Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences
dc.contributor.author | Kraus, Fred | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Brown, Wesley M. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-06-01T18:30:43Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-06-01T18:30:43Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1998-03 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | KRAUS, FRED; BROWN, WESLEY M. (1998). "Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 122(3): 455-487. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/71718> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0024-4082 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1096-3642 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/71718 | |
dc.format.extent | 2346807 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3109 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | en_US |
dc.rights | 1998 The Linnean Society | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Systematics | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Venomous Snakes | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Colubridae | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Elapidae | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Viperidae | en_US |
dc.title | Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Natural Resources and Environment | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1048, U.S.A. | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71718/1/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02159.x.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02159.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Anthony J. 1955. Essai sur 1'evolution anatomique de Pappareil venimeux des ophidiens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Paris, (Zoologie) 17: 7 – 53. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Aquadro CF, Greenberg BD. 1983. Human mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution: analysis of nucleotide sequences from seven individuals. Genetics 103: 287 – 312. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | ArÉvalo E, Davis SK, Sites JW Jr. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among eight chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico. Systematic Biology 43: 387 – 418. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Avise JC, Aquadro CF. 1982. A comparative summary of genetic distances in the vertebrates: patterns and correlations. Evolutionary Biology 15: 151 – 185. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bogert CM. 1943. Dentitional phenomena in cobras and other elapids with notes on adaptive modifications of fangs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 81: 285 – 360. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bonaparte CL. 1845. Specchio generate dei sistemi erpetologico, anfibiologico ed ittiologico. Milano. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boulenger GA. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum. 3 vols. London: Taylor and Francis. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bourgeois M. 1968. Contribution À la morphologie comparÉe du crane des ophidiens de l'Afrique centrale. Vol. XVIII Publications de l'UniversitÉ Officielle du Congo À Lumumbashi 1 – 293. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bremer K. 1988. The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution 42: 795 – 803. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brown WM, Prager EM, Wang A, Wilson AC. 1982. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: tempo and mode of evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 8: 225 – 239. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1983. Problems and approaches in the interpretation of the evolutionary history of venomous snakes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 46: 255 – 274. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1984a. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: I. South American xenodontines. Herpetologica 40: 8 – 20. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1984b. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: II. Central American xenodontines. Herpetologica 40: 21 – 30. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1984c. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: III. Overview of xenodontine phylogeny and the history of New World snakes. Copeia 19084: 641 – 652. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1987. Geographic distribution: problems in phylogeny and zoogeography. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak SS, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 77 – 105. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships among advanced snakes: a molecular perspective. University of California Publications in Zoology 119: 1 – 77. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadle JE. 1994. The colubrid radiation in Africa (Serpentes: Colubridae): phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns based on immunological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 110: 103 – 140. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Collins TM, Kraus F, Estabrook G. 1994. Compositional effects and weighting of nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 43: 449 – 459. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Collins TM, Wimberger PH, Naylor GJP. 1994. Compositional bias, character-state bias, and character-state reconstruction using parsimony. Systematic Biology 43: 482 – 496. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cope ED. 1893. Prodromus of a new system of the non-venomous snakes. American Naturalist 27: 477 – 483. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cope ED. 1894a. On the lungs of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 33: 217 – 224. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cope ED. 1894b. The classification of snakes. American Naturalist 28: 831 – 844. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cope ED. 1895. The classification of the Ophidia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 18: 186 – 219. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cope ED. 1900. The crocodiles, lizards, and snakes of North America. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 153 – 1270. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cundall D, Wallach V, Rossman DA. 1993. The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109: 275 – 299. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cunningham CW, Collins TM. 1994. Developing model systems for molecular biogeography: vicariance and interchange in marine invertebrates. In: Schierwater B, Streit B, Wagner GP, DeSalle R, eds. Molecular ecology and evolution: approaches and applications. Basel: BirkhÄuser Verlag, 405 – 433. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dayhoff MO, Eck RV. 1968. A model of evolutionary change in proteins. In: Dayhoff MO, ed. Atlas of protein sequence and structure 1967–1978. Washington, DC: National Biomedical Research Foundation, 33 – 45. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dowling HG. 1959. Classification of the Serpentes: a critical review. Copeia 1959: 38 – 52. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dowling HG. 1975. A provisional classification of snakes. Yearbook of Herpetology 1: 167 – 170. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dowling HG, Duellman WE. 1978. Systematic herpetology: a synopsis of families and higher categories. New York: HISS Publications. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dowling HG, Highton R, Maha GC, Maxson LR. 1983. Biochemical evaluation of colubrid snake phylogeny. Journal of Zoology, (London) 201: 309 – 329. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dunn ER. 1928. A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 18 – 24. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Farris JS. 1981. Distance data in phylogenetic analysis. In: Funk VA, Brooks DR, eds. Advances in cladistics: proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 3 – 23. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Farris JS, Kluge AG, Mickevich MF. 1979. Paraphyly of the Rana boylii species group. Systematic Zoology 28: 627 – 634. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fearnley IM, Walker JE. 1992. Conservation of sequences of subunits of mitochondrial complex I and their relationships with other proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1140: 105 – 134. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Felsenstein J. 1978. Cases where parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Systematic Zoology 27: 401 – 410. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fitch WM. 1976. Molecular evolutionary clocks. In: Ayala FJ, ed. Molecular evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer, 160 – 178. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fitch WM. 1980. Estimating the total number of nucleotide substitutions since the common ancestor of a pair of homologous genes: comparison of several methods and three beta hemoglobin messenger RNA's. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 153 – 209. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fitch WM. 1986. A hidden bias in the estimate of total nucleotide substitutions from pairwise differences. In: Karlin S, Nevo E, eds. Evolutionary processes and theory. Orlando: Academic Press, 315 – 328. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Forstner MRJ, Davis SK, ArÉvalo E. 1995. Support for the hypothesis of anguimorph ancestry for the suborder Serpentes from phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4: 93 – 102. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Friedlander TP, Regier JC, Mitter C. 1992. Nuclear gene sequences for higher level phylogenetic analysis: 14 promising candidates. Systematic Biology 41: 483 – 490. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Friedlander TP, Regier JC, Mitter C. 1994. Phylogenetic information content of five nuclear gene sequences in animals: initial assessment of character sets from concordance and divergence studies. Systematic Biology 43: 511 – 525. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Graybeal A. 1994. Evaluating the phylogenetic utility of genes: a search for genes informative about deep divergences among vertebrates. Systematic Biology 43: 174 – 193. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Groombridge B. 1979a. On the vomer in Acrochordidae (Reptilia: Serpentes), and its cladistic significance. Journal of Zoology, (London) 189: 559 – 567. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Groombridge B. 1979b. Variations in morphology of the superficial palate of henophidian snakes and some possible systematic implications. Journal of Natural History 13: 447 – 475. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Groombridge B. 1979c. Comments on the intermandibularis muscles of snakes. Journal of Natural History 13: 477 – 498. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Groombridge B. 1984. The facial carotid artery in snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes): variations and possible cladistic significance. Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 145 – 155. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gyi KK. 1970. A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 20: 47 – 223. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Haas G. 1938. A note on the origin of solenoglyph snakes. Copeia 1938: 73 – 78. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Haas G. 1952. The head muscles of the genus Causus (Ophidia, Solenoglypha) and some remarks on the origin of the Solenoglypha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 122: 573 – 592. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T. 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 22: 160 – 174. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heise PJ, Maxson LR, Dowling HG, Hedges SB. 1995. Higher-level snake phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12: 259 – 265. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hendy MD, Penny D. 1989. A framework for the quantitative study of evolutionary trees. Systematic Zoology 38: 297 – 309. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Heymans JC. 1975. La musculature mandibulaire et le groupe parotidien des Aparallactinae et Atractaspinae (Serpentes Colubridae) À majoritÉ fouisseurs. Revue de Zoologie Africain 89: 889. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP. 1992. Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Heredity 63: 189 – 195. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP, Cunningham CW. 1994a. Application and accuracy of molecular phylogenies. Science 264: 671 – 677. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP, Swofford DL. 1994b. Hobgoblin of phylogenetics? Nature 369: 363 – 364. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Holmquist R, Pearl D, Jukes TH. 1982. Nonuniform molecular divergence: the quantitative evolutionary analysis of genes and messenger RNAs under selective structural constraints. In: Goodman M, ed. Macromolecular sequences in systematic and evolutionary biology. New York: Plenum Press, 281 – 315. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huelsenbeck JP. 1991. Tree-length distribution skewness: an indicator of phylogenetic information. Systematic Zoology 40: 257 – 270. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Huelsenbeck JP, Hillis DM. 1993. Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Systematic Biology 42: 247 – 264. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Inger RF, Marx H. 1965. The systematics and evolution of the oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana, Zoology 49: 1 – 304. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Irwin DM, Kocher TD, Wilson AC. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 32: 128 – 144. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jenner JV, Dowling HG. 1985. Taxonomy of American xenodontine snakes: the tribe Pseudoboini. Herpetologua 41: 161 – 172. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Johnson RG. 1955. The adaptive and phylogenetic significance of vertebral form in snakes. Evolution 9: 367 – 388. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jukes TH, Bhushan V. 1986. Silent nucleotide substitutions and G + C content of some mitochondrial and bacterial genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 24: 39 – 44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jukes TH, Cantor CR. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules. In: Munro HN, ed. Mammalian protein metabolism. New York: Academic Press, 21 – 132. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kardong KV. 1980. Evolutionary patterns in advanced snakes. American Zoologist 20: 269 – 282. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kardong KV. 1982. The evolution of the venom apparatus in snakes from colubrids to viperids and elapids. Memorias do Institute Butantan 46: 105 – 118. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111 – 120. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kimura M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary clock and the neutral theory. Journal of Molecular Evolution 26: 24 – 33. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kluge AG. 1991. Boine snake phylogeny and research cycles. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 178: 1 – 58. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Knight A, Mindell DP. 1994. On the phylogenetic relationship of Colubrinae, Elapidae, and Viperidae and the evolution of front-fanged venom systems in snakes. Copeia 1994: 1 – 8. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kochva E, Gans C. 1970. Salivary glands of snakes. Clinical Toxicology 3: 363 – 387. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kochva E, Shayer-Wollberg M, Sabel R. 1967. The special pattern of the venom gland in Atractaspis and its bearing on the taxonomic status of the genus. Copeia 1967: 763 – 772. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. 1993. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, version 1.01. University Park: Pennsylvania State University. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kyte J, Doolittle RF. 1982. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. Journal of Molecular Biology 157: 105 – 132. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lanyon SM. 1988. The stochastic mode of molecular evolution: what consequences for systematic investigations? Auk 105: 565 – 573. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. 1993. Principles of biochemistry, 2nd ed. New York: Worth Publishing. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lewin B. 1994. Genes V. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Liem KF, Marx H, Rabb GB. 1971. The viperid snake Azemiops: its comparative cephalic anatomy and phylogenetic position in relation to Viperinae and Crotalinae. Fieldiana, Zoology 59: 65 – 126. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lockhart PJ, Howe CJ, Bryant DA, Beanland TJ, Larkum AWD. 1992a. Substitutional bias confounds inference of cyanelle origins from sequence data. Journal of Molecular Evolution 34: 153 – 162. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lockhart PJ, Penny D, Hendy MD, Howe CJ, Beanland TJ, Larkum AWD. 1992b. Controversy on chloroplast origins. FEBS Letter 301: 127 – 131. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lockhart PJ, Steel MA, Hendy MD, Penny D. 1994. Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11: 605 – 612. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Maddison WP, Maddison DR. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 3.0. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Malnate EV. 1960. Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus Native, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 112: 41 – 71. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Marx H, Rabb GB. 1965. Relationships and zoogeography of the viperine snakes (Family Viperidae). Fieldiana, Zoology 44: 161 – 206. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McCarthy CJ. 1985. Monophyly of elapid snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae): an assessment of the evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 83: 79 – 93. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McDowell SB. 1968. Affinities of the snakes usually called Elaps lacteus and E. dorsalis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 47: 561 – 578. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McDowell SB. 1986. The architecture of the corner of the mouth of colubrid snakes. Journal of Herpetology 20: 353 – 407. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McDowell SB. 1987. Systematics. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak SS, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 3 – 50. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meacham CA. 1984. Evaluating characters by character compatibility analysis. In: Duncan T, Stuessy TF, eds. Cladistics: perspectives on the reconstruction of evolutionary history. New York: Columbia University Press, 152 – 165. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meacham CA. 1994a. Phylogenetic relationships at the basal radiation of angiosperms: further study by probability of character compatibility. Systematic Botany 19: 506 – 522. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meacham CA. 1994b. COMPROB: compatibility probability sequence program, version 1.0. Berkeley: University of California. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mishler BD, Bremer K, Humphries CJ, Churchill SP. 1988. The use of nucleic acid sequence data in phylogenetic reconstruction. Taxon 37: 391 – 395. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Miyamoto MM, Boyle SM. 1989. The potential importance of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to eutherian mammal phylogeny. In: Fernholm B, Bremer K, Jornvall H, eds. The hierarchy of life: molecules and morphology in phylogenetic analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing, 437 – 450. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mosauer W. 1935. The myology of the trunk region of snakes and its significance for ophidian taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the University of California, Los Angeles, in Biological Sciences 1: 81 – 120. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Naylor GJP, Collins TM, Brown WM. 1995. Hydrophobicity and phylogeny. Nature 373: 565 – 566. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Olmstead RG, Sweere JA. 1994. Combining data in phylogenetic systematics: anempirical approach using three molecular data sets in the Solanaceae. Systematic Biology 43: 467 – 481. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Palumbi SR. 1989. Rates of molecular evolution and the fraction of nucleotide positions free to vary. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 180 – 187. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Penny D. 1988. What was the first living cell? Nature 331: 111 – 112. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Penny D, Hendy MD, Zimmer EA, Hamby RK. 1990. Trees from sequences: panacea or Pandora's box? Aust. Syst. Bot. 3: 21 – 38. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Prager EM, Wilson AC. 1988. Ancient origin of lactalbumin from lysozyme:analysis of DNA and amino acid sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 27: 326 – 335. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rage J-C. 1984. Handbuch der PÄlÄoherpetologie: serpentes. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1 – 80. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rage J-C. 1987. Fossil history. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak V, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 51 – 76. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rieppel O. 1988. A review of the origin of snakes. Evolutionary Biology 22: 37 – 130. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rossman DA, Eberle WG. 1977. Partition of the genus Matrix, with preliminary observations on evolutionary trends in natricine snakes. Herpetologica 33: 34 – 43. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Saccone C, Pesole G, Preparata G. 1989. DNA microenvironments and the molecular clock. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 407 – 411. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Saitou N, Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4: 406 – 425. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulsen AR. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 74: 5463 – 5467. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Savitzky AH. 1979. The origin of the New World proteroglyphous snakes and its bearing on the study of venom delivery systems in snakes. Unpublished D.Phil. Thesis, University of Kansas. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scherer S. 1990. The protein molecular clock: time for a reevaluation. Evolutionary Biology 24: 83 – 106. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Swofford DL. 1993. PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.11. Urbana: University of Illinois. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tamura K. 1992. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9: 678 – 687. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tamura K, Nei M. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512 – 526. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Underwood G. 1967. A contribution to the classification of snakes. London: British Museum of Natural History. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Underwood G, Kochva E. 1993. On the affinities of the burrowing asps Atractaspis (Serpentes: Atractaspididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 107: 3 – 64. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wilkinson M. 1992. Consensus, compatibility and missing data in phylogenetic inference. Unpublished D.Phil. Thesis, University of Bristol. | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.