Show simple item record

Practice Guideline for Evaluation of Fever and Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities

dc.contributor.authorBentley, David W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBradley, Suzanneen_US
dc.contributor.authorHigh, Kevin P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSchoenbaum, Stephenen_US
dc.contributor.authorTaler, Georgeen_US
dc.contributor.authorYoshikawa, Thomas T.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-01T14:50:36Z
dc.date.available2010-04-01T14:50:36Z
dc.date.issued2001-02en_US
dc.identifier.citationBentley, David W.; Bradley, Suzanne; High, Kevin; Schoenbaum, Stephen; Taler, George; Yoshikawa, Thomas T. (2001). "Practice Guideline for Evaluation of Fever and Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49(2): 210-222. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/65295>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0002-8614en_US
dc.identifier.issn1532-5415en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/65295
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=11207876&dopt=citationen_US
dc.format.extent213464 bytes
dc.format.extent3110 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherBlackwell Science Incen_US
dc.rightsAmerican Geriatrics Societyen_US
dc.titlePractice Guideline for Evaluation of Fever and Infection in Long-Term Care Facilitiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelGeriatricsen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michigan School of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationother* Division of Geriatric Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherWashington Hospital Center, Washington, DC;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherDepartment of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, and Martin Luther King, Jr.—Charles R. Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, California;en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherCommonwealth Fund, New York, New Yorken_US
dc.identifier.pmid11207876en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65295/1/j.1532-5415.2001.49999.x.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49999.xen_US
dc.identifier.sourceJournal of the American Geriatrics Societyen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKemper P & Murtaugh DM. Lifetime use of nursing home care. N Engl J Med 1991 ; 324 : 595 – 600.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEvans JM, Chutka DS & Fleming KC et al. Medical care of nursing home residents. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 ; 70 : 694 – 702.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBesdine RW, Rubenstein LZ & Cassel C. Nursing home residents need physician services. Ann Intern Med 1994 ; 120 : 616 – 618.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOuslander JG & Osterweil D. Physician evaluation and management of nursing home residents. Ann Intern Med 1994 ; 121 : 584 – 592.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith PW & Rusnak PG. Infection prevention and control in the long-term-care facility. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997 ; 18 : 831 – 849.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE & Garibaldi RA. Infection control in long-term-care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995 ; 16 : 348 – 353.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown NK & Thompson DJ. Nontreatment of fever in extended care facilities. N Engl J Med 1979 ; 300 : 1246 – 1250.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcGeer A, Campbell B & Emori TB et al. Definitions of infection for surveillance in long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control 1991 ; 19 : 1 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference9.  Smith PW, Consensus Conference Participants. Consensus conference on nosocomial infections in long-term care facilities. Am J Infect Control 1987;15:97–100.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIrvine PW, Van Buren N & Crossley K. Causes for hospitalization of nursing home residents: the role of infection. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984 ; 32 : 103 – 107.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoshikawa TT, Nicolle LE & Norman DC. Management of complicated urinary tract infection in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996 ; 44 : 1235 – 1241.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMuder RR. Pneumonia in residents of long-term care facility: epidemiology, etiology, management and prevention. Am J Med 1998 ; 105 : 319 – 330.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBerman P, Hogan DB & Fox RA. The atypical presentation of infection in old age. Age Ageing 1987 ; 16 : 201 – 207.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarrie TJ, Durrant H & Kwan C. Nursing home–acquired pneumonia. A case-control study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986 ; 34 : 697 – 702.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcAlpine CH, Martin BJ & Lennox IM et al. Pyrexia in infection in the elderly. Age Ageing 1986 ; 15 : 230 – 234.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSamily AH. Clinical manifestations of disease in the elderly. Med Clin North Am 1983 ; 67 : 333 – 344.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrooks S, Warshaw G & Hasse L et al. The physician decision-making process in transferring nursing home residents to the hospital. Arch Intern Med 1994 ; 154 : 902 – 908.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCastle SC, Norman DC & Yeh M et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 853 – 857.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCastle SC, Yeh M & Toledo S et al. Lowering the temperature criterion improves detection of infections in nursing home residents. Aging Immunol Infect Dis 1993 ; 4 : 67 – 76.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorman DC & Yoshikawa TT. Fever in the elderly. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1996 ; 10 : 93 – 99.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDarowski A, Najim Z & Weinberg JR. The febrile response to mild infections in elderly hospital residents. Age Ageing 1991 ; 20 : 193 – 198.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDownton JH, Andrews K & Puxty JAH. Silent pyrexia in the elderly. Age Ageing 1987 ; 41 : 41 – 44.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoshikawa TT & Norman DC. Approach to fever and infection in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996 ; 44 : 74 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmer JG, Bentley DW & Valenti WM et al. Systemic antibiotic use in nursing homes: a quality assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986 ; 34 : 703 – 710.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcFadden JP, Price RC & Eastwood HD et al. Raised respiratory rate in dehydrated elderly patients. Clin Endocrinol 1984 ; 20 : 451 – 456.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSonnenblick M & Algur N. Hypernatremia in acute ill elderly patient: role of impaired residents: a valuable physical sign. Br Med J 1982 ; 284 : 626 – 627.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKirkland J, Lye M & Goodard F et al. Plasma arginine vasopressin in arginine-vasopressin secretion. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1993 ; 19 : 32 – 35.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinberg AD, Pals JK & Leveque PG et al. Dehydration and death during febrile episodes in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994 ; 42 : 968 – 971.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGross C, Lindquist RP & Wooley AC et al. Clinical indicators of dehydration severity in elderly patients. J Emerg Med 1992 ; 10 : 267 – 74.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRudman D, Hontanosas A & Cohen Z et al. Clinical correlates of bacteremia in a Veterans Administration extended care facility. J Am Geratr Soc 1988 ; 36 : 726 – 732.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOuslander JC. Medical care in the nursing home. JAMA 1989 ; 262 : 2582 – 2590.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKane RL, Garrard J & Skay CL et al. Effects of a geriatric nurse practitioner on process and outcome of nursing home care. Am J Public Health 1989 ; 79 : 1271 – 1277.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJackson MM & Schafer K. Identifying clues to infections in nursing home residents: the role of the nurse's aide. J Gerontologic Nurs 1993 ; 19 : 33 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGarrard J, Kane RL & Radosevich DM et al. Impact of geriatric nurse practitioners on nursing-home resident's functional status, satisfaction, and discharge outcomes. Med Care 1990 ; 28 : 271 – 283.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMagaziner J, Tenney JH & DeForge B et al. Prevalence and characteristics of nursing home–acquired infections in the aged. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 1071 – 1078.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown NK & Thompson DJ. Nontreatment of fever in extended-care facilities. N Engl J Med 1979 ; 300 : 1246 – 1250.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWarren JW, Palumbo FB & Fitterman L et al. Incidence and characteristics of antibiotic use in aged nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 963 – 972.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMott PD & Barker WH. Treatment decisions for infections occurring in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988 ; 36 : 820 – 824.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFranson TR, Schicker JM & LeClair SM et al. Documentation and evaluation of fevers in hospital-based and community-based nursing homes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1988 ; 9 : 447 – 450.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference40.  Nicolle LE, Bentley DW, Garibaldi R et al., SHEA Long-Term Care Committee. Antimicrobial use in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:119–128.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceValenti WM, Randall G & Trudell BS et al. Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged. N Engl J Med 1978 ; 398 : 1108 – 1111.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE. Urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993 ; 14 : 220 – 225.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWarren JW, Tenney JH & Hoopes JM et al. A prospective microbiologic study of bacteriuria in patients with chronic indwelling urethral catheters. J Infect Dis 1982 ; 146 : 719 – 723.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference44.  Yoshikawa TT, Norman DC. Diagnostic approach to infections. In: Yoshikawa TT, Norman DC, eds. Aging and Clinical Practice. Infectious Diseases. Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Igaku-Shoin 1987:26–31.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMontgomery P, Semenchuk M & Nicolle LE. Antimicrobial use in nursing homes in Manitoba. J Geriatr Drug Ther 1995 ; 9 : 55 – 74.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWasserman M, Levinstein M & Keller E et al. Utility of fever, white blood cells, and differential count in predicting bacterial infections in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989 ; 37 : 537 – 543.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMellors JW, Horowitz RI & Harvey MR et al. A simple index to identify occult bacterial infection in adults with acute unexplained fever. Arch Intern Med 1987 ; 147 : 666 – 671.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGleckman R & Hibert D. Afebrile bacteremia—a phenomenon in geriatric patients. JAMA 1982 ; 248 : 1478 – 1481.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoscia JD, Kobasa WD & Abrutyn E et al. Lack of association between bacteriuria and symptoms in the elderly. Am J Med 1986 ; 81 : 979 – 982.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE, Bjornson J & Harding GKM et al. Bacteriuria in elderly institutionalized men. N Engl J Med 1983 ; 309 : 1420 – 1425.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE, Mayhew WJ & Bryan L. Prospective randomized comparison of therapy and no therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in institutionalized elderly women. Am J Med 1987 ; 83 : 27 – 33.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNorman DC, Yamamura R & Yoshikawa TT. Pyuria: its predictive value of asymptomatic bacteriuria in ambulatory elderly men. J Urol 1986 ; 135 : 520 – 522.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMonane M, Gurwitz JH & Lipsitz LA et al. Epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of bacteriuria: a longitudinal study in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995 ; 43 : 618 – 622.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOuslander JG, Greengold BA & Silverblatt FJ et al. An accurate method to obtain urine for cultures in men with external catheters. Arch Intern Med 1987 ; 147 : 286 – 288.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE, Strausbaugh LJ & Garibaldi RA. Infections and antibiotic resistance in nursing homes. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996 ; 9 : 1 – 17.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMuder RR, Brennen C & Wagener MM et al. Bacteremia in a long-term care facility: a five-year prospective study of 163 consecutive episodes. Clin Infect Dis 1992 ; 14 : 647 – 654.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSetia U, Serventi I & Lorenz P. Bacteremia in a long-term care facility. Arch Intern Med 1984 ; 144 : 1633 – 1635.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRichardson JP. Bacteremia in the elderly. J Gen Intern Med 1993 ; 8 : 89 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePftizenmeyer P, Decrey H & Auckenthaler R et al. Predicting bacteremia in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995 ; 43 : 230 – 235.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChassagne P, Perol MB & Doucet J et al. Is presentation of bacteremia in the elderly the same as in younger patients? Am J Med 1996 ; 100 : 65 – 70.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFontanarosa PB, Kaeberlein FJ & Gerson LW et al. Difficulty in predicting bacteremia in elderly emergency patients. Ann Intern Med 1992 ; 21 : 842 – 848.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArbo MDJ & Snydman DR. Influence of blood culture results on antibiotic choice in treatment of bacteremia. Arch Intern Med 1994 ; 154 : 2641 – 2645.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFine MJ, Auble TE & Yealy DM et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997 ; 336 : 243 – 250.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBartlett JG & Mundy LM. Current concepts: community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1995 ; 333 : 1618 – 1624.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMylotte JM, Naughton B & Saludades C et al. Validation and application of the Pneumonia Prognosis Index to nursing home residents with pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998 ; 46 : 1538 – 1544.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMedina-Walpole AM & Katz PR. Nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999 ; 47 : 1005 – 1015.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMedina-Walpole AM & McCormick WC. Provider practice patterns in nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998 ; 46 : 187 – 192.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWipf JE, Lipsky BA & Hirschmann JV et al. Diagnosing pneumonia by physical examination: relevant or relic? Arch Intern Med 1999 ; 159 : 1082 – 1087.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeckler RW, Gremillion DH & McAllister CK et al. Microscopic and bacteriological comparison of paired sputa and transtracheal aspirates. J Clin Microbiol 1977 ; 6 : 396 – 399.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBentley DW, Ha K & Moon D et al. Pneumococcal vaccine in the institutionalized elderly: design of a non-randomized trial and preliminary results. Rev Infect Dis 1981 ; 3 : S71 – S81.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarker WH & Mullooly JP. Pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications of prevention. Arch Intern Med 1982 ; 142 : 85 – 89.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHall WN, Goodman RA & Noble GR et al. An outbreak of influenza B in an elderly population. J Infect Dis 1981 ; 144 : 297 – 302.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalsey AR. Noninfluenza respiratory virus infection in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991 ; 12 : 602 – 608.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference74.  Mylotte JM, Bentley DW. Pulmonary infections: influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis. In: Smith PW, ed. Infection control in long-term care facilities. 2d ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. 1994:53–69.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeonardi GP, Leib H & Birkhead GS et al. Comparison of rapid detection methods for influenza A virus and their value in health-care management of institutionalized geriatric residents. J Clin Microbiol 1994 ; 32 : 70 – 74.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSachs MK. The optimum use of needle aspiration in the bacteriologic diagnosis of cellulitis in adults. Arch Intern Med 1990 ; 150 : 1907 – 1912.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSapico FL, Ginones VJ & Thornhill-Joynes M. Quantitative microbiology of pressure sores in different stages of healing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1986 ; 5 : 31 – 38.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKertesz D & Chow AW. Infected pressure and diabetic ulcers. Clin Geriatr Med 1992 ; 8 : 835 – 852.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNicolle LE, Orr P & Duckworth H et al. Prospective study of decubitus ulcers in two long-term facilities. Can J Infect Control 1994 ; 9 : 35 – 38.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaag ML, Brozena SJ & Fenske NA. Attack of the scabies: what to do when an outbreak occurs. Geriatrics 1993 ; 48 : 45 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDegalu J. Scabies in long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992 ; 13 : 421 – 425.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBennett RG. Diarrhea among residents of long-term care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993 ; 14 : 397 – 404.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnson S & Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 1998 ; 26 : 1027 – 1036.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewis MA, Cretin S & Kane RL. The natural history of nursing home patients. Gerontologist 1985 ; 25 : 382 – 388.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMott PD & Parker WH. Hospital and medical care use by nursing home patients: the effect of patient care plans. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988 ; 36 : 47 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJones JS, Dwyer PR & White LJ et al. Patient transfer from nursing home to emergency department: outcomes and policy implications. Acad Emerg Med 1997 ; 4 : 908 – 915.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRubenstein LZ, Ouslander JG & Wieland D. Dynamics and clinical implications of the nursing home–hospital interface. Clin Geriatr Med 1988 ; 4 : 471 – 491.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLynn J. Hospitalization of nursing home residents: the right rate? J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 ; 45 : 378 – 379.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMehr DR. Nursing home acquired pneumonia: how and where to treat? J Am Board Fam Pract 1997 ; 10 : 168 – 169.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZimmer JG. Nursing home acquired pneumonia: avoiding the hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 ; 45 : 380 – 381.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCreditor MC. Hazards of hospitalization of the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1993 ; 118 : 219 – 223.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMehr DR, Foxman B & Colombo P. Risk factors for mortality from lower respiratory infections in nursing home patients. J Fam Pract 1992 ; 34 : 585 – 591.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFried TR, Gillick MR & Lipsitz LA. Whether to transfer? Factors associated with hospitalization and outcomes of elderly long term care patients with pneumonia. J Gen Intern Med 1995 ; 10 : 246 – 250.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDegelau J, Guay D & Straub K et al. Effectiveness of oral antibiotic treatment in nursing home–acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995 ; 43 : 245 – 251.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMuder RR, Brennen C & Swenson DL et al. Pneumonia in a long-term care facility: a prospective study of outcome. Arch Intern Med 1996 ; 156 : 2365 – 2370.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFried TR & Mor V. Frailty and hospitalization of long term stay nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 ; 45 : 265 – 269.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarker WH, Zimmer JG & Hall WJ et al. Rates, patterns, causes and costs of hospitalization of nursing home residents. Am J Public Health 1994 ; 84 : 1615 – 1620.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeresi JA, Holmes D & Bloom HG et al. Factors differentiating transfers from long-term care facilities with high and low transfer rates. Gerontologist 1991 ; 31 : 795 – 806.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith WR, Kellerman A & Brown JS. The impact of nursing home transfer policies at the end of life on a public acute care hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995 ; 43 : 1052 – 1957.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWennberg JE, Freeman JL & Shelton R et al. Hospital use and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries in Boston and New Haven. N Engl J Med 1989 ; 321 : 1168 – 1173.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMylotte JM, Ksiazek S & Bentley DW. Rational approach to the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1994 ; 4 : 21 – 33.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarrie TJ & Slayter KL. Nursing home acquired pneumonia: treatment options. Drugs Aging 1996 ; 8 : 338 – 348.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThompson RS, Hall NK & Szpiech M et al. Treatment and outcomes of pneumonia in the elderly. J Am Board Fam Pract 1997 ; 10 : 82 – 87.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFried TR, Gillick MR & Lipsitz LA. Short-term functional outcomes of long-term care residents with pneumonia treated with and without hospital transfer. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 ; 45 : 302 – 306.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlumer J. Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone. Hosp Pract (office edition) 1991 ; 26 ( Suppl 5 ): 7 – 13, 52–54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavis R, Markham A & Balfour JA. Ciprofloxacin: an updated review of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. Drugs 1996 ; 51 : 1019 – 1074.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreference107.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of tuberculosis in facilities providing long-term care to the elderly. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR 1990 ; 39 (No. RR–10): 7 – 20.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGross PA, Barrett TL & Dellinger EP et al. Purpose of quality standards for infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 1994 ; 18 : 421.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.