Apollonian Circle Packings: Geometry and Group Theory I. The Apollonian Group
dc.contributor.author | Yan, Catherine H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Mallows, Colin L. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Graham, Ronald L. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Lagarias, Jeffrey C. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wilks, Allan R. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2006-09-08T19:10:07Z | |
dc.date.available | 2006-09-08T19:10:07Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2005-11 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Graham, Ronald L.; Lagarias, Jeffrey C.; Mallows, Colin L.; Wilks, Allan R.; Yan, Catherine H.; (2005). "Apollonian Circle Packings: Geometry and Group Theory I. The Apollonian Group." Discrete & Computational Geometry 34(4): 547-585. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/41356> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1432-0444 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0179-5376 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/41356 | |
dc.description.abstract | Apollonian circle packings arise by repeatedly filling the intersticesbetween four mutually tangent circles with further tangent circles.We observe that there exist Apollonian packings which have strong integralityproperties, in which all circles in the packing have integer curvatures andrational centers such that (curvature) $times$ (center) is an integer vector. This series of papers explain such properties. A Descartes configuration is a set of four mutually tangent circles with disjoint interiors. An Apollonian circle packing can be described in terms of the Descartes configuration it contains. We describe the space of all ordered, oriented Descartes configurations using a coordinate system $M_ D$ consisting of those $4 times 4$ real matrices $W$ with $W^T Q_{D} bW = Q_{W}$ where $Q_D$ is the matrix of the Descartes quadratic form $Q_D= x_1^2 + x_2^2+ x_3^2 + x_4^2 - frac{1}{2}(x_1 +x_2 +x_3 + x_4)^2$ and $Q_W$ of the quadratic form $Q_W = -8x_1x_2 + 2x_3^2 + 2x_4^2$. On the parameter space$M_ D$ the group $mathop{it Aut}(Q_D)$ acts on the left, and $mathop{it Aut}(Q_W)$ acts on the right, giving two different "geometric" actions. Both these groups are isomorphic to the Lorentz group $O(3, 1)$. The right action of $mathop{it Aut}(Q_W)$ (essentially) corresponds to Mobius transformations acting on the underlying Euclidean space $rr^2$ while the left action of $mathop{it Aut}(Q_D)$ is defined only on the parameter space. We observe thatthe Descartes configurations in each Apollonian packing form an orbit of a single Descartes configuration under a certain finitely generated discrete subgroup of $mathop{it Aut}(Q_D)$, which we call the Apollonian group. This group consists of $4 times 4$ integer matrices, and its integrality properties lead to the integrality properties observed in some Apollonian circle packings. We introduce two more related finitely generated groups in $mathop{it Aut}(Q_D)$, the dual Apollonian group produced from the Apollonian group by a "duality" conjugation, and the super-Apollonian group which is the group generated by the Apollonian anddual Apollonian groups together. These groups also consist of integer $4 times 4$ matrices. We show these groups are hyperbolic Coxeter groups. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 1560168 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3115 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Springer-Verlag; Springer | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Combinatorics | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Mathematics | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis | en_US |
dc.title | Apollonian Circle Packings: Geometry and Group Theory I. The Apollonian Group | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Mathematics | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Avaya Labs, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92110, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | AT&T Labs, Florham Park, NJ 07932-0971, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationumcampus | Ann Arbor | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41356/1/454_2005_Article_1196.pdf | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00454-005-1196-9 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Discrete & Computational Geometry | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
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