Global Processes that Determine Cosmic Ray Modulation
dc.contributor.author | Fisk, Lennard A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wenzel, K. -P. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Balogh, A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Burger, R. A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Cummings, A. C. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Evenson, P. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Heber, B. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Jokipii, J. R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Krainev, M. B. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kóta, J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kunow, H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Le Roux, J. A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | McDonald, F. B. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | McKibben, R. B. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Potgieter, M. S. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Simpson, J. A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Steenberg, C. D. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Suess, S. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Webber, W. R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wibberenz, G. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Ferrando, P. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Fujii, Z. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Lockwood, J. A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Moraal, H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Stone, E. C. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2006-09-11T13:49:51Z | |
dc.date.available | 2006-09-11T13:49:51Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1998-01 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Fisk, L. A.; Wenzel, K.-P.; Balogh, A.; Burger, R. A.; Cummings, A. C.; Evenson, P.; Heber, B.; Jokipii, J. R.; Krainev, M. B.; Kóta, J.; Kunow, H.; Le Roux, J. A.; McDonald, F. B.; McKibben, R. B.; Potgieter, M. S.; Simpson, J. A.; Steenberg, C. D.; Suess, S.; Webber, W. R.; Wibberenz, G.; Zhang, M.; Ferrando, P.; Fujii, Z.; Lockwood, J. A.; Moraal, H.; Stone, E. C.; (1998). "Global Processes that Determine Cosmic Ray Modulation." Space Science Reviews 83 (1-2): 179-214. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/43782> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1572-9672 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0038-6308 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/43782 | |
dc.description.abstract | The global processes that determine cosmic ray modulation are reviewed. The essential elements of the theory which describes cosmic ray behavior in the heliosphere are summarized, and a series of discussions is presented which compare the expectations of this theory with observations of the spatial and temporal behavior of both galactic cosmic rays and the anomalous component; the behavior of cosmic ray electrons and ions; and the 26-day variations in cosmic rays as a function of heliographic latitude. The general conclusion is that the current theory is essentially correct. There is clear evidence, in solar minimum conditions, that the cosmic rays and the anomalous component behave as is expected from theory, with strong effects of gradient and curvature drifts. There is strong evidence of considerable latitude transport of the cosmic rays, at all energies, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Despite the apparent success of the theory, there is no single choice for the parameters which describe cosmic ray behavior, which can account for all of the observed temporal and spatial variations, spectra, and electron vs. ion behavior. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 417151 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3115 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.language.iso | en_US | |
dc.publisher | Kluwer Academic Publishers; Springer Science+Business Media | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Physics | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences | en_US |
dc.title | Global Processes that Determine Cosmic Ray Modulation | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Aerospace Engineering | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Engineering | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117924, Russia | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Enrico Fermi Institute and Dept. of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Space Science Department of ESA, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Enrico Fermi Institute and Dept. of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Enrico Fermi Institute and Dept. of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | NASA Marshall Space Flight Center/ES82, Huntsville, AL, 35812, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-001, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | CEA, DSM/DAPNIA/Service d'Astrophysique, CE-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03842, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationumcampus | Ann Arbor | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43782/1/11214_2004_Article_164792.pdf | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005074923940 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Space Science Reviews | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
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