Active and passive factors in urethral continence function

Abstract

The function of the urethra can be evaluated with respect to involuntary continence function, volitional contractility — which has no relationship to passive continence — and conduit function. Precise evaluation of continence function usually requires fluoroscopy. The classification of incontinence based on fluoroscopic and manometric findings has a bearing on the selection of an effective operation. Direct urethral pressure measurements are of little value in the diagnosis of urethral dysfunction.