminants in child development: Four themes. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020 ( 172 ), 39 – 51.
dc.identifier.citedreferencevan Ijzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Coughlan, B., & Reijman, S. ( 2020 ). Annual research review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: Differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61 ( 3 ), 272 – 290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13147
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeisglas-Kuperus, N., Vreugdenhil, H. J. I., & Mulder, P. G. H. ( 2004 ). Immunological effects of environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in Dutch school children. Toxicology Letters, 149 ( 1 ), 281 – 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.039
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWelch, M. G., Barone, J. L., Porges, S. W., Hane, A. A., Kwon, K. Y., Ludwig, R. J., Stark, R. I., Surman, A. L., Kolacz, J., & Myers, M. M. ( 2020 ). Family nurture intervention in the NICU increases autonomic regulation in mothers and children at 4–5 years of age: Follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial. PloS One, 15 ( 8 ), e0236930.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWhyatt, R. M., Liu, X., Rauh, V. A., Calafat, A. M., Just, A. C., Hoepner, L., Diaz, D., Quinn, J., Adibi, J., & Perera, F. P. ( 2012 ). Maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and child mental, psychomotor, and behavioral development at 3 years of age. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120 ( 2 ), 290 – 295.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWillis, D. W., & Eddy, J. M. ( 2022 ). Early relational health: Innovations in child health for promotion, screening, and research. Infant Mental Health Journal, 43, 361 – 372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWine, O., Ambrose, S., Campbell, S., Villeneuve, P. J., Burns, K. K., & Vargas, A. O. ( 2017 ). Key components of collaborative research in the context of environmental health: A scoping review. Journal of Research Practice, 13 ( 2 ), R2.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWong, C., Wu, H.-C., Cleary, E. G., Patton, A. P., Xie, A., Grinstein, G., Koch-Weser, S., & Brugge, D. ( 2019 ). Visualizing air pollution: Communication of environmental health information in a Chinese immigrant community. Journal of Health Communication, 24 ( 4 ), 339 – 358.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWoolf, A., Alpert, H. R., Garg, A., & Lesko, S. ( 2001 ). Adolescent occupational toxic exposures: A national study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155 ( 6 ), 704 – 710. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.6.704
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWoolf, A. D., & Brown, M. J. ( 2022 ). Old adversary, new challenges: Childhood lead exposure and testing. Pediatrics, 149 ( 5 ), 704 – 710. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-055944
dc.identifier.citedreferenceXie, S., Meeker, J. R., Perez, L., Eriksen, W., Localio, A., Park, H., Jen, A., Goldstein, M., Temeng, A. F., & Morales, S. M. ( 2021 ). Feasibility and acceptability of monitoring personal air pollution exposure with sensors for asthma self-management. Asthma Research and Practice, 7 ( 1 ), 1 – 11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYeager, D. S., Dahl, R. E., & Dweck, C. S. ( 2018 ). Why Interventions to influence adolescent behavior often fail but could succeed. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13 ( 1 ), 101 – 122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617722620
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZajac, L., Johnson, S. A., & Hauptman, M. ( 2020 ). Doc, can you test me for “toxic metals”? Challenges of testing for toxicants in patients with environmental concerns. Current Problems in Pediatric Adolescent Health Care, 50 ( 2 ), 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100762
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmerman, E., Borkowski, C., Clark, S., & Brown, P. ( 2018 ). Educating speech-language pathologists working in early intervention on environmental health. BMC Medical Education, 18, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1266-3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmerman, M. A., Stoddard, S. A., Eisman, A. B., Caldwell, C. H., Aiyer, S. M., & Miller, A. ( 2013 ). Adolescent resilience: Promotive factors that inform prevention. Child Development Perspectives, 7 ( 4 ), 197. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12042
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoucher, O., Muckle, G., Jacobson, J. L., Carter, R. C., Kaplan-Estrin, M., Ayotte, P., Dewailly, É., & Jacobson, S. W. ( 2014 ). Domain-specific effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs, mercury, and lead on infant cognition: Results from the environmental contaminants and child development study in Nunavik. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122 ( 3 ), 310 – 316.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraun, J. M. ( 2017 ). Early-life exposure to EDCs: Role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13 ( 3 ), 161 – 173.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlkon, A., Gunier, R. B., Hazard, K., Castorina, R., Hoffman, P. D., Scott, R. P., Anderson, K. A., & Bradman, A. ( 2022 ). Preschool-age children’s pesticide exposures in child care centers and at home in Northern California. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 36 ( 1 ), 34 – 45.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmoah, A. O., Witherspoon, N. O., Pérodin, J., & Paulson, J. A. ( 2016 ). Findings from a pilot environmental health intervention at early childhood centers in the District of Columbia. Journal of Public Health, 38 ( 3 ), e209 – e217.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachrach, A., Higgins, L. B., & Stagman, S. M. ( 2010 ). Environmental health in early childhood systems building: Opportunities for states. National Center for Children in Poverty, Brief, Columbia University. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85D90TW
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBailey, K. A., Smith, A. H., Tokar, E. J., Graziano, J. H., Kim, K. W., Navasumrit, P., Ruchirawat, M., Thiantanawat, A., Suk, W. A., & Fry, R. C. ( 2016 ). Mechanisms underlying latent disease risk associated with early-life arsenic exposure: Current research trends and scientific gaps. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124 ( 2 ), 170 – 175. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409360
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. ( 2015 ). The hidden efficacy of interventions: Gene×environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 381 – 409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015407
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarouki, R., Gluckman, P. D., Grandjean, P., Hanson, M., & Heindel, J. J. ( 2012 ). Developmental origins of non-communicable disease: Implications for research and public health. Environmental Health, 11 ( 1 ), 1 – 9.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBearer, C. F. ( 1995 ). How are children different from adults? Environmental Health Perspectives, 103 (suppl 6 ), 7 – 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeery, A. K., & Francis, D. D. ( 2011 ). Adaptive significance of natural variations in maternal care in rats: A translational perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35 ( 7 ), 1552 – 1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.012
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBelsky, J., Pokhvisneva, I., Rema, A. S. S., Broekman, B. F. P., Pluess, M., O’Donnell, K. J., Meaney, M. J., & Silveira, P. P. ( 2019 ). Polygenic differential susceptibility to prenatal adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 31 ( 2 ), 439 – 441. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000378
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBennett, D., Bellinger, D. C., Birnbaum, L. S., DABT, A. T. S., Bradman, A., Chen, A., Cory-Slechta, D. A., Engel, S. M., & Fallin, M. D. ( 2016 ). Project TENDR: Targeting environmental neuro-developmental risks the TENDR consensus statement. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124 ( 7 ), A118 – A122.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBinder, A. R., May, K., Murphy, J., Gross, A., & Carlsten, E. ( 2022 ). Environmental health literacy as knowing, feeling, and believing: Analyzing linkages between race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status and willingness to engage in protective behaviors against health threats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 ( 5 ), 2701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052701
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBinns, H. J., Campbell, C., & Brown, M. J., & Prevention, f. t. A. C. o. C. L. P. ( 2007 ). Interpreting and managing blood lead levels of less than 10 μg/dL in children and reducing childhood exposure to lead: Recommendations of the centers for disease control and prevention advisory committee on childhood lead poisoning prevention. Pediatrics, 120 ( 5 ), e1285 – e1298. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1770
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBirnbaum, L. S. ( 2018 ). Moving NIEHS forward for the next five years. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126 ( 9 ).
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack, K., Shalat, S. L., Freeman, N. C., Jimenez, M., Donnelly, K. C., & Calvin, J. A. ( 2005 ). Children’s mouthing and food-handling behavior in an agricultural community on the US/Mexico border. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 15 ( 3 ), 244 – 251.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBogar, S., Szabo, A., Woodruff, S., & Johnson, S. ( 2017 ). Urban youth knowledge and attitudes regarding lead poisoning. Journal of Community Health, 42 ( 6 ), 1255 – 1266.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoronow, K. E., Susmann, H. P., Gajos, K. Z., Rudel, R. A., Arnold, K. C., Brown, P., Morello-Frosch, R., Havas, L., & Brody, J. G. ( 2017 ). DERBI: A digital method to help researchers offer “right-to-know” personal exposure results. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125 ( 2 ), A27 – A33.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrickle, M. B., & Evans-Agnew, R. ( 2017 ). Photovoice and youth empowerment in environmental justice research: A pilot study examining woodsmoke pollution in a Pacific Northwest community. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 34 ( 2 ), 89 – 101. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2017.1304148
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBronfenbrenner, U. ( 1979 ). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown, P., Clark, S., Zimmerman, E., Valenti, M., & Miller, M. D. ( 2019 ). Health professionals’ environmental health literacy. In: Finn, S., O’Fallon, L. (Eds.), Environmental Health Literacy, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94108-0_8
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuck Louis, G. M., Smarr, M. M., & Patel, C. J. ( 2017 ). The exposome research paradigm: An opportunity to understand the environmental basis for human health and disease. Current Environmental Health Reports, 4 ( 1 ), 89 – 98.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuck Louis, G. M., Yeung, E., Sundaram, R., Laughon, S. K., & Zhang, C. ( 2013 ). The exposome–exciting opportunities for discoveries in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 27 ( 3 ), 229 – 236. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12040
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaplin, A., Ghandehari, M., Lim, C., Glimcher, P., & Thurston, G. ( 2019 ). Advancing environmental exposure assessment science to benefit society. Nature Communications, 10 ( 1 ), 1 – 11.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCardarelli, K. M., Ickes, M., Huntington-Moskos, L., Wilmhoff, C., Larck, A., Pinney, S. M., & Hahn, E. J. ( 2021 ). Authentic youth engagement in environmental health research and advocacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 ( 4 ), 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042154
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCastner, J., Huntington-Moskos, L., & May, A. ( 2022 ). Generating data visualizations of longitudinal cohort ambient air pollution exposure: Report-back intervention development in participatory action research. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 40 ( 1 ), 44 – 52.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. ( 2009 ). The past achievements and future promises of developmental psychopathology: The coming of age of a discipline. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50 ( 1-2 ), 16 – 25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01979.x
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClaudio, L., Torres, T., Sanjurjo, E., Sherman, L. R., & Landrigan, P. J. ( 1998 ). Environmental health sciences education – A tool for achieving environmental equity and protecting children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106 (suppl 3 ), 849 – 855.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCommodore, A., Wilson, S., Muhammad, O., Svendsen, E., & Pearce, J. ( 2017 ). Community-based participatory research for the study of air pollution: A review of motivations, approaches, and outcomes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189 ( 8 ), 378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6063-7
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper, S. M., Hurd, N. M., & Loyd, A. B. ( 2022 ). Advancing scholarship on anti-racism within developmental science: Reflections on the special section and recommendations for future research. Child Development, 93, 619 – 632.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCrone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. ( 2012 ). Understanding adolescence as a period of social–affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13 ( 9 ), 636 – 650. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavis, A. N., Carlo, G., Gulseven, Z., Palermo, F., Lin, C.-H., Nagel, S. C., Vu, D. C., Vo, P. H., Ho, T. L., & McElroy, J. A. ( 2019 ). Exposure to environmental toxicants and young children’s cognitive and social development. Reviews on Environmental Health, 34 ( 1 ), 35 – 56.
dc.identifier.citedreferencede Villiers, B., Lionetti, F., & Pluess, M. ( 2018 ). Vantage sensitivity: A framework for individual differences in response to psychological intervention. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53 ( 6 ), 545 – 554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1471-0
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDorn, L. D., Dahl, R. E., Woodward, H. R., & Biro, F. ( 2006 ). Defining the boundaries of early adolescence: A user’s guide to assessing pubertal status and pubertal timing in research with adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 10 ( 1 ), 30 – 56. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532480xads1001_3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDugershaw, B. B., Aengenheister, L., Hansen, S. S. K., Hougaard, K. S., & Buerki-Thurnherr, T. ( 2020 ). Recent insights on indirect mechanisms in developmental toxicity of nanomaterials. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 17 ( 1 ), 1 – 22.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEngle, P. L., Black, M. M., Behrman, J. R., Cabral de Mello, M., Gertler, P. J., Kapiriri, L., Martorell, R., & Young, M. E. ( 2007 ). Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world. The Lancet, 369 ( 9557 ), 229 – 242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60112-3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEskenazi, B., Chevrier, J., Rauch, S. A., Kogut, K., Harley, K. G., Johnson, C., Trujillo, C., Sjödin, A., & Bradman, A. ( 2013 ). In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121 ( 2 ), 257 – 262.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEskenazi, B., Gladstone, E. A., Berkowitz, G. S., Drew, C. H., Faustman, E. M., Holland, N. T., Lanphear, B., Meisel, S. J., Perera, F. P., & Rauh, V. A. ( 2005 ). Methodologic and logistic issues in conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies: Lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 ( 10 ), 1419 – 1429.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEttinger, A. S., Leonard, M. L., & Mason, J. ( 2019 ). CDC’s lead poisoning prevention program: A long-standing responsibility and commitment to protect children from lead exposure. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice: JPHMP, 25, (Suppl 1 LEAD POISONING PREVENTION), S5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEvans-Agnew, R. A., Postma, J., Ochoa Camacho, A., Hershberg, R. M., Trujilio, E., & Tinajera, M. ( 2018 ). Development and pilot testing of a bilingual environmental health assessment tool to promote asthma-friendly childcares. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 12 ( 1 ), 35 – 44. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2018.0004
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFinn, S., & Collman, G. ( 2016 ). The pivotal role of the social sciences in environmental health sciences research. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 26 ( 3 ), 389 – 411.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFinn, S., & O’Fallon, L. ( 2017 ). The emergence of environmental health literacy—From its roots to its future potential. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125 ( 4 ), 495 – 501.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarner, A., Yogman, M., Child, C. o. P. A. o., & Health, F. ( 2021 ). Preventing childhood toxic stress: Partnering with families and communities to promote relational health. Pediatrics, 148 ( 2 ), e2021052582.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGauvain, M. ( 2018 ). From developmental psychologist to water scientist and back again: The role of interdisciplinary research in developmental science. Child Development Perspectives, 12 ( 1 ), 45 – 50. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12255
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilden, R., Friedmann, E., Spanier, A., & Hennigan, C. ( 2021 ). Indoor air quality monitoring in Baltimore City, MD head start centers. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 1 – 8.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilden, R., McElroy, K., Friedmann, E., Spanier, A., Son, H., Witherspoon, N. O., & Pauk, H. ( 2018 ). Train-the-trainer approach in the eco-healthy child care® program. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 5 ( 2 ), 59 – 65.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGluckman, P. D., Buklijas, T., & Hanson, M. A. ( 2016 ). The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept: Past, present, and future. In The epigenome and developmental origins of health and disease (pp. 1 – 15 ). Elsevier.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGolub, M. S. ( 2000 ). Adolescent health and the environment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108 ( 4 ), 355 – 362.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGray, K. M. ( 2018 ). From content knowledge to community change: A review of representations of environmental health literacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 ( 3 ), 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030466
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreen, R., Lanphear, B., Phipps, E., Goodman, C., Joy, J., Rihani, S., Flora, D., & Till, C. ( 2022 ). Development and validation of the prevention of toxic chemicals in the environment for children tool: a questionnaire for examining the community’s knowledge of and preferences toward toxic chemicals and children’s brain development. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 863071. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.863071
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrube, W. A., & Liming, K. W. ( 2018 ). Attachment and biobehavioral catch-up: A systematic review. Infant Mental Health Journal, 39 ( 6 ), 656 – 673.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHalfon, N., Larson, K., Lu, M., Tullis, E., & Russ, S. ( 2014 ). Lifecourse health development: Past, present and future. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18 ( 2 ), 344 – 365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1346-2
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamp, N., Zimmerman, A., & Hoffen, J. ( 2018 ). Advocating for automatic eligibility for early intervention services for children exposed to lead. Pediatric Annals, 47 ( 10 ), e413 – e418. https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20180924-01
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHanna-Attisha, M., Hamp, N., & O’Connell, L. ( 2022 ). Promise of early intervention for children exposed to lead. JAMA Pediatrics, 176 ( 5 ), 446 – 448.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHanna-Attisha, M., LaChance, J., Sadler, R. C., & Champney Schnepp, A. ( 2016 ). Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the Flint drinking water crisis: A spatial analysis of risk and public health response. American Journal of Public Health, 106 ( 2 ), 283 – 290.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHanson, J. L., Nacewicz, B. M., Sutterer, M. J., Cayo, A. A., Schaefer, S. M., Rudolph, K. D., Shirtcliff, E. A., Pollak, S. D., & Davidson, R. J. ( 2015 ). Behavioral problems after early life stress: Contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Biological Psychiatry, 77 ( 4 ), 314 – 323.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHarry, G. J., McBride, S., Witchey, S. K., Mhaouty-Kodja, S., Trembleau, A., Bridge, M., & Bencsik, A. ( 2022 ). Roadbumps at the crossroads of integrating behavioral and in vitro approaches for neurotoxicity assessment. Frontiers in Toxicology, 4, 812863. https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2022.812863
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHartley, J. M., Lobatos, S., Daniel, J. L., & Lung, T. ( 2021 ). Empowering environmental justice decision makers: increasing educational resources for us environmental protection agency’s mapping tools. Environmental Justice, 14 ( 5 ), 383 – 390.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaynes, E. N., Elam, S., Burns, R., Spencer, A., Yancey, E., Kuhnell, P., Alden, J., Walton, M., Reynolds, V., Newman, N., Wright, R. O., Parsons, P. J., Praamsma, M. L., Palmer, C. D., & Dietrich, K. N. ( 2016 ). Community engagement and data disclosure in environmental health research. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124 ( 2 ), A24 – A27. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510411
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeim, C. M., Entringer, S., & Buss, C. ( 2019 ). Translating basic research knowledge on the biological embedding of early-life stress into novel approaches for the developmental programming of lifelong health. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 105, 123 – 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.011
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHennig, B., Ormsbee, L., McClain, C. J., Watkins, B. A., Blumberg, B., Bachas, L. G., Sanderson, W., Thompson, C., & Suk, W. A. ( 2012 ). Nutrition can modulate the toxicity of environmental pollutants: Implications in risk assessment and human health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120 ( 6 ), 771 – 774.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHirtz, D., Campbell, C., & Lanphear, B. ( 2017 ). Targeting environmental neurodevelopmental risks to protect children. Pediatrics, 139 ( 2 ), e20162245.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHubal, E. A. C., DeLuca, N. M., Mullikin, A., Slover, R., Little, J. C., & Reif, D. M. ( 2022 ). Demonstrating a systems approach for integrating disparate data streams to inform decisions on children’s environmental health. BMC Public Health, 22 ( 1 ), 313. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12682-3
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIsrael, B. A., Parker, E. A., Rowe, Z., Salvatore, A., Minkler, M., López, J., Butz, A., Mosley, A., Coates, L., & Lambert, G. ( 2005 ). Community-based participatory research: Lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 ( 10 ), 1463 – 1471.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJimenez, M. E., Barg, F. K., Guevara, J. P., Gerdes, M., & Fiks, A. G. ( 2012 ). Barriers to evaluation for early intervention services: parent and early intervention employee perspectives. Academic Pediatrics, 12 ( 6 ), 551 – 557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2012.08.006
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnston, J. E., Juarez, Z., Navarro, S., Hernandez, A., & Gutschow, W. ( 2019 ). Youth engaged participatory air monitoring: A‘day in the life’ in urban environmental justice communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 ( 1 ), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010093
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKilpatrick, N., Frumkin, H., Trowbridge, J., Escoffery, C., Geller, R., Rubin, L., Teague, G., & Nodvin, J. ( 2002 ). The environmental history in pediatric practice: A study of pediatricians’ attitudes, beliefs, and practices. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 ( 8 ), 823 – 827.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKoester, B. D., Sloane, S., Fujimoto, E. M., Fiese, B. H., & Leona Yi-Fan, S. ( 2021 ). What do childcare providers know about environmental influences on children’s health? Implications for environmental health literacy efforts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 ( 10 ), 5489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105489
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKonijnenberg, C. ( 2015 ). Methodological issues in assessing the impact of prenatal drug exposure. Substance Abuse, 9 (Suppl 2 ), 39 – 44. https://doi.org/10.4137/sart.s23544
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKorfmacher, K. S. ( 2020 ). Bridging silos: A research agenda for local environmental health initiatives. New Solutions, 30 ( 3 ), 173 – 182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1048291120947370
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKorfmacher, K. S., Pettibone, K. G., Gray, K. M., & Newman, O. D. ( 2016 ). Collaborating for systems change: A social science framework for academic roles in community partnerships. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, 26 ( 3 ), 429 – 457.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLancet, T. ( 2016 ). Series advancing early childhood development: From science to scale. Retrieved from www.thelancet.com/series/ECD2016
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLandrigan, P. J., Schechter, C. B., Lipton, J. M., Fahs, M. C., & Schwartz, J. ( 2002 ). Environmental pollutants and disease in American children: Estimates of morbidity, mortality, and costs for lead poisoning, asthma, cancer, and developmental disabilities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 ( 7 ), 721 – 728.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLanphear, B. P., Hornung, R., Khoury, J., Yolton, K., Baghurst, P., Bellinger, D. C., Canfield, R. L., Dietrich, K. N., Bornschein, R., & Greene, T. ( 2005 ). Low-level environmental lead exposure and children’s intellectual function: An international pooled analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 ( 7 ), 894 – 899.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLee, K., Gjersoe, N., O’Neill, S., & Barnett, J. ( 2020 ). Youth perceptions of climate change: A narrative synthesis. WIREs Climate Change, 11 ( 3 ), e641. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.641
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeech, T. G., Adams, E. A., Weathers, T. D., Staten, L. K., & Filippelli, G. M. ( 2016 ). Inequitable chronic lead exposure: A dual legacy of social and environmental injustice. Fam Community Health, 39 ( 3 ), 151 – 159. https://doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000106
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLerner, R. M. ( 1991 ). Changing organism-context relations as the basic process of development: A developmental contextual perspective. Developmental Psychology, 27 ( 1 ), 27 – 32. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.27 (Canalization of Behavioral Development)
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLerner, R. M., Leonard, K., Fay, K., & Issac, S. S. ( 2011 ). Continuity and discontinuity in development across the life span: A developmental systems perspective. In Handbook of life-span development. (pp. 141 – 160 ). Springer Publishing Company.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeung, A. K., & Hon, K. L. ( 2019 ). Pica: A common condition that is commonly missed-an update review. Current Pediatric Reviews, 15 ( 3 ), 164 – 169.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeWinn, K. Z., Caretta, E., Davis, A., Anderson, A. L., & Oken, E., & of program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health, O. ( 2021 ). SPR perspectives: Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program: Overcoming challenges to generate engaged, multidisciplinary science. Pediatric Research, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-021-01598-0
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewis, A. J., Galbally, M., Gannon, T., & Symeonides, C. ( 2014 ). Early life programming as a target for prevention of child and adolescent mental disorders. BMC Medicine, 12 ( 1 ), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-12-33
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiang, L., Gong, P., Cong, N., Li, Z., Zhao, Y., & Chen, Y. ( 2019 ). Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution: The first result of City Health Outlook (CHO) project. BMC Public Health, 19 ( 1 ), 1 – 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLichtveld, M., Goldstein, B., Grattan, L., & Mundorf, C. ( 2016 ). Then and now: Lessons learned from community-academic partnerships in environmental health research. Environmental Health, 15 ( 1 ), 1 – 4.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMadrigal, D. S., Minkler, M., Parra, K. L., Mundo, C., Gonzalez, J. E. C., Jimenez, R., Vera, C., & Harley, K. G. ( 2016 ). Improving Latino youths’ environmental health literacy and leadership skills through participatory research on chemical exposures in cosmetics: The HERMOSA study. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 36 ( 4 ), 231 – 240.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMasten, A. S. ( 2021 ). Resilience of children in disasters: A multisystem perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 56 ( 1 ), 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12737
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMayes, L. C., & Ward, A. ( 2003 ). Principles of neurobehavioral teratology. Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms of Psychopathology, 3 – 22.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcKeon, T. P. S., Frances, S., & Howarth, M. V. ( 2021 ). Enhancing environmental health literacy about the asthma – Air pollution connection at childcare centers in asthma prevalent Philadelphia neighborhoods. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 14 ( 3 ), 5.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMielke, H. W., & Reagan, P. L. ( 1998 ). Soil is an important pathway of human lead exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106 (Suppl 1 ), 217 – 229.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller, A. L., Stein, S. F., Sokol, R., Varisco, R., Trout, P., Julian, M. M., Ribaudo, J., Kay, J., Pilkauskas, N. V., Gardner-Neblett, N., Herrenkohl, T. I., Zivin, K., Muzik, M., & Rosenblum, K. L. ( 2022 ). From zero to thrive: A model of cross-system and cross-sector relational health to promote early childhood development across the child-serving ecosystem. Infant Mental Health Journal, 43 ( 4 ), 624 – 637. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21996
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller, A. L., Varisco, R., Charles, S., Haan, P., Stein, S. F., Hernandez, J., Riley, H. O., Sokol, R., Trout, P., & Arboleda, L. ( 2022 ). Parenting and lead mitigation at home: A multifaceted community partnership model promoting parent engagement in lead exposure prevention. Health Promotion Practice, https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399221092998
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiller, M. D., Valenti, M., Schettler, T., & Tencza, B. ( 2016 ). A multimedia E-book – A story of health: Filling a gap in environmental health literacy for health professionals. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online), 124 ( 8 ), 133 – 136.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorello-Frosch, R., & Shenassa, E. D. ( 2006 ). The environmental “riskscape” and social inequality: Implications for explaining maternal and child health disparities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114 ( 8 ), 1150 – 1153.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMulvey, K. L., McGuire, L., Hoffman, A. J., Hartstone-Rose, A., Winterbottom, M., Balkwill, F., Fields, G. E., Burns, K., Drews, M., Chatton, M., Eaves, N., Law, F., Joy, A., & Rutland, A. ( 2020 ). Learning hand in hand: Engaging in research–practice partnerships to advance developmental science. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020 ( 172 ), 125 – 134. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20364
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNations, U. ( 2014 ). The millennium development goals report. United Nations. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015/MD
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson, C. A., & Gabard-Durnam, L. J. ( 2020 ). Early adversity and critical periods: Neurodevelopmental consequences of violating the expectable environment. Trends in Neurosciences, 43 ( 3 ), 133 – 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.002
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNutbeam, D. ( 2008 ). The evolving concept of health literacy. Social Science & Medicine, 67 ( 12 ), 2072 – 2078.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceO’Fallon, L. R., Collman, G. W., & Dearry, A. ( 2000 ). The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences’ research program on children’s environmental health. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 10 ( 6 ), 630 – 637. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500117
dc.identifier.citedreferenceO’Fallon, L. R., & Dearry, A. ( 2002 ). Community-based participatory research as a tool to advance environmental health sciences. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 (Suppl 2 ), 155 – 159.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOhayon, J. L., Cousins, E., Brown, P., Morello-Frosch, R., & Brody, J. G. ( 2017 ). Researcher and institutional review board perspectives on the benefits and challenges of reporting back biomonitoring and environmental exposure results. Environmental Research, 153, 140 – 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.003
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOrganization, W. H. ( 2010 ). Protecting children’s health in a changing environment: Report of the fifth ministerial conference on environment and health. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOrganization, W. H. ( 2018 ). Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOrso, R., Creutzberg, K. C., Wearick-Silva, L. E., Wendt Viola, T., Tractenberg, S. G., Benetti, F., & Grassi-Oliveira, R. ( 2019 ). How early life stress impact maternal care: A systematic review of rodent studies [Systematic review]. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, 197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00197
dc.identifier.citedreferencePayne-Sturges, D. C., Cory-Slechta, D. A., Puett, R. C., Thomas, S. B., Hammond, R., & Hovmand, P. S. ( 2021 ). Defining and intervening on cumulative environmental neurodevelopmental risks: Introducing a complex systems approach. Environmental Health Perspective, 129 ( 3 ), 35001. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp7333
dc.identifier.citedreferencePayne-Sturges, D. C., Scammell, M. K., Levy, J. I., Cory-Slechta, D. A., Symanski, E., Carr Shmool, J. L., Laumbach, R., Linder, S., & Clougherty, J. E. ( 2018 ). Methods for evaluating the combined effects of chemical and nonchemical exposures for cumulative environmental health risk assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 ( 12 ), 2797.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerera, F. P. ( 2017 ). Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125 ( 2 ), 141 – 148.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerovich, L. J., Ohayon, J. L., Cousins, E. M., Morello-Frosch, R., Brown, P., Adamkiewicz, G., & Brody, J. G. ( 2018 ). Reporting to parents on children’s exposures to asthma triggers in low-income and public housing, an interview-based case study of ethics, environmental literacy, individual action, and public health benefits. Environmental Health, 17 ( 1 ), 1 – 12.
dc.identifier.citedreferencePersico, C., Figlio, D., & Roth, J. ( 2016 ). Inequality before birth: The developmental consequences of environmental toxicants (No. w22263). National Bureau of Economic Research.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceQuandt, S. A., Younger, E. C., Arnold, T. J., Zepeda, R., Arcury, T. A., & Daniel, S. S. ( 2022 ). Developing infographics to present research findings from cbpr to latinx farmworker community members progress in community health partnerships. 43, 361–372.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRamirez-Andreotta, M. D., Brody, J. G., Lothrop, N., Loh, M., Beamer, P. I., & Brown, P. ( 2016 ). Improving environmental health literacy and justice through environmental exposure results communication. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13 ( 7 ), 690.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaphael, C. ( 2019 ). Engaged communication scholarship for environmental justice: A research agenda. Environmental Communication, 13 ( 8 ), 1087 – 1107.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRebelo, F. M., & Caldas, E. D. ( 2016 ). Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: Toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants. Environmental Research, 151, 671 – 688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.027
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRice, D., & Barone, S. ( 2000 ). Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: Evidence from humans and animal models. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108 (Suppl 3 ), 511 – 533.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRivas-Drake, D., Camacho, T. C., & Guillaume, C. ( 2016 ). Chapter six – Just good developmental science: Trust, identity, and responsibility in ethnic minority recruitment and retention. In S. S. Horn, M. D. Ruck, & L. S. Liben (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol., 50, pp. 161 – 188 ). JAI. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acdb.2015.11.002
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoisman, G. I., Newman, D. A., Fraley, R. C., Haltigan, J. D., Groh, A. M., & Haydon, K. C. ( 2012 ). Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: Recommendations for evaluating interaction effects. Development and Psychopathology, 24 ( 2 ), 389 – 409. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000065
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoy, A. L., Raver, C. C., Masucci, M. D., & DeJoseph, M. ( 2019 ). “If they focus on giving us a chance in life we can actually do something in this world”: Poverty, inequality, and youth’s critical consciousness. Development and Psychopathology, 55 ( 3 ), 550 – 561. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000586
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRubinstein, M. L., Delucchi, K., Benowitz, N. L., & Ramo, D. E. ( 2018 ). Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from e-cigarettes. Pediatrics, 141 ( 4 ), e20173557.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRuckart, P. Z., Jones, R. L., Courtney, J. G., LeBlanc, T. T., Jackson, W., Karwowski, M. P., Cheng, P.-Y., Allwood, P., Svendsen, E. R., & Breysse, P. N. ( 2021 ). Update of the blood lead reference value—United States, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70 ( 43 ), 1509.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSampson, R. J. ( 2022 ). Legacies of inequality, legacy lead exposures, and improving population well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119 ( 14 ), e2202401119.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSandhaus, S., Kaufmann, D., & Ramirez-Andreotta, M. ( 2019 ). Public participation, trust and data sharing: Gardens as hubs for citizen science and environmental health literacy efforts. International Journal of Science Education B: Communication and Public Engagement, 9 ( 1 ), 54 – 71. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2018.1542752
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchnur, J., & John, R. M. ( 2014 ). Childhood lead poisoning and the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for lead exposure. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 26 ( 5 ), 238 – 247.
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShrout, P. E., & Rodgers, J. L. ( 2018 ). Psychology, science, and knowledge construction: Broadening perspectives from the replication crisis. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 487 – 510. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011845
dc.working.doiNOen
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
cad20479.pdf
Size:
310.1KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open
Name:
cad20479_am.pdf
Size:
1.126MB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.