Influence of Periodontal Status on Bone Formation in Extraction Sockets After Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Clinical Histological Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is common and is a leading cause for tooth loss. PD is associated with dysbiosis and chronic inflammatory destruction of the alveolar bone. ARP is a procedure aims at reducing dimensional ridge changes after tooth extraction and the need for additional bone augmentation at the time of implant placement. Periodontal inflammation and active PD may affect the healing outcomes of extraction socket that underwent ARP.

Aim: To compare new bone formation and residual bone graft particles in extraction socket that underwent ARP between periodontally healthy (control group) and PD patients (experimental group).

Methods: Bone core biopsies were harvested from healed extraction sites that underwent ARP. Micro-CT imaging, Masson’s trichrome, immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin were performed on the harvested biopsies. In addition, correlation analyses were performed between micro-CT and histological analyses (Masson’s trichrome and OCN immunohistochemistry) results for NB and RBG.

Results: No statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups. The correlation between micro-CT and Masson’s Trichrome showed a statistically strong association, while the other correlation analyses showed a weak to a very association that was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: No difference was found between periodontal healthy and stable periodontitis patients with regards to new bone formation and bone graft remodeling in extraction sockets that underwent ARP. Adequate sample size calculation and standardization of the healing time between ARP and implant placement are critical to obtain robust results from which clinically relevant conclusions can be drawn.