Show simple item record

Creating Social Reality: Informational Social Influence and the Content of Stereotypic Beliefs

dc.contributor.authorWittenbrink, Bernden_US
dc.contributor.authorHenly, Juliaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-04-14T13:37:01Z
dc.date.available2010-04-14T13:37:01Z
dc.date.issued1996en_US
dc.identifier.citationWittenbrink, Bernd; Henly, Julia (1996). "Creating Social Reality: Informational Social Influence and the Content of Stereotypic Beliefs." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22(6): 598-610. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/68405>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0146-1672en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/68405
dc.description.abstractThree experiments tested the hypothesis that comparison information about other people's stereotypic beliefs is used to validate personal beliefs about a target group. A simple manipulation of questionnaire items and their response scales, presented as part of a political opinion survey, served as social comparison information regarding beliefs about African Americans. The comparison information influenced participants' subsequently measured beliefs about group as well as their evaluation of a Black target. When provided with negative comparison information, participants reported more negative racial beliefs and a more negative evaluation of the Black target than when provided with positive feedback. Moreover; this effect depended on participants' initial stereotypic beliefs. Only participants with initially negative beliefs about the target group were influenced by the comparison information; participants with relatively positive beliefs were not.en_US
dc.format.extent3108 bytes
dc.format.extent2528569 bytes
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.publisherSage Publicationsen_US
dc.titleCreating Social Reality: Informational Social Influence and the Content of Stereotypic Beliefsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPsychologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michigan, [email protected]en_US
dc.contributor.affiliationotherUniversity of California, Los Angelesen_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68405/2/10.1177_0146167296226005.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0146167296226005en_US
dc.identifier.sourcePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletinen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllen, V. L. (1965). Situational factors in conformity. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 133-175). New York: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice-Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsch, S. E. (1952). Social psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsch, S. E. (1956). Studies on independence and conformity. a minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70, 1-70.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAshmore, R. D., & Del Boca, F. K. (1981). Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior (pp. 1-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaunm.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlanchard, F. A., Lilly, T., & Vaughn, L. A. (1991). Reducing the expression of racial prejudice. Psychological Science, 2, 101-105.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBless, H., Bohner, G., Hild, T., & Schwarz, N. (1992). Asking difficult questions: Task complexity increases the impact of response alter-natives. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 309-312.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChristenson, P. G., & Roberts, D. F. (1983). The role of television in the formation of children's social attitudes. In MJA Howe (Ed.), Learning from television: Psychological and educational research (pp. 79-99). London: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCrosby, F., Bromley, S., & Saxe, L. (1980). Recent unobtrusive studies of Black-and-White discrimination and prejudice: A literature re-view. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 546-563.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCrutchfield, R. S. (1955). Conformity and character. Amen can Psychologist, 10, 191-198.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDevine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Historical trends and contemporary approaches. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 1-34). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace jovanovich.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEdsall, T. B., & Edsall, M. D. (1991, May). When the official subject is presidential politics, taxes, welfare, crime, rights, or value... the real subject is race. Atlantic, pp. 53-86.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFeather, N. T. (1984). Protestant ethic, conservatism, and values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1132-1141.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFestinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreedman, L. J. (1977). Sex role stereotyping in the mass media: An annotated bibliography. New York: Garland.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1977). The subtlety of white racism, arousal, and helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 691-707.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilbert, G. M. (1951). Stereotype persistence and change among college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46, 245-254.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreenberg, B. S., & Mazingo, S. L. (1976). Racial issues in the mass media. In P. A. Katz (Ed.), Towards the elimination of racism (pp. 309-339). New York: Pergamon.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGreenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1985). The effect of an overheard ethnic slur on evaluations of the target: How to spread a social disease. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 61-72.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1987). Social identity and conformity: A theory of referent informational influence. In W. Doise & S. Moscovici (Eds.), Current issues in European social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 139-182). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarlins, M., Coffman, T. L., & Walters, G. (1969). On the fading of social stereotypes: Studies in three generations of college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 1-16.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatz, D., & Braly, K. W. (1933). Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 28, 280-290.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKatz, I., & Hass, R. G. (1988). Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 893-905.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 51-60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt, Brace.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMackie, D. (1986). Social identification effects in group polarization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 720-728.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarkus, H., & Zajonc, R. (1985). The cognitive perspective in social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 137-230). New York: Random House.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Arthur, L. Z., & Resko, B. G. (1975). The portrayal of men and women in American television commercials. Journal of Social Psychology, 97, 209-220.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Conahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. R. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91-125). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMc Conahay, J. B., Hardee, B. B., & Batts, V. (1981). Has racism declined in America? It depends on who is asking and what is asked. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25, 563-579.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscovici, S. (1976). Social influence and social change. New York: Academic Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoscovici, S. (1985). Social influence and conformity. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 397-412). New York: Random House.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNemeth, C. J. (1986). Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. Psychological Review, 93, 1-10.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOakes, P. J., Haslam, A., & Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceO'Gorman, H. J. (1975). Pluralistic ignorance and White estimates of White support for racial segregation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 39, 313-330.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePettigrew, T. F., & Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 57-75.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReid, P. T. (1979). Racial stereotyping on television: A comparison of the behavior of both Black and White television characters. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 465-471.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoberts, D. F., & Maccoby, N. (1985). Effects of mass communication. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 539-598). New York: Random House.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRohrer, J. H., Blaron, S. H., Hoffman, E. L., & Swander, D. V. (1954). The stability of the autokinetic judgment. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 595-597.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRokeach, M. (1968). Beliefs, attitudes, and values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchachter, S., & Singer, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of the emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379-399.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwarz, N., & Hippler, H. J. (1991). Response alternatives: The impact of their choice and presentation order. In P. Biemer, R. Groves, L. Lyberg, N. Mathiowetz, & S. Sudman (Eds.), Measurement error in surveys (pp. 41-56). New York: John Wiley.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchw,arz, N., Hippler, H. J., Deutsch, B., & Strack, F. (1985). Response categories: Effects on behavioral reports and comparative judgments. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 388-395.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSears, D. O. (1988). Symbolic racism. In P. A. Katz & D. A. Taylor (Eds.), Eliminating racism: Profiles in controversy (pp. 53-84). New York: Plenum.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSherif, M. (1935). A study of some social factors in perception. Archives of Psychology, 27, No. 187.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSherif, M. (1967). Group conflict and cooperation. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSigall, H., & Page, R. (1971). Current stereotypes: A little fading, a little faking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 247-255.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTurner, J. C. (1991). Social influence Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe its collections in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in them. We encourage you to Contact Us anonymously if you encounter harmful or problematic language in catalog records or finding aids. More information about our policies and practices is available at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.