Casting Metals in Dentistry: Past - Present - Future
dc.contributor.author | Asgar, Kamal | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-04-13T19:47:02Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-04-13T19:47:02Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1988 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Asgar, K. (1988). "Casting Metals in Dentistry: Past - Present - Future." Advances in Dental Research 1(2): 33-43. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67759> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0895-9374 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/67759 | |
dc.description.abstract | This article deals mainly with the development of dental casting techniques and formulation of the different groups of alloys used in the fabrication of ceramo-metal restorations. It is recognized that in order for the quality of dental cast restorations to be improved, having alloys with the proper composition is not enough. Biocompatibility, good mechanical and physical properties, longevity of the restoration, compatibility with porcelain, and a simple manipulative technique are as important. Researchers have contributed to different aspects of dental castings and have made cast restorations what they are today. Unfortunately, much of the original basic research has been overlooked by present investigators, who have duplicated studies conducted in the past without realizing that the study had already been performed and the research had been published. The main reason for this is that abstracts of articles published prior to 1975 are not available through a library computer-search system. To obtain copies of articles published prior to 1975, one has to search the literature to know where they were published. This article provides references for much of the past work in this area. Also, dental libraries do not carry copies of U.S. patents. This places the majority of researchers located at dental schools at a disadvantage. They are not familiar with what the patents claim, what is taught, and why certain elements are added or eliminated from alloys and investment materials. This article also provides the numbers of many U.S. patents. By having the patent number, one can obtain the text of the patent from the U.S. Patent Office in Washington, DC. Since esthetics plays an important role in today's society, emphasis will be given only to alloys designed for fabrication of ceramo-metal restorations. Many ceramo-metal alloys are available today, and they are classified differently by different individuals. In this article, classification will be based on the major components of these alloys, as well as on a chronological introduction of one group leading to the development of the next group. Based on this, one can classify these alloys into six major groups. Chemical composition, properties, and the developers of these alloys, along with their U.S. patents, are given. Recently, two types of all-ceramic restorations have been introduced. The main advantage of the all-ceramic restoration is its superior esthetic quality compared with that of ceramo-metal restorations. Their main disadvantages are low strength and ductility. Their strength, however, is sufficient for single-unit restorations, but not for bridgework. The use of titanium for dental restorations has also been studied, and it has been found to be suitable. Future Studies - Future work should be devoted to the following: (1) the development of stronger and more ductile ceramic materials: (2) further study of the promising palladium alloys from the noble metal group and titanium alloys from the base metal group; (3) the development of easier and less-time-consuming techniques for the fabrication of dental appliances; (4) the development of a powder technique rather than a cast technique for future fabrication methods; and (5) the development of new laboratory equipment, e.g., a single sintering oven capable of sintering both ceramic and metallic particles, which would be accepted if the powder technique is developed. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 3108 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 1290174 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.publisher | SAGE Publications | en_US |
dc.title | Casting Metals in Dentistry: Past - Present - Future | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Dentistry | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67759/2/10.1177_08959374880020011701.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1177/08959374880020011701 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Adair, P.J. (1984): Glass-ceramic Dental Product, US Patent 4,431,420. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Agarwal, D.P.; Ingersoll, C.E.; and Sorenson, S.E. (1978): Measurement of Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of a Ceramic Alloy, IADR Prog & Abst 57: No. 726. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J. (1985): Flexure Test Evaluation of Presoldered Base Metal Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 54: 507. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Dehoff, P.H.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1980): Comparative Evaluation of Ceramic-Metal Bond Tests Using Finite Element Stress Analysis, J Dent Res 59: 608. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Dehoff, P.H.; and Lockwood, P.C. (1983): A Test Method for Measurement of Metal Ceramic System Distortion Effects, J Dent Res 62: 255. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Dehoff, P.H.; Gray, A.; and Lee, R.B. (1986): Delayed Crack Propagation in Porcelain due to Incompatibility Stress, J Dent Res 65: 343. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J. and Hojjatie, B. (1986): Stress Distribution in Metal-Ceramic Crowns with a Facial Porcelain Margin, J Dent Res 65: 194. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1977a): Adherence Controlling Elements in Ceramic-Metal Systems, Part 1, J Dent Res 56: 1045. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1977b): Adherence Controlling Elements in Ceramic-Metal Systems, Part 2, J Dent Res 56: 1053. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1977c): Bonding Mechanism Evidence in a Ceramic Non-precious Alloy System, J Biomed Mater Res 11: 701. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1979): Identification of Fracture Zones in Porcelain-veneered-to-Metal Bond Test Specimens by ESCA Analysis, J Prosthet Dent 56: 1045. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anusavice, K.J.; Twiggs, S.W.; and Dehoff, P.H. (1982): Correlation of Thermal Shock Resistance with Thermal Compatibility for Metal-Porcelain Systems, J Dent Res 61: 419. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K. and Arfaei, A.H. (1976): Testing of Bond Strain at the Porcelain-Metal Interface, IADR Prog & Abst 55: 508. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Dootz, E.; and Shadmehr, B. (1986): Physical Properties of 81 Alloys of Pd-Co-Ga-In System. In: Proceedings, Precious Metals 1985, E.D. Zysk and J.A. Bonucci, Eds., Allentown, PA: International Precious Metals Institute, pp. 311-331. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K. and Giday, Z. (1978): Refinements on Testing of Porcelain to Metal Bond, IADR Prog & Abst 57: 870. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Hamerink, H.A.; and Arfaei, A. (1975): A Push-shear Test for Porcelain to Metal Bond, IADR Prog & Abst 54: 456. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Mahler, D.B.; and Peyton, F.A. (1954): The Behavior and Measurement of Hygroscopic Expansion of Dental Casting Investment, J Dent Res 33: 519. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Mahler, D.B.; and Peyton, F.A. (1955): Hygroscopic Technic for Inlay Casting Using Controlled Water Addition, J Prosthet Dent 5: 711. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Mahler, D.B.; and Peyton, F.A. (1958): Further Investigation into the Nature of Hygroscopic Expansion of Dental Casting Investment, J Prosthet Dent 8: 673. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Asgar, K.; Morris, H.; and Dootz, E. (1982): Properties and Composition of Many Newly Developed Crown and Bridge Alloys, J Dent Res 61: 284. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. (1983a): Oxidation Kinetics of Some Ni-Cr Alloys, J Dent Res 62: 51, Abst. No. 349. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. (1983b): Topography and Composition of Oxides on Ni-Cr Alloys, J Dent Res 62: 688. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. (1984a): Auger Chemical Analysis of Oxides on Ni-Cr Alloys, J Dent Res 63: 76. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. (1984b): Oxide Compounds on Ni-Cr Alloys, J Dent Res 63: 1332. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. and Woodland, E.C. (1981a): Forming of Cast Precious Metal Alloys, J Dent Res 60: 1767. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Baran, G. and Woodland, E.C. (1981b): Work Hardening and Forming Behavior of Cast Dental Alloys, J Biomed Mater Res 15: 835. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barreto, M.T.; Goldberg, A.J.; Nitkin, D.A.; and Mum-Ford, G. (1980): Effect of Investment on Casting High-fusing Alloys, J Dent Res 44: 504. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Beall, G.H. (1972): Mica Glass-ceramics, US Patent 3,689,293. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bertolotti, R.L. (1980): Calculation of Interfacial Stress on Porcelain-fused-to-Metal System, J Dent Res 59: 1972. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bertolotti, R.L. and Fukui, H. (1982): Measurement of Softening Temperatures in Dental Bake-on Porcelain, J Dent Res 61: 480. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bertolotti, R.L. and Shelby, J.E. (1979): Viscosity of Dental Porcelain as a Function of Temperature, J Dent Res 58: 2001. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Blanco-Dalmau, L. (1983): Preventing Green Discoloration of Porcelain Baked Over Silver-Palladium Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 50: 865. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boyajian, B.K. (1981): Palladium Based Dental Alloy Containing Indium and Tin, US Patent 4,261,744. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boyajian, B.K. (1982): Palladium Based Dental Alloy Containing Indium and Tin, US Patent 4,319,877. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brockhurst, P.J.; Mc Laverty, V.G.; and Kasloff, Z. (1983): A Castability Standard for Alloys Used in Restorative Dentistry, Oper Dent 8: 130. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Burse, A.B.; Swartz, M.L.; Phillips, R.W.; and Dykema, R.W. (1972): Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo Tarnish of Three Gold Alloys, J Biomed Mater Res 6: 267. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Caputo, A.A.; Dunn, B.; and Reisbick, M.H. (1977): A Flexural Method for Evaluation of Metal-ceramic Bond Strengths, J Dent Res 56: 1501. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Caputo, A.A. and Matyas, J. (1983): New Generation High Palladium Casting Alloys, J Dent Res 62: 688, Abst. No. 344. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. (1978): Dental Alloy, US Patent 4,023,262. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. (1979): Effect of Thermal Properties on Porcelain-to-Metal Compatibility, IADR Prog & Abst 58: No. 683. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. (1983): Oxide Formation on Palladium Alloys and Its Effect on Porcelain Adherence, J Dent Res 62: 255. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. (1985a): Low Gold Dental Alloy, US Patent 4,539,176. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. (1985b): Non-staining Palladium Based Dental Alloys, US Patent 4,526,750. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J.; Massimo, M.; and Tuccillo, J.J. (1978): Theoretical Interfacial Reactions Responsible for Bonding in Porcelain-to-Metal Systems. Part II-Oxidation of Alloys, IADR Prog & Abst 57: No. 872. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. and Nabatian, D. (1982): Determination of Thermal Expansion Compatibility Limits for Porcelain-Metal Systems, IADR Prog & Abst 61: No. 1365. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cascone, P.J. and Tuccillo, J.J. (1977): Theoretical Interfacial Reactions Responsible for Bonding in Porcelain-to-Metal Systems, AADR Prog & Abst 56: No. 640. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cecconi, B.T. and Asgar, K. (1975): Modified Hygroscopic Gold Casting Technique, J Prosthet Dent 33: 216. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Civjan, S.; Huget, E.F.; De Simon, L.B.; and Risinger, R.J. (1974): Determination of Apparent Bond Strength of Alloy-Porcelain Systems, IADR Prog & Abst 53: No. 742. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Civjan, S.; Huget, E.F.; Dvivedi, N.; and Cosner, H.J., Jr. (1975): Further Studies on Gold Alloys used in Fabrication of Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restorations, J Am Dent Assoc 90: 659. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Civjan, S.; Huget, E.F.; and Marsden, J.E. (1972): Characteristics of Two Gold Alloys used in Fabrication of Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restorations, J Am Dent Assoc 85: 1309. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Coleman, R.L. and Weinstein, L.J. (1933): Investment, US Patent 1,932,202. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Coy, H.D. (1933): An Application of Recent Developments in Inlay Castings, J Am Dent Assoc 20: 212. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Crawford, W.H. (1940): Selection and Use of Investment Sprue in Making Small Castings, J Am Dent Assoc 27: 1459. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | De Rijk, W.G. and Tesk, J.A. (1986): The Distribution of Failure Stresses in Porcelain to Metal System, J Dent Res 65: 217, Abst. No. 431. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Degni, F. (1946): The Hygroscopic Expansion of Dental Investment, Thesis, Northwestern Univ Dent Sch. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dehoff, P.H. and Anusavice, K.J. (1985): Analysis of Alloy Porcelain Compatibility Using a Multicomponent Material Strip Equation, J Dent Res 64: 1337. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dehoff, P.H. and Anusavice, K.J. (1986): Influence of Geometry on Incompatibility in Metal-Ceramic Systems, J Dent Res 65: 217. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Delgado, V.P. and Peyton, F.A. (1953): The Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investment, J Prosthet Dent 3: 423. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Delong, R.; Douglas, W.H.; and Goodkind, R.J. (1982): Corrosion-fatigue of the Bond Between Nickel-chrome Casting Alloys and Porcelain, J Prosthet Dent 52: 344. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dickson, G.; Lyon, H.W.; and Schoonover, I.C. (1955): The Mechanism of Hygroscopic Expansion in Dental Castings, J Dent Res 34: 44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Docking, A.R.; Chong, M.P.; and Donnison, J.A. (1948a): Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investments, Aust Dent J 52: 6. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Docking, A.R.; Chong, M.P.; and Donnison, J.A. (1948b): Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investments, Aust Dent J 52: 160. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Docking, A.R.; Chong, M.P.; and Donnison, J.A. (1948c): Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investments, Aust Dent J 52: 320. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Docking, A.R.; Chong, M.P.; and Donnison, J.A. (1949): Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investments, Aust Dent J 53: 261. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dootz, E.R. and Asgar, K. (1986): Solidification Patterns of Single Crowns and Three-unit Bridge Castings, Quintessence Dent Tech 10: 299. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dootz, E.R.; Craig, R.G.; and Peyton, F.A. (1966): A New "Shell Casting" Technic, Dent Lab Rev, July. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dudek, R.P. and Tesk, J.A. (1977): Evaluation of Alternative Alloys to Type III Gold for Use in Fixed Prosthodontics Critical of Techniques, J Am Dent Assoc 94: 24. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Eden, G.T.; Franklin, O.M.; Power, H.M.; Ohta, Y.; and Dickson, G. (1979): Fit of Porcelain Fused-to-Metal Crown and Bridge Castings, J Dent Res 58: 2360. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fairhurst, C.W.; Anusavice, K.J.; Hashinger, D.T.; Ringle, R.D.; and Twiggs, S.W. (1980): Thermal Expansion of Dental Alloys and Porcelains, J Biomed Mater Res 14: 435. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fairhurst, C.W.; Anusavice, K.J.; Ringle, R.D.; and Twiggs, S.W. (1981): Porcelain-Metal Thermal Compatibility, J Dent Res 60: 815. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fairhurst, C.W.; Ringle, R.D.; and Anusavice, K.J. (1979): Microstructures in Nonprecious Alloys Near the Porcelain-Metal Interaction Zone, J Dent Res 58: 1987. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Faucher, R.R. and Nicholls, J.I. (1980): Distortion Related to Margin Design in Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restorations, J Prosthet Dent 43: 149. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. (1957): Proposition of Theory on the Mechanism of Hygroscopic Expansion of Gypsum Products, Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 4: 225. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. (1958a): Factors and Techniques of Precision Casting, Part 1, J Prosthet Dent 9: 468. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. (1958b): Factors and Techniques of Precision Casting, Part 2, J Prosthet Dent 9: 486. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. (1959): Technical Procedure of Precision Casting, J Prosthet Dent 9: 1037. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. (1964): Synthetic Study on Precision Dental Casting, Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ 11: 165. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fusayama, T. and Yamane, M. (1973): Surface Roughness of Castings Made by Various Casting Techniques, J Prosthet Dent 19: 529. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fuys, R.A., Jr.; Craig, R.G.; and Asgar, K. (1976a): Characterization of Porosity of Isostatically Pressed and Sintered Nickel-base Powdered Metal, J Oral Rehabil 3: 217. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fuys, R.A., Jr.; Craig, R.G.; and Asgar, K. (1976b): Physical Properties of a Nickel-base Alloy Prepared by Isostatic Pressing and Sintering of the Powdered Metal, J Oral Rehabil 3: 151. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fuys, R.A.; Fairhurst, C.W.; and O'Brien, W.J. (1973): Precipitation Hardening in Gold-Platinum Alloys Containing Small Quantities of Iron, J Biomed Mater Res 7: 471. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greener, E.H.; Moser, J.B.; Opp, J.; Szurgot, K.; and Marker, B.C. (1986a): Dental Castability of Ti and Ti-6A1-4V, J Dent Res 65: 301, Abst. No. 1190. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greener, E.H.; Moser, J.B.; Opp, J.; Szurgot, K.; and Marker, B.C. (1986b): Properties of Centrifugally Cast Commercial Ti and Ti-6A1-4V, J Dent Res 65: 317, Abst. No. 1329. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Grossman, D.G. (1973): Tetrasilicic Mica Glass-ceramic Method, US Patent 3,732,087. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hinman, R.W. and Tesk, J.A. (1985): Improving the Casting Accuracy of Fixed Partial Dentures, J Prosthet Dent 53: 466. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hollenback, G.M. (1943): Precision Gold Inlays Made by a Simple Technic, J Am Dent Assoc 30: 99. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hollenback, G.M. (1948): Simple Technic for Accurate Castings : New and Original Method of Vacuum Investing, J Am Dent Assoc 36: 391. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huget, E.F.; Dvivedi, N.; and Cosner, H.E., Jr. (1976): Characterization of Gold-Palladium-Silver and Palladium-Silver for Ceramic-Metal Restorations, J Prosthet Dent 36: 58. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huget, E.F.; Dvivedi, N.; and Cosner, H.E., Jr. (1977): Properties of Two Nickel-Chromium Crown-and-Bridge Alloys for Porcelain Veneering, J Am Dent Assoc 94: 87. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huget, E.F.; Vermilyea, S.G.; and Vilca, J.M. (1978a): Studies on White Crown-and-Bridge Alloys, IADR Prog & Abst 57: No. 722. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huget, E.F.; Vilca, J.M.; and Wall, R.M. (1978b): Characterization of Two Ceramic-Base-Metal Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 40: 637. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1973): Bright Cast Alloy and Composition, US Patent 3,769,006. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1975a): Tarnish Resistant Palladium Base Dental Casting Alloy, US Patent 3,929,474. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1975b): Ceramic Substrate Alloy, US Patent 4,201,577. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1975c): Method of Investment Casting a Bright Gold Alloy, US Patent 3,861,455. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1975d): Tarnish Resistant Silver Base Dental Casting Alloy Having Superior Improved Ductility and Work Hardening Characteristics, US Patent 3,929,495. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1976): Characterization of Tarnish, IADR Prog & Abst 55: No. 144. [Also, Dent. Mat. Gp. microfilm, 1976.] | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1981): Ceramic Substrate Alloy, US Patent 4,249,943. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. (1982): A Porcelain Fused to Metal Technic, IADR Prog & Abst 61: No. 1504. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingersoll, C.E. and Agarwal, D.P. (1983): High Temperature Brazing Alloy, US Patent 4,399,096. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jochen, D.G.; Caputo, A.A.; and Matyas, J. (1985): Reuse of Silver Palladium Ceramic Metal, J Dent Res 64: 227, Abst. No. 472. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jorgensen, K.D. (1956): Studies on the Setting of Plaster of Paris, Scand J Dent Res 35: 499. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kaminski, R.A.; Anusavice, K.J.; Okabe, T.; Morse, P.K.; and Casteel, P.E. (1985): Castability of Silver-base Fixed Partial Denture Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 53: 329. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kelly, G.P. (1970): Study of Porosity and Voids in Dental Gold Castings, J Dent Res 49: 986. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kelly, M. and Asgar, K. (1969): Tensile Strength Determination of the Interface Between Porcelain Fused to Gold, J Biomed Mater Res 3: 403. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kusy, R.P. and Leinfelder, K.F. (1981): Age-hardening and Tensile Properties of Low Gold Alloys, J Biomed Mater Res 15: 117. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Landgren, N. and Peyton, F.A. (1950): Hygroscopic Expansion of Some Casting Investments, J Dent Res 29: 469. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lang, B.R.; Bernier, S.H.; Giday, Z.; and Asgar, K. (1982): Tarnish and Corrosion of Noble Metal Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 48: 245. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lasater, R.L. (1940): Control of Wax Distortion by Manipulation, J Am Dent Assoc 27: 518. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leinfelder, K.F.; O'Brien, W.J.; Ryge, G.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1966): Hardening of High-fusing Gold Alloys, J Dent Res 45: 392. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leinfelder, K.F.; Servais, W.J.; and O'Brien, W.J. (1969): Mechanical Properties of High-fusing Gold Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 21: 523. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Leinfelder, K.F. and Taylor, D.F. (1977): Hardening of Gold-Base Alloys, J Dent Res 56: 335. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lubovich, R.P. and Goodkind, R.J. (1977): Bond Strength Studies of Precious, Semiprecious, and Nonprecious Ceramic-metal Alloys With Two Porcelains, J Prosthet Dent 37: 288. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mackert, J.R., Jr.; Ringle, R.D.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1983): High Temperature Behavior of a Pd-Ag Alloy for Porcelain, J Dent Res 62: 1229. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mackert, J.R., Jr.; Ringle, R.D.; Parry, E.E.; Evans, A.L.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1986): A Constant-strain Flexure Apparatus Evaluating the Porcelain-metal Bond, J Dent Res 65: 218, Abst. No. 438. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mahler, D.B. and Ady, B.A. (1960): An Explanation for the Hygroscopic Setting Expansion of Dental Gypsum Products, J Dent Res 39: 578. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Marker, J.C.; Goodkind, R.J.; and Gerberich, W.W. (1986): The Compressive Strength of Nonprecious Versus Precious Ceramometal Restorations With Various Frame Designs, J Prosthet Dent 55: 560. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Martin, O. (1891): (No title), Dent Item Int 12: 575. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Maves, T.W. (1932): Recent Experiments Demonstrating Wax Distortion on All Wax Patterns When Heat is Applied, J Am Dent Assoc 19: 606. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mc Lean, J.W., Ed. (1979): The Science and Art of Dental Ceramics, Vol. I, Chicago : Quintessence Publishing. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mc Lean, J.W., Ed. (1980): The Science and Art of Dental Ceramics, Vol. II, Chicago : Quintessence Publishing. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mc Lean, J.W., Ed. (1983): Dental Ceramics, Proceedings, First International Symposium on Ceramics, Chicago: Quintessence Publishing. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mc Lean, J.W. and Sced, I.R. (1973a): Bonding of Dental Porcelain to Metal, Trans Br Ceram Soc 72: 235. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mc Lean, J.W. and Sced, I.R. (1973b): The Gold Alloy/Porcelain Bond, Trans Br Ceram Soc 72: 233. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meiser, E.T.; De Rijk, W.G.; and Tesk, J.A. (1985): Internal Setting Expansion of Dental Casting Investment Measured with Strain Gauges, J Prosthet Dent 53: 870. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Menis, D.L.; Moser, J.B.; and Greener, E.H. (1986): Experimental Porcelain Compositions for Application to Cast Titanium, J Dent Res 65: 343, Abst. No. 1565. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moffa, J.P. (1982): Biological Effects of Nickel-containing Dental Alloys, J Am Dent Assoc 104: 501. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moffa, J.P. and Dent, R.J. (1982): Effect of Oxidation on Ceramometal Bond Strength, J Prosthet Dent 47: 59. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moffa, J.P.; Jenkins, W.A.; and Ellison, J.A. (1984): A Clinical Evaluation of Two Base Metal Alloys and Gold Alloy for Use in Fixed Prosthodontics. A Five Year Study, J Prosthet Dent 52: 491. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moffa, J.P.; Lugassy, A.A.; Guckes, A.D.; and Gettle-Man, L. (1973): An Evaluation of Nonprecious Alloys for Use with Porcelain Veneers. Part 1. Physical Properties, J Prosthet Dent 30: 424. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mohammed, H. and Asgar, K. (1973a): A New Dental Superalloy System. Part I, Theory and Alloy Design, J Dent Res 52: 136. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mohammed, H. and Asgar, K. (1973b): A New Dental Superalloy System. Part II, Mechanical Properties, J Dent Res 52: 145. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mohammed, H. and Asgar, K. (1973c): A New Dental Superalloy System. Part III, Microstructure and Phase Transformations, J Dent Res 52: 151. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Moser, J.B.; Lin, J.-H.; Taira, M.; and Greener, E.H. (1984): Corrosion and Microhardness of Cu-Ti and Co-Ti Systems, J Dent Res 63: 259. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nakayama, M.; Moser, J.B.; and Greener, E.H. (1984): Corrosion and Tarnish of Aluminum Bronze, Dent Mat J 3: 133. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nally, J.-N. and Meyer, J.-M. (1969): Electron Microprobe Investigations on the Ceramic-to-gold Interface to Explain the Nature of the Chemical Bonding, IADR Prog & Abst 48: No. 592. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nally, J.-N.; Meyer, J.-M.; and Goeller, I. (1972): Comparative Study of Three Coating Agents and Their Influence on Bond Strength of Porcelain to Gold Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 28: 504. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nally, J.N.; Meyer, J.M.; and Payan, J. (1979): Evaluation of Alternative Alloys to Precious Ceramic Alloys. I. Mechanical Properties, J Oral Rehabil 6: 291. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nally, J.-N.; Monnier, D.; and Meyer, J.-M. (1968): Distribution Topographique de Certain Elements de L'alliage et de la Porcelain au Niveau de la Liaison Ceramo-Metallique, Schweiz Monats fuer Zahn 78: 868. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Natarajan, R.; Widera, G.E.O.; Min, B.J.; and Tesk, J.A. (1986): Residual Stress Distribution in Metallic Ceramic Crowns, J Dent Res 65: 343, Abst. No. 1566. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nielsen, J.P. (1978): Pressure Distribution in Centrifugal Dental Casting, J Dent Res 57: 261. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nielsen, J.P. and Shalita, S. (1977): Margin Casting Monitor, IADR Prog & Abst 56: No. 645. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nielsen, J.P. and Tuccillo, J.J. (1966): Grain Size in Cast Gold Alloys, J Dent Res 45: 964. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nielsen, J.P. and Tuccillo, J.J. (1969): Microprobe Analysis of the Porcelain-Gold Interface, IADR Prog & Abst 48: No. 594. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nielsen, J.P. and Tuccillo, J.J. (1971): Interfacial Stress Measurements in Bonded Porcelain-Gold Alloy Systems, IADR Prog & Abst 49: No. 315. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nitkin, D.A. and Asgar, K. (1976): Evaluation of Alternative Alloys to Type III Gold for Use in Fixed Prosthodontics, J Am Dent Assoc 93: 622. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | O'Brien, W.J. (1977): The Cohesive Plateau Stress of Ceramic-metal Systems, IADR Prog & Abst 56: No. 501. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | O'Brien, W.J.; Kring, J.E.; and Ryge, G. (1964): Heat Treatment of Alloys to Be Used for the Fused Porcelain Technique, J Prosthet Dent 14: 955. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | O'Brien, W.J. and Ryge, G. (1965): Contact Angles of Drops of Enamels on Metals, J Prosthet Dent 15: 1094. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ogura, H.; Raptis, C.N.; and Asgar, K. (1981): Inner Surface Roughness of Complete Cast Crowns Made by Centrifugal Casting Machines, J Prosthet Dent 45: 529. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Parry, E.E.; Mackert, J.R., Jr.; Ringle, R.D.; Evans, A.L.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1986): Improvement of Oxide Adherence to a Ni-Cr-Mo Ternary Alloy by Active Element Additions, J Dent Res 65: 218, Abst. No. 437. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pask, J.A., Ed. (1980): Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State, Vol. 3, London: Butterworths. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pask, J.A. and Borom, M.P. (1966): The Role of Adherence Oxides in the Role of Chemical Bonding at Glass-Metal Interfaces, J Am Ceram Soc 49: 1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pask, J.A. and Fulrath, R.M. (1962): Fundamentals of Glass-to-Metal Bonding, J Am Ceram Soc 45: 592. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pask, J.A. and Tomsia, A.P. (1985): Oxidation and Ceramic Coatings on Ni80Cr20 Alloy, J Dent Res 64: 227, Abst. No. 475. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pask, J.A.; Tomsia, A.P.; and Marshall, D.B. (1985): An Indentation Technique for Measuring Adherence at Glass/metal Interfaces, J Dent Res 64: 227, Abst. No. 476. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Philbrook, B.F. (1896-97): Cast Fillings, Trans Iowa State Dent Soc, p. 277. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Phillips, D.W. (1933): A Scientifically Correct Inlay Technique, Dent Dig 39: 72. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prasad, A. (1983a): Hot Tears vs. No Tears, Dent Lab Rev 58: 34. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prasad, A. (1983b): Palladium Based Dental Alloys, US Patent 4,412,970. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prasad, A. (1984): Dental Alloys for Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restorations, US Patent 4,451,639. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prasad, A. (1985a): Dental Alloy for Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restorations, US Patent 4,539,177. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prasad, A. (1985b): Gallium and Silver Free Palladium Based Dental Alloy for Porcelain-fused-to-Metal Restoration, US Patent 4,518,564. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rasmussen, E.J.; Goodkind, R.J.; and Gerberich, W.W. (1979): An Investigation of Tensile Strength of Dental Solder, J Prosthet Dent 41: 418. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Fairhurst, C.W.; and Anusavice, K.J. (1977): The Microstructure of Ni-Cr Alloys for Porcelain Fused to Metal Systems, Third Annual Meeting Soc for Biomat, Abstr. No. 1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Mackert, J.R., Jr.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1981): Oxidation Characteristics of Pd-Ag-Sn Alloys, IADR Prog & Abst 60: No. 832. [Also, Dent. Mat. Gp. microfilm, 1981.] | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Mackert, J.R., Jr.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1982): Use of Metallographic and EXDS Technique to Measure Adherent Porcelain, IADR Prog & Abst 61: No. 947. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Mackert, J.R., Jr.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1983): An X-ray Spectrometric Technique for Measuring Porcelain-Metal Adherence, J Dent Res 62: 933. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Mackert, J.R., Jr.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1986): Prevention of Porcelain Greening by External Oxidation in a Pd-Ag-Mn-Al Dental Alloy System, J Dent Res 65: 218, Abst. No. 436. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ringle, R.D.; Weber, R.L.; Anusavice, K.J.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1978): Thermal Expansion/contraction Behavior of Dental Porcelain-Alloy Systems, IADR Prog & Abst 57: No. 877. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rowe, A.P. and Asgar, K. (1976): Thermal Study of Porcelain Substrate Metals, IADR Prog & Abst 55: 505. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rowe, A.P.; Bigelow, W.C.; and Asgar, K. (1974): Effect of Tantalum Additions to a Cobalt-chromium-nickel Base Alloy, J Dent Res 53: 325. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rupp, N.W. (1985): Personal communication. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rupp, N.W. (1986): Personal communication. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ryge, G. and Fairhurst, C.W. (1956): Hygroscopic Expansion, J Dent Res 35: 499. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Schaffer, S.P. (1983): Novel Palladium Alloy and Dental Restorations Utilizing Same, US Patent 4,387,072. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scheu, C.H. (1932): A New Precision Casting Technique, J Am Dent Assoc 19: 630. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scheu, C.H. (1933): Precision Casting Utilizing Hygroscopic Action of Plaster in Investment in Making Expanded Mold, J Am Dent Assoc 20: 1205. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Schulman, A. and Nielsen, J.P. (1983): New Dental Casting Alloy, N Y State Dent J 49: 562. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shan-Shih, K.; Vaidyanathan, T.K.; and Vaidyanathan, J. (1983): Chloride Corrosion of Ni-Pd Alloys, J Dent Res 62: 688, Abst. No. 345. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shell, J.S. and Nielsen, J.P. (1962): Study of the Bond Between Gold Alloys and Porcelain, J Dent Res 41: 1424. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Skinner, E.W. and Degni, F. (1957): Hygroscopic Expansion of Dental Investments, J Am Dent Assoc 54: 604. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sloan, R.M.; Reisbick, M.H.; and Preston, J.D. (1982): Post-ceramic Soldering of Various Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 48: 686. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith, C.D.; Deckman, J.; and Fairhurst, C.W. (1980): An Alloy Castability and Adaptation Test, IADR Prog & Abst 59: No. 328. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smyd, E.S. (1948): Factors which Influence Casting Accuracy: A Universal Casting Technic, J Am Dent Assoc 36: 160. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sozio, R.B. (1986): Dental Appliance and Method of Manufacture, US Patent 4,585,417. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Staffanou, R.S.; Radke, R.A.; and Jendresen, M.D. (1980): Strength Properties of Soldered Joints from Various Ceramic-Metal Combinations, J Prosthet Dent 43: 31. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sturdevant, C.M. and Strickland, W.D. (1959): Porosity in the Full Cast Crown, J Am Dent Assoc 58: 69. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sumitra, N.; Vaidyanathan, T.K.; Sastri, S.; and Prasad, A. (1983): Chloride Corrosion of Recent Commercial Pdbase Alloys, J Dent Res 62: 688, Abst. No. 346. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Swaysey, A.J. (1890): Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the American Dental Association, Dent Regis 44: 501. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sweeney, W.T. (1933): Cristobalite for Dental Investments, J Am Dent Assoc 20: 108. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taggart, W.H. (1907): A New and Accurate Method of Making Gold Inlays, Dent Cosmos 49: 1117. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taira, M.; Moser, J.B.; and Greener, E.H. (1985): Face Coat for Dental Casting of Titanium Alloys, J Dent Res 64: 317. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Taira, M.; Moser, J.B.; and Greener, E.H. (1986): Mechanical Properties of Cast Ti Alloys for Dental Usage, J Dent Res 65: 236, Abst. No. 603. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tesk, J.A. (1978): Effects of Alloying Additions on the Color of Gold Alloys, IADR Prog & Abst 57: No. 720. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tesk, J.A.; Hinman, R.W.; and Whitlock, R.P. (1985): A Technique for Characterizing Casting Behavior of Dental Alloys, J Dent Res 65: 147. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tesk, J.A.; Hinman, R.W.; and Widera, G.E. (1983): Effect of Porcelain/Alloy Interfacial Diffusion Zones on Thermomechanical Strain, J Dent Res 62: 585. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tesk, J.A.; Okuno, O.; and Penn, R. (1986): Mesh Monitor Casting of Ni-Cr Alloys: Element Effect, J Dent Res 65: 301, Abst. No. 1187. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Townsend, L.W.A.; Vermilyea, S.G.; and Griswold, W.H. (1983): Soldering Nonnoble Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 50: 51. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. (1967): Dental Gold Alloys, US Patent 3,340,050. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. (1969): Metal Alloy Composition, US Patent 3,424,577. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. (1973): Tarnish Resistant Alloy, US Patent 3,767,391. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. (1976a): Dental Restorations Combining Dental Porcelain and Improved White Gold Alloy, US Patent 3,961,420. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. (1976b): Dental Restorations Combining Dental Porcelain and Improved White Gold Alloy, US Patent 3,981,723. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Cascone, P.J. (1983): The Evaluation of Porcelain to Metal System. In: Proceedings, First National Symposium on Ceramics, J.W. Mc Lean, Ed., Chicago: Quintessence Publishing, pp. 347-370. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1964a): Review of Sprue Design for Cast Gold Alloys, Dent Lab Rev 39: June-July. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1964b): Sprue Design for Cast Gold Alloys, Dent Lab Rev 39: 14. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1967): Creep and Sag Properties of Porcelain-Gold Alloys, J Dent Res 46: 579. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1968): Thermal and Reaction Effects in Porcelain-Metal Restorations, IADR Prog & Abst 47: 118, Abst. No. 324. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1971): Observations of Onset of Sulfide Tarnish on Gold-base Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 25: 269. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tuccillo, J.J. and Nielsen, J.P. (1972): Shear Stress Measurements at a Dental Porcelain-Gold Bond Interface, J Dent Res 51: 626. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vaidyanathan, T.K. and Prasad, A. (1981a): In vitro Corrosion and Tarnish Characterization of Typical Dental Gold Compositions, J Biomed Mater Res 15: 191. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vaidyanathan, T.K. and Prasad, A. (1981b): In vivo Corrosion and Tarnish Analysis of Ag-Pd Binary System, J Dent Res 60: 707. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vaidyanathan, T.K.; Schulman, A.; Nielsen, J.P.; and Shalita, S. (1981): Correlation Between Microscopic Porosity Location and Liquid Metal Pressure in Centrifugal Casting Technique, J Dent Res 60: 59. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Van Horn, W.H. (1907): Casting: A Review and Commentary including a Technique, Dent Cosmos 52: 873. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vermilyea, S.G.; Kuffler, M.J.; and Tamura, J.J. (1983): Casting Accuracy of Base Metal Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 50: 651. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vermilyea, S.G. and Vilca, J.M. (1982): Low Gold Fixed Prosthodontic Alloys, J Prosthet Dent 48: 159. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Volland, R.H. and Paffenbarger, G.C. (1932): Cast Gold Inlay Technique as Worked Out in the Cooperative Research at the National Bureau of Standards Applied by a Group of Practicing Dentists, J Am Dent Assoc 19: 185. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Walton, T.R. and O'Brien, W.J. (1985): Thermal Stress Failure of Porcelain Bonded to a Palladium-Silver Alloy, J Dent Res 64: 476. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Waterstrat, R.M. (1977): In: Proceedings, Alternatives to Gold Alloys in Dentistry, T.M. Valega, Ed., Bethesda, MD: DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-1227, pp. 225-233. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Waterstrat, R.M. and Giuseppetti, A.A. (1985): Casting Apparatus and Investment Mold Materials for Metals Which Melt at Very High Temperatures, J Dent Res 64: 317. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weinstein, M.; Katz, S.; and Weinstein, A.B. (1962a): Fused Porcelain to Metal Teeth, US Patent 3,052,982. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Weinstein, M.; Katz, S.; and Weinstein, A.B. (1962b): Porcelain Covered Metal Reinforced Teeth, US Patent 3,052,983. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Whitlock, R.P.; Hinman, R.W.; Eden, G.T.; Tesk, J.A.; Dickson, G.; and Parry, E.E. (1981): A Practical Test to Evaluate the Castability of Dental Alloys, IADR Prog & Abst 60: 376. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Woolsey, G.D.; Johnston, W.M.; and O'Brien, W.J. (1984): Masking Power of Dental Opaque Porcelains, J Dent Res 63: 936. | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.