Show simple item record

Laboratory Tests of a Motivational-Perceptual Model of Conflict Escalation

dc.contributor.authorPeterson, Billen_US
dc.contributor.authorWinter, David G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDoty, Richarden_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-13T19:41:21Z
dc.date.available2010-04-13T19:41:21Z
dc.date.issued1994en_US
dc.identifier.citationPeterson, Bill; Winter, David; Doty, Richard (1994). "Laboratory Tests of a Motivational-Perceptual Model of Conflict Escalation." Journal of Conflict Resolution 4(38): 719-748. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67662>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0022-0027en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67662
dc.description.abstractWe present a model suggesting that international conflicts escalate to violence when countries (a) express higher levels of power motive imagery, (b) exaggerate levels of perceived power motive imagery in communications and statements from the “other” side, and (c) express still higher levels of power motive imagery as a result of such exaggerated perceptions. The model is supported by three studies. In the first two, participants wrote replies to one of two versions of the same letter taken from a real crisis. The third study explored conditions that affect the exaggerated perception of power motive imagery of the other side by asking participants to highlight the important points of a letter from a real crisis, under neutral conditions and under conditions arousing power motivation. The role of psychological variables in the escalation of conflicts to violence is discussed.en_US
dc.format.extent3108 bytes
dc.format.extent2835750 bytes
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.publisherSage Periodicals Pressen_US
dc.titleLaboratory Tests of a Motivational-Perceptual Model of Conflict Escalationen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPolitical Scienceen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelGovernment, Politics and Lawen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michiganen_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniversity of New Hampshireen_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67662/2/10.1177_0022002794038004007.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0022002794038004007en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlani, M. M. 1990. Operation vantage: British military intervention in Kuwait 1961. Surbiton, England: LAAM.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAngell, N. 1910. The great illusion: A study of the relation of military power in nations to their economic and social advantage. London: Heinemann.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlake, R. R., and J. S. Mouton. 1962. Comprehension of own and outgroup positions under intergroup competition. Journal of Conflict Resolution5:304-310.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlight, J. G., and D. A. Welch. 1989. On the brink: Americans and Soviets reexamine the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Hill and Wang.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrockner, J., and J. Z. Rubin. 1985. Entrapment in escalating conflicts: A social psychological analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChoucri, N., and R. C. North. 1975. Nations in conflict. San Francisco: Freeman.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClausewitz, K. von. [1831] 1962. War, politics, and power. Edited by E. M. Collins. New York: Henry Regnery (Gateway Editions).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavies, J. C. 1969. The J-curve of rising and declining satisfactions as a cause of some great revolutions and a contained rebellion. In The history of violence in America, edited by H. D. Graham and T. R. Gurr, 690-729. New York: Bantam Books.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDyck, R. J., and B. G. Rule. 1978. Effect on retaliation of causal attributions concerning attack. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology36:521-529.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEiser, J. R. 1980. Cognitive social psychology. London: Mc Graw-Hill.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrank, J. D. 1986. The role of pride. In Psychology and the prevention of nuclear war, edited by R. K. White, 220-226. New York: New York University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreud, S. [1933] 1964. On war. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. Ed. and Trans. J. Strachey. Vol. 22, 197-215. London: Hogarth Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeorge, A. L., ed. 1991. Avoiding war: Problems of crisis management. Boulder, CO: Westview.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGlad, B., ed. 1990. Psychological dimensions of war. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroebel, J., and R. A. Hinde., eds. 1989. Aggression and war: Their biological and social causes. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHermann, M. G. 1980a. Assessing the personalities of Soviet Politburo members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin6:332-352.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHermann, M. G. 1980b. Explaining foreign policy behavior using personal characteristics of political leaders. International Studies Quarterly24:7-46.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolsti, O. 1972. Crisis, escalation, war. Montreal: Mc Gill University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolsti, O. R., R. C. North, and R. A. Brody. 1968. Perception and action in the 1914 crisis. In Quantitative international politics: Insights and evidence, edited by J. D. Singer, 123-158. New York: Free Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHovland, C. I., and M. Sherif. 1952. Judgmental phenomena and scales of attitude measurement: Item displacement in Thurstone scales. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology47:822-832.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJarausch, K. H. 1973. The enigmatic chancellor: Bethmann-Hollweg and the hubris of imperial Germany. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJervis, R. 1976. Perception and misperception in international relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJoll, J. 1968. 1914: The unspoken assumptions. London: Wedenfeld and Nicolson.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlein, M. W., and N. Maccoby. 1954. Newspaper activity in the 1952 campaign. Journalism Quarterly31:285-296.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKomorita, S. S., J. A. Hilty, and C. D. Parks. 1991. Reciprocity and cooperation in social dilemmas. Journal of Conflict Resolution35:494-518.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeng, R. J. 1993. Reciprocating influence strategies in interstate crisis bargaining. Journal of Conflict Resolution37:3-41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeng, R. J., and S. G. Walker. 1982. Comparing two studies of crisis bargaining: Confrontation, coercion, and reciprocity. Journal of Conflict Resolution26:571-591.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLeng, R. J., and H. G. Wheeler. 1979. Influence strategies, success, and war. Journal of Conflict Resolution23:655-684.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Adams, D. P. 1985. Power, intimacy and the life story. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Calla, R. B. 1992. Uncertain perceptions: U.S. Cold War crisis decision making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Clelland, D. C. 1975. Power: The inner experience. New York: Irvington.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Clelland, D. C. 1976. The achieving society (with a new introduction). New York: Irvington.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Clelland, D. C. 1985. Human motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Clelland, D. C., R. J. Davidson, and C. Saron. 1980. Effects of personality and semantic content of stimuli on augmenting and reducing in the event-related potential. Biological Psychology11:249-255.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Clelland, D. C., R. J. Davidson, C. Saron, and E. Floor. 1980. The need for power, brain norepinephrine turnover, and learning. Biological Psychology10:93-102.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMurray, H. A. 1938. Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNelson, K. L., and S. C. Olin. 1979. Why war? Ideology, theory, and history. Berkeley: University of California Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNeustadt, R. E., and E. R. May. 1986. Thinking in time: The uses of history for decision-makers. New York: Free Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNevin, J. A., and K. Fuld. 1993. On armament traps and how to get out of them: Lessons from research on doves. Behavior and Social Issues3:63-74.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRule, B. G., and P. Duker. 1973. Effects of intentions and consequences on children's evaluations of aggressors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology27:184-189.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmookler, A. B. 1984. The parable of the tribes: The problem of power in social evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchnackers, U., and U. Kleinbeck. 1975. Machmotiv und machtthematisches Verhalten in einem Verhandlungsspiel [Power motivation and power-related behavior in a bargaining game]. Archiv fuer Psychologie127:300-319.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSinger, J. D. 1989. The political origins of international war: A multifactorial review. In Aggression and war: Their biological and social causes, edited by J. Groebel and R. A. Hinde, 202-220. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith, C. P., ed. 1992. Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSmith, C. P., S. C. Feld, and C. E. Franz. 1992. Methodological considerations: Steps in research employing content analysis systems. In Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis, edited by C. P. Smith, 515-536. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSorenson, T. C. 1965. Kennedy. New York: Harper and Row.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSteele, R. S. 1977. Power motivation, activation, and inspirational speeches. Journal of Personality45:53-64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStewart, A. J., and N. L. Chester. 1982. Sex differences in human social motives: Achievement, affiliation, and power. In Motivation and society, edited by A. J. Stewart, 172-218. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStewart, A. J., and D. G. Winter. 1976. Arousal of the power motive in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology44:495-496.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuedfeld, P. 1992. Bilateral relations between countries and the complexity of newspaper editorials. Political Psychology13:601-611.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuedfeld, P., and S. Bluck. 1988. Changes in integrative complexity prior to surprise attacks. Journal of Conflict Resolution32:626-635.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuefeld, P., and P. E. Tetlock. 1977. Integrative complexity of communications in international crises. Journal of Conflict Resolution21:169-184.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuefeld, P., P. E. Tetlock, and C. Ramirez. 1977. War, peace, and integrative complexity: UN speeches on the Middle East problem, 1947-1976. Journal of Conflict Resolution21:427-442.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuefeld, P., P. E. Tetlock, and S. Streufert. 1992. Conceptual/integrative complexity. In Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis, edited by C. P. Smith, 393-400. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTajfel, H. 1981. Human groups and social categories. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeger, A., M. Cary, A. Katcher, and J. Hillis. 1980. Too much invested to quit. New York: Pergamon.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTerhune, K. W. 1968. Motives, situation, and interpersonal conflict within prisoners' dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph Supplement8(3), part 2.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTetlock, P. E. 1988. Monitoring the integrative complexity of American and Soviet policy rhetoric: What can be learned?Journal of Social Issues44(2): 101-131.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTetlock, P. E., and A.S.R. Manstead. 1985. Impression management versus intrapsychic explanations in social psychology: A useful dichotomy?Psychological Review92:59-77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTetlock, P. E., R. S. Peterson, and J. M. Berry. 1993. Flattering and unflattering personality portraits of integratively simple and complex managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology64:500-511.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. Department of Commerce. 1990, August 22. Open letter from Saddam Hussein to George Bush, on August 21, 1990 (pp. 26-7). Foreign Broadcast Information Services.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceU.S. Department of State. 1973. Bulletin (vol. 69, pp. 640-643). November 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWatt, D. C. 1965. The Kuwait incident. In Survey of international affairs 1961, edited by D. C. Watt, 519-545. London: Oxford University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeiner, B. 1985. Human motivation. New York: Springer-Verlag.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWhite, R. K. 1984. Fearful warriors: A psychological profile of U.S.-Soviet relations. New York: Free Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWicker, F. W., F. B. Lambert, F. C. Richardson, and J. Kohler. 1984. Categorical goal hierarchies and classification of human motives. Journal of Personality52:285-305.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWiggins, J. S. 1980. Circumplex models of interpersonal behavior. In Review of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 1, edited by L. Wheeler, 265-294. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1973. The power motive. New York: Free Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1980. Measuring the motive patterns of southern Africa political leaders at a distance. Political Psychology2(2): 75-85.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1987a. Enhancement of enemy's power motivation as a dynamic of escalation in conflict situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology52:41-46.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1987b. Power motive distortion in British and German newspapers and diplomatic dispatches at the outbreak of World War I. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, April, in Arlington, VA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1988. The power motive in women—and men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology54:510-519.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1991a. Measuring personality at a distance: Development of an integrated system for scoring motives in running text. In Perspectives in personality: Approaches to understanding lives, edited by A. J. Stewart, J. M. Healy, Jr., and D. J. Ozer, 59-89. London: Jessica Kingsley.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1991b. Power motivation, attributed power motivation, and war. Paper presented at the Sixth Personality Theory Conference, California School of Professional Psychology, April 6, in Alhambra, CA.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1992a. Content analysis of archival data, personal documents, and everyday verbal productions. In Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis, edited by C. P. Smith, 110-125. New York: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1992b. Personality and foreign policy: Historical overview of research. In Political psychology and foreign policy, edited by E. Singer and V. Harper, 79-101. Boulder, CO: Westview.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1993a. Exploring the Psychological Roots of War and Peace: Motivation, Responsibility, and Cognitive Complexity in “War” and “Peace” Crises. Project proposal to the United States Institute of Peace (Grant 046-92S). University of Michigan, Department of Psychology.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1993b. Power, affiliation and war: Three tests of a motivational model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology65:532-545.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G. 1994. Power motive distortion in “war” versus “peace” crises: Britain and Germany at the outbreak of World War I and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Unpublished Paper, University of Michigan.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G., and N. B. Barenbaum. 1985. Responsibility and the power motive in women and men. Journal of Personality53:335-355.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWinter, D. G., and A. J. Stewart. 1978. The power motive. In Dimensions of personality, edited by H. London and J. Exner, 391-447. New York: Wiley.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYoungs, G. A. 1986. Patterns of threat and punishment reciprocity in a conflict setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology51:541-546.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZinnes, D. A. 1968. The expression and perception of hostility in prewar crisis: 1914. In Quantitative international politics: Insights and evidence, edited by J. D. Singer, 85-119. New York: Free Press.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.