An Integrated LCA-LCC Model for Evaluating Concrete Infrastructure Sustainability

Abstract

Cement, the key binding material in concrete, is vital to human infrastructure and the economy. We rely on its durability and versatility to build our roads, bridges, buildings and water and sewage systems. Despite its important role in our built environment, its production contributes a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere; approximately 5% of total anthropogenic emissions, and is one of the top two industry producers of CO2. Global flows of concrete amount to approximately tonnes per person on the planet, and in the Unites States amounts to flows greater than 1,600 million metric tonnes (Mt) each year. Of total U.S. consumption, approximately 31% is used to build and rehabilitate highways and roads. Despite this investment, an estimated one-third of U.S. roadways are in poor or mediocre condition, burdening the public with construction related impacts such as congestion and vehicle damage.