Allelopathy and its effects on distribution: a preliminary study in bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinium), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and big tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata).

Abstract

Plant distribution can not be explained on the basis of competition alone. What enables a certain plant species to dominate a certain area? It is possible that certain plants produce chemical substances which prevent the germination and growth of those seeds which fall below them. Allelopathic interaction between plants could have a great impact on community structure. We examined the possible allelopathic effects of three common species: bracken fern, sugar maple, and big tooth aspen. Extracts of these three plants were made at various concentrations. The seed germination and early growth rates of lettuce in the presence of these various extracts were observed and compared to results in distilled water. A significant reduction in germination was observed in the presene of fern. A significant reduction of growth was observed in the presence of all three species. We were unable to eliminate the possibility that allelopathy was responsible for these results.