Pheochromocytoma presenting as musculoskeletal pain from bone metastases

Abstract

Six patients presented with musculoskeletal pain resulting from destructive bone lesions. These patients were ultimately shown to have metastatic pheochromocytoma. None of the cases exhibited typical symptoms of metastatic pheochromocytoma, nor was it suspected at the time of presentation. In three patients, hypertension caused pheochromocytoma to be considered as a diagnosis. The three remaining patients, all of whom had documented hypertension in the past, underwent bone biopsy. Two of these patients became markedly hypertensive in the postoperative period. Malignant pheochromocytoma may present with metastatic skeletal disease in some patients in whom the presence of hypertension as well as a carefully elicited history may suggest the diagnosis. In such patients, the possibility of pheochromocytoma should be taken into account, as biopsy may trigger a hypertensive crisis in patients not under adrenergic blockade.