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The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake

dc.contributor.authorBarabash, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFedorov, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSauvaud, J. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLundin, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRussell, C. T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFutaana, Y.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZhang, T. L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAndersson, H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBrinkfeldt, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrigoriev, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHolmstrom, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorYamauchi, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAsamura, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBaumjohann, W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLammer, H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCoates, A. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKataria, D. O.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLinder, D. R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCurtis, C. C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHsieh, K. C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSandel, B. R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrande, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGunell, H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKoskinen, H. E. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKallio, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRiihela, P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSales, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKozyra, Janet U.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKrupp, N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFranz, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWoch, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLuhmann, Janet G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMcKenna-Lawlor, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMazelle, Christianen_US
dc.contributor.authorThocaven, J. -J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOrsini, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCerulli-Irelli, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMura, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMilillo, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMaggi, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRoelof, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBrandt, P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSzego, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWinningham, J. D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFrahm, R. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorScherrer, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSharber, J. R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWurz, Peteren_US
dc.contributor.authorBochsler, P. A.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-06-01T17:25:43Z
dc.date.available2009-06-01T17:25:43Z
dc.date.issued2007-11-29en_US
dc.identifier.citationBarabash, S.; Fedorov, A.; Sauvaud, J. J.; Lundin, R.; Russell, C. T.; Futaana, Y.; Zhang, T. L.; Andersson, H.; Brinkfeldt, K.; Grigoriev, A.; Holmstrom, M.; Yamauchi, M.; Asamura, K.; Baumjohann, W.; Lammer, H.; Coates, A. J.; Kataria, D. O.; Linder, D. R.; Curtis, C. C.; Hsieh, K. C.; Sandel, B. R.; Grande, M.; Gunell, H.; Koskinen, H. E. J.; Kallio, E.; Riihela, P.; Sales, T.; Schmidt, W.; Kozyra, J.; Krupp, N.; Franz, M.; Woch, J.; Luhmann, J.; McKenna-Lawlor, S.; Mazelle, C.; Thocaven, J. -J.; Orsini, S.; Cerulli-Irelli, R.; Mura, M.; Milillo, M.; Maggi, M.; Roelof, E.; Brandt, P.; Szego, K.; Winningham, J. D.; Frahm, R. A.; Scherrer, J.; Sharber, J. R.; Wurz, P.; Bochsler, P.. (2007) "The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake." Nature 450(7170): 650-653. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/62594>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0028-0836en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/62594
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=18046398&dopt=citationen_US
dc.description.abstractVenus, unlike Earth, is an extremely dry planet although both began with similar masses, distances from the Sun, and presumably water inventories. The high deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the venusian atmosphere relative to Earth's also indicates that the atmosphere has undergone significantly different evolution over the age of the Solar System(1). Present-day thermal escape is low for all atmospheric species. However, hydrogen can escape by means of collisions with hot atoms from ionospheric photochemistry(2), and although the bulk of O and O-2 are gravitationally bound, heavy ions have been observed to escape(3) through interaction with the solar wind. Nevertheless, their relative rates of escape, spatial distribution, and composition could not be determined from these previous measurements. Here we report Venus Express measurements showing that the dominant escaping ions are O+, He+ and H+. The escaping ions leave Venus through the plasma sheet (a central portion of the plasma wake) and in a boundary layer of the induced magnetosphere. The escape rate ratios are Q(H+)/Q(O+) = 1.9; Q(He+)/Q(O+) = 0.07. The first of these implies that the escape of H+ and O+, together with the estimated escape of neutral hydrogen and oxygen, currently takes place near the stoichometric ratio corresponding to water.en_US
dc.format.extent681553 bytes
dc.format.extent2489 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherNature Publishing Groupen_US
dc.sourceNatureen_US
dc.titleThe loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wakeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniv Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherSwedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Swedenen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherCtr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, Franceen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherAustrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austriaen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherInst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japanen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, Englanden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Walesen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherW Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finlanden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherFinnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finlanden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherMax Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germanyen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherNatl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Irelanden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherIst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italyen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherJohns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherKFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungaryen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherSW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USAen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniv Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerlanden_US
dc.identifier.pmid18046398en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62594/1/nature06434.pdf
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06434en_US
dc.identifier.sourceNatureen_US
dc.contributor.authoremailstas@irf.seen_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


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