Nitrogen cycling in coffee agroecosystems: net N mineralization and nitrification in the presence and absence of shade trees

Abstract

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) agroecosystems in Costa Rica receive relatively large inputs of N through fertilization (approximately 30 g N m-2 year-1). However, little is known regarding the rate at which N is mineralization from organic matter and its subsequent transformation within the soil. We studied the seasonal and spatial variation of N transformations in coffee plantations with and without shade trees in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Net N mineralization and net nitrification, assayed using an in situ incubation procedure, were measured at monthly intervals for 1 year. Both net N mineralization and net nitrification displayed marked seasonal variation; the significantly lowest rates occurred during the dry season (January - March). The mean annual rate of net N mineralization was 14.8 g mineralized N was oxidized to NO3- in both plantation types. Even though N availability was greater in unshaded plantations, related studies indicate that leaching losses are less than those from unshaded plantations. In combination, these results suggest that N is cycled more conservatively in shaded plantations than in unshaded plantations.