Ferroptotic Pathways and Iron Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Wound Healing

Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract's remarkable regenerative capacity is underpinned by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which reside in the intestinal crypts and are essential for maintaining gut structural integrity and function. The GI tract exhibits significant cell proliferation because of rapid turnover of cells required for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as its continual exposure to external elements and harmful substances. Iron is absorbed, stored, and excreted from the GI system and has many biological roles and impacts ISC health and function directly. Iron promotes intestinal wound healing; however, too much iron can result in oxidative damage through the Fenton reaction and lead to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed form of cell death. Understanding the intricate interplay between ISC dynamics, iron homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation within the GI tract is essential for developing tailored nutritional strategies to support intestinal health and repair. This research sheds light on the pivotal role of ISCs and iron in maintaining gut homeostasis, offering potential insights into therapeutic approaches for GI disorders and related conditions.