The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake
dc.contributor.author | Barabash, S. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Fedorov, A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Sauvaud, J. J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Lundin, R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Russell, C. T. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Futaana, Y. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Zhang, T. L. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Andersson, H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Brinkfeldt, K. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Grigoriev, A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Holmstrom, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Yamauchi, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Asamura, K. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Baumjohann, W. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Lammer, H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Coates, A. J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kataria, D. O. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Linder, D. R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Curtis, C. C. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Hsieh, K. C. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Sandel, B. R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Grande, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Gunell, H. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Koskinen, H. E. J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kallio, E. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Riihela, P. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Sales, T. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Schmidt, W. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kozyra, Janet U. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Krupp, N. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Franz, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Woch, J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Luhmann, Janet G. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | McKenna-Lawlor, S. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Mazelle, Christian | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Thocaven, J. -J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Orsini, S. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Cerulli-Irelli, R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Mura, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Milillo, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Maggi, M. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Roelof, E. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Brandt, P. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Szego, K. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Winningham, J. D. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Frahm, R. A. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Scherrer, J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Sharber, J. R. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wurz, Peter | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Bochsler, P. A. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2009-06-01T17:25:43Z | |
dc.date.available | 2009-06-01T17:25:43Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2007-11-29 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Barabash, S.; Fedorov, A.; Sauvaud, J. J.; Lundin, R.; Russell, C. T.; Futaana, Y.; Zhang, T. L.; Andersson, H.; Brinkfeldt, K.; Grigoriev, A.; Holmstrom, M.; Yamauchi, M.; Asamura, K.; Baumjohann, W.; Lammer, H.; Coates, A. J.; Kataria, D. O.; Linder, D. R.; Curtis, C. C.; Hsieh, K. C.; Sandel, B. R.; Grande, M.; Gunell, H.; Koskinen, H. E. J.; Kallio, E.; Riihela, P.; Sales, T.; Schmidt, W.; Kozyra, J.; Krupp, N.; Franz, M.; Woch, J.; Luhmann, J.; McKenna-Lawlor, S.; Mazelle, C.; Thocaven, J. -J.; Orsini, S.; Cerulli-Irelli, R.; Mura, M.; Milillo, M.; Maggi, M.; Roelof, E.; Brandt, P.; Szego, K.; Winningham, J. D.; Frahm, R. A.; Scherrer, J.; Sharber, J. R.; Wurz, P.; Bochsler, P.. (2007) "The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake." Nature 450(7170): 650-653. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/62594> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0028-0836 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/62594 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=18046398&dopt=citation | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Venus, unlike Earth, is an extremely dry planet although both began with similar masses, distances from the Sun, and presumably water inventories. The high deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the venusian atmosphere relative to Earth's also indicates that the atmosphere has undergone significantly different evolution over the age of the Solar System(1). Present-day thermal escape is low for all atmospheric species. However, hydrogen can escape by means of collisions with hot atoms from ionospheric photochemistry(2), and although the bulk of O and O-2 are gravitationally bound, heavy ions have been observed to escape(3) through interaction with the solar wind. Nevertheless, their relative rates of escape, spatial distribution, and composition could not be determined from these previous measurements. Here we report Venus Express measurements showing that the dominant escaping ions are O+, He+ and H+. The escaping ions leave Venus through the plasma sheet (a central portion of the plasma wake) and in a boundary layer of the induced magnetosphere. The escape rate ratios are Q(H+)/Q(O+) = 1.9; Q(He+)/Q(O+) = 0.07. The first of these implies that the escape of H+ and O+, together with the estimated escape of neutral hydrogen and oxygen, currently takes place near the stoichometric ratio corresponding to water. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 681553 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 2489 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Nature Publishing Group | en_US |
dc.source | Nature | en_US |
dc.title | The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Natl Univ Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland | en_US |
dc.identifier.pmid | 18046398 | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62594/1/nature06434.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06434 | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Nature | en_US |
dc.contributor.authoremail | stas@irf.se | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
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