Bridging the Gap: Analyzing Factors Affecting Collaboration in South Korean Air Pollution Policy Development

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) pollution in South Korea has spurred public demand for governmental action, raising issues of transparency and public trust. In response, the progressive administration has emphasized public participation in PM policy development. This study qualitatively analyzes the drivers and barriers influencing stakeholder collaboration in this context. Semi-structured interviews with 11 stakeholders—including government officials, experts, environmental organizations, and citizen groups—were analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Key findings identified two drivers: legitimacy through inclusivity and trust, and effectiveness through collaborative diversity focused on shared goals. One influencer, shifting political priorities, and seven barriers—including divergent perceptions of PM, conflicting expectations, inadequate information access, communication gaps, challenges in public participation, structural barriers, and government reluctance to share power—were also revealed.

Policy recommendations include enhancing information transparency, fostering community-government collaboration, institutionalizing living labs and citizen science, developing interdisciplinary communication strategies, promoting public engagement, and establishing equitable partnerships. These insights aim to improve public participation and stakeholder collaboration in environmental governance, supporting the Korean Environment Institute’s mission.