Signals and forces shaping organogenesis of the small intestine
Wang, S; Walton, KD; Gumucio, DL
2019-01-01
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Abstract
The adult gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a series of connected organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon) that develop via progressive regional specification of a continuous tubular embryonic organ anlage. This chapter focuses on organogenesis of the small intestine. The intestine arises by folding of a flat sheet of endodermal cells into a tube of highly proliferative pseudostratified cells. Dramatic elongation of this tube is driven by rapid epithelial proliferation. Then, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and physical forces drive a stepwise cascade that results in convolution of the tubular surface into finger-like projections called villi. Concomitant with villus formation, a sharp epithelial transcriptional boundary is defined between stomach and intestine. Finally, flask-like depressions called crypts are established to house the intestinal stem cells needed throughout life for epithelial renewal. New insights into these events are being provided by in vitro organoid systems, which hold promise for future regenerative engineering of the small intestine.Publisher
Elsevier
ISSN
0070-2153 1557-8933
Deep Blue DOI
Other DOIs
PMID
30797512
Subjects
Boundary formation Crypt development Epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk Intestinal lengthening Intestinal organoids Intestinal regionalization Mesenchymal clusters Signaling cascades Tensile forces driving morphogenesis Villus development Animals Body Patterning Cell Proliferation Epithelial Cells Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans Intestine, Small Microvilli Organogenesis Signal Transduction
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Article
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