Implementing Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) for the Protection of Endangered Cetacean Species: A Case Study of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Abstract

Recent shifts in the paradigm surrounding the management of natural resources from single species Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) quota systems to the holistic Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) has been received with a flurry of theoretical reviews and the incorporation of EBM into many management plans. Despite the discussion surrounding the necessary components of EBM, and the widespread expert endorsement, implementing EBM in the marine environment has not yet been completed successfully. This thesis investigates the extent to which EBM is currently being implemented for the protection of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Four principles consistently cited as central to implementing EBM are identified. These principles are applied to a case study of humpback whales in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Findings indicate that although there is much enthusiasm concerning EBM and elements of its principles have begun to be implemented. However, there is still much room to expand upon its implementation, especially concerning Marine Protected Area (MPA) coverage and managerial cooperation. Although a complete re-organization of the review management institutions would make the most dramatic positive difference in implementing marine EBM, the thesis concludes that this would neither currently be politically feasible nor timely. An extension of the current MPA system to meet EBM goals would quickly allow for EBM implementation to rapidly advance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.