Self-Construals, Coping, and Stress in Cross-Cultural Adaptation
dc.contributor.author | Cross, Susan | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-04-13T18:32:56Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-04-13T18:32:56Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1995 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Cross, Susan (1995). "Self-Construals, Coping, and Stress in Cross-Cultural Adaptation." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 6(26): 673-697. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/66471> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-0221 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/66471 | |
dc.description.abstract | This study examines differences in the independent and interdependent self-construals of American and East Asian students studying in the United States and the influence of these self-construals on coping and stress. Path analysis revealed that the importance of the independent self-construal was positively related to direct coping strategies, which predicted reduced levels of stress for the international students. Ratings of the importance of the interdependent self-construal were positively related to increased stress for the Asian students. The self-constuals and direct coping were the strongest predictors of stress for East Asian students; variables commonly identified in other research addressing cross-cultural adaptation (e.g., number of host country friends, relationships with conationals, language ability, and previous cross-cultural experience) did not significantly predict stress for the international students. The effects of the self-construals and coping were moderated by culture, however, and were not predictive of perceived stress for American students. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 3108 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 2420840 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.publisher | SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. | en_US |
dc.title | Self-Construals, Coping, and Stress in Cross-Cultural Adaptation | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Psychology | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Social Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | University of Michigan | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66471/2/10.1177_002202219502600610.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1177/002202219502600610 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Adelman, M. B. (1988). Cross-cultural adjustment: A theoretical perspective on social support. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 183-204. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Alwin, D. F., & Hauser, R. M. (1975). The decomposition of effects in path analysis. American Sociological Review, 40, 37-47. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Armes, K., & Ward, C. (1989). Cross-cultural transitions and sojourner adjustment in Singapore. Journal of Social Psychology, 129, 273-275. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asher, H. B. (1983). Causal modeling. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bachnik, J. M. (1992). The two "faces" of self and society in Japan. Ethos, 20, 3-32. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barna, L. M. (1983). The stress factor in intercultural relations. In D. Landis & R. W. Brislin (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (pp. 19-49). New York: Pergamon. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baumeister R. (1987). How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 163-176. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bern, D. (1967). Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review, 74, 183-200. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21, 491-511. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bochner, S. (1986). Coping with unfamiliarcultures: Adjustment or culture learning?Australian Journal of Psychology, 38, 347-358. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bochner, S., Mc Leod, B. M., & Lin, A. (1977). Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model. International Journal of Psychology, 12, 277-294. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bond, M. H., & Hwang, K. K. (1986). The social psychology of the Chinese people. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), Psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 213-266). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bond, M. H., Wan, K. C., Leung, K., & Giacalone, R. (1985). How are responses to verbal insult related to cultural collectivism and power distance?Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16, 111-127. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bontempo, R. (1993). Translation fidelity of psychological scales: An item response theory analysis of an individualism-collectivism scale. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 149-166. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bourne, P. G. (1975). The Chinese student: Acculturation and mental illness. Psychiatry, 38, 269-277. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boyer, S. P., & Sedlacek, W. E. (1988). Noncognitive predictors of academic success for international students: A longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 218-223. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Breckler, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (1986). Motivational facets of the self. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (pp. 145-164). New York: Guilford. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Breckler, S. J., Greenwald, A. G., & Wiggins, E. C. (1986, April). Public, private, and collective self-evaluation: Measurement of individual differences. Paper presented at the International Research and Exchanges Board conference on Self and Social Involvement, Princeton, NJ. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137-164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Caplan, R. D. (1983). Person-environment fit: Past, present, and future. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Stress research (pp. 35-78). New York: Wiley. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Christopher, J. C. (1992). The role of individualism in psychological well-being: Exploring the interplay of ideology, culture, and social science. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Department of Educational Psychology. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Church, A. T. (1982). Sojourner adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 540-572. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Merrnelstein, R. (1983). Aglobal measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cousins, S. D. (1989). Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 124-131. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and the ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 60-67. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cross, S. E. (1990). The role of the self-concept in cross-cultural adaptation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Psychology. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Doi, L. T. (1986). The anatomy of self. Tokyo: Kodansha. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Furnham, A. (1988). The adjustment of sojourners. In Y. Y Kim & W. B. Gundykunst (Eds.), Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches (pp. 42-61). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Furnham, A., & Alibhai, N. (1985). The friendship networks of foreign students: A replication and extension of the functional model. International Journal of Psychology, 20,709-722. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1986). Culture shock: Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environments. New York: Methuen. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greenwald, A. G., & Breckler, S. J. (1985). To whom is the self presented? In B. R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life (pp. 126-145). New York: Mc Graw-Hill. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greenwald, A. G., & Praktanis, A. R. (1984). The self. In R. S. Wyer & T. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 129-178). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Guthrie, G. M. (1979). A cross-cultural odyssey: Some personal reflections. In A. J. Marsella, R. G. Tharp, & T. J. Ciborowski (Eds.), Perspectives on cross-cultural psychology (pp. 349-368). New York: Academic Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hammer, M. R. (1987). Behavioral dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: A replication and extension. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 11, 65-88. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: Mc Graw-Hill. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hsu, F.L.K. (1971). Psycho-social homeostasis and jen: Conceptual tools for advancing psychological anthropology. American Anthropologist, 73, 23-44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huang, K. (1977). Campus mental health: The foreigner at your desk. Journal of the American College Health Association, 25, 216-219. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hull, W. F. (1978). Foreign students in the United States of America: Coping behavior within the educational environment. New York: Praeger. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hwang, K. K. (1978). The dynamic processes of coping with interpersonal conflicts in a Chinese society. Proceedings of the National Science Council, 2, 198-208. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kealey, D. J. (1989). A study of cross-cultural effectiveness: Theoretical issues, practical applications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 387-428. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kim, Y. Y., & Gundykunst, W. B. (1988). Cross-cultural adaptation: Current approaches. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Klein, M. H., Alexander, A. A., Tseng, K. H., Miller, M. H., Yeh, E. K., Chu, H. M., & Workneh, F. (1971). The foreign student adaptation program: Social experiences of Asian students in the U.S.International Educational and Cultural Exchange, 6,77-90. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kleinberg, O., & Hull, W. F. (1979). At aforeign university: An international study of adaptation and coping. New York: Praeger. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leavy, R. L. (1983). Social support and psychological disorder: Areview. Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 3-21. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lebra, K. S. (1976). Japanese patterns of behavior. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lin, N., Simeone, R. S., Ensel, W. M., & Kuo, W. (1979). Social support, stressful life events, and illness: A model and an empirical test. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 176-188. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Marks, G. (1984). Thinking one's abilities are unique and one's opinions are common. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2, 165-177. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Markus, H., & Cross, S. E. (1990). The interpersonal self. In L. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality theory and research (pp. 576-608). New York: Guilford. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Markus, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and behavior. Psychological Review, 98, 224-251. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299-337. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Miller, J. G. (1988). Bridging the content-structure dichotomy: Culture and the self. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to socialpsychology (pp. 266-281). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Niedenthal, P. M., Cantor, N., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1985). Prototype-matching: A strategy for social decision-making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 575-584. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Oberg, K. (1960). Culture shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology, 7, 177-182. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rosenberger, N. R. (1989). Dialectic balance in the polar model of self: The Japan case. Ethos, 17,88-113. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rothbaum, R., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42,5-37. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sandier, B., & Hall, R. (1986). The campus climate revisited: Chilly for women faculty, administrators, and graduate students. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges, Project on the Status and Education of Women. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Searle, W., &Ward, C. (1990). Theprediction of psychological and sociocultunl adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. Intenational Joumal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 449-464. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shweder, R. A., & Boume, E. J. (1984). Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally? In R. A. Schweder & R. A. Le Vine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self; and emotion (pp. 158-199). London: Cambridge University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent selfconstruals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580-591. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Spaulding, S., & Flack, M. J. (1976). The world's students in the United States: A review and evaluation of research on foreign students. New York: Praeger. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261-302). New York: Academic Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stening, B. W. (1979). Problems in cross-cultural contact: A literature review. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 3, 269-313. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). New York: Academic Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Trafimow, D., Triandis, H. C., & Goto, S. G. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 649-655. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96,506-520. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Triandis, H. C., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M. J., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323-338. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Triandis, H. C., Brislin, R., & Hui, H. (1988). Cross-cultural training across the individualism-collectivism divide. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 269-289. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Triandis, H. C., Leung, K., Villareal, M., & Clack, F. L. (1985). Allocentric vs. idiocentric tendencies: Convergent and discriminant validation. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 395-415. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Triandis, H. C., Mc Cusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1006-1020. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tu, W. M. (1985). Selfhood and otherness in Confucian thought. In A. J. Marsella, G. De Vos, & F.L.K. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and the self (pp. 231-251). New York: Tavistock. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1992). Locus of control, mood disturbance, and social difficulty during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 175-194. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ward, C., & Kennedy, A. (1993). Where's the "culture" in cross-cultural transition?Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 221-249. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weisz, J. R., Rothbaum, F. M., & Blackburn, T. C. (1984). Standing out and standing in: The psychology of control in America and Japan. American Psychologist, 39, 955-969. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wheeler, L., Reis, H. T., & Bond, M. H. (1989). Collectivism and individualism in everyday social life: The middle kingdom and the melting pot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57,79-86. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Widnall, S. (1988). AAAS presidential lecture: Voices from the pipeline. Science, 241, 1740-1745. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wu, P. (1984). Varieties of the Chinese self. In V. Kavolis (Ed.), Designs of selfhood (pp. 107-131). Canterbury, NJ: Associated University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yamaguchi, S. (1990). Personality and cognitive correlates of collectivism among the Japanese: Validation of collectivism scale. Unpublished paper, University of Tokyo, Department of Social Psychology. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yamaguchi, S. (1994). Collectivism among the Japanese: A perspectivefrom the self. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 175-188). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yamaguchi, S., Kuhlman, D. M., & Sugimori, S. (1995). Personality correlates of allocentric tendencies in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26,658-672. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yang, K. S. (1986). Chinese personality and its change. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), Psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 107-170). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yao, E. (1983). Chinese students in American universities. Texas Tech Journal of Education, 10, 35-42. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zaharna, R. S. (1989). Self-shock: The double-binding challenge of identity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 501-525. | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe its collections in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in them. We encourage you to Contact Us anonymously if you encounter harmful or problematic language in catalog records or finding aids. More information about our policies and practices is available at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.