View Item 

Show simple item record

Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

dc.contributor.authorKraus, Freden_US
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Wesley M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T18:30:43Z
dc.date.available2010-06-01T18:30:43Z
dc.date.issued1998-03en_US
dc.identifier.citationKRAUS, FRED; BROWN, WESLEY M. (1998). "Phylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequences." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 122(3): 455-487. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/71718>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0024-4082en_US
dc.identifier.issn1096-3642en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/71718
dc.format.extent2346807 bytes
dc.format.extent3109 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherBlackwell Publishing Ltden_US
dc.rights1998 The Linnean Societyen_US
dc.subject.otherSystematicsen_US
dc.subject.otherVenomous Snakesen_US
dc.subject.otherColubridaeen_US
dc.subject.otherElapidaeen_US
dc.subject.otherViperidaeen_US
dc.titlePhylogenetic relationships of colubroid snakes based on mitochondrial DNA sequencesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelNatural Resources and Environmenten_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelScienceen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumDepartment of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109–1048, U.S.A.en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71718/1/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02159.x.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1096-3642.1998.tb02159.xen_US
dc.identifier.sourceZoological Journal of the Linnean Societyen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnthony J. 1955. Essai sur 1'evolution anatomique de Pappareil venimeux des ophidiens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Paris, (Zoologie) 17: 7 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAquadro CF, Greenberg BD. 1983. Human mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution: analysis of nucleotide sequences from seven individuals. Genetics 103: 287 – 312.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceArÉvalo E, Davis SK, Sites JW Jr. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among eight chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico. Systematic Biology 43: 387 – 418.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAvise JC, Aquadro CF. 1982. A comparative summary of genetic distances in the vertebrates: patterns and correlations. Evolutionary Biology 15: 151 – 185.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBogert CM. 1943. Dentitional phenomena in cobras and other elapids with notes on adaptive modifications of fangs. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 81: 285 – 360.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonaparte CL. 1845. Specchio generate dei sistemi erpetologico, anfibiologico ed ittiologico. Milano.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoulenger GA. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum. 3 vols. London: Taylor and Francis.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBourgeois M. 1968. Contribution À la morphologie comparÉe du crane des ophidiens de l'Afrique centrale. Vol. XVIII Publications de l'UniversitÉ Officielle du Congo À Lumumbashi 1 – 293.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBremer K. 1988. The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution 42: 795 – 803.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown WM, Prager EM, Wang A, Wilson AC. 1982. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: tempo and mode of evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 8: 225 – 239.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1983. Problems and approaches in the interpretation of the evolutionary history of venomous snakes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 46: 255 – 274.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1984a. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: I. South American xenodontines. Herpetologica 40: 8 – 20.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1984b. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: II. Central American xenodontines. Herpetologica 40: 21 – 30.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1984c. Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: III. Overview of xenodontine phylogeny and the history of New World snakes. Copeia 19084: 641 – 652.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1987. Geographic distribution: problems in phylogeny and zoogeography. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak SS, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 77 – 105.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships among advanced snakes: a molecular perspective. University of California Publications in Zoology 119: 1 – 77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCadle JE. 1994. The colubrid radiation in Africa (Serpentes: Colubridae): phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns based on immunological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 110: 103 – 140.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCollins TM, Kraus F, Estabrook G. 1994. Compositional effects and weighting of nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 43: 449 – 459.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCollins TM, Wimberger PH, Naylor GJP. 1994. Compositional bias, character-state bias, and character-state reconstruction using parsimony. Systematic Biology 43: 482 – 496.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCope ED. 1893. Prodromus of a new system of the non-venomous snakes. American Naturalist 27: 477 – 483.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCope ED. 1894a. On the lungs of the Ophidia. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 33: 217 – 224.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCope ED. 1894b. The classification of snakes. American Naturalist 28: 831 – 844.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCope ED. 1895. The classification of the Ophidia. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 18: 186 – 219.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCope ED. 1900. The crocodiles, lizards, and snakes of North America. Annual Report of the U.S. National Museum 1898: 153 – 1270.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCundall D, Wallach V, Rossman DA. 1993. The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109: 275 – 299.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCunningham CW, Collins TM. 1994. Developing model systems for molecular biogeography: vicariance and interchange in marine invertebrates. In: Schierwater B, Streit B, Wagner GP, DeSalle R, eds. Molecular ecology and evolution: approaches and applications. Basel: BirkhÄuser Verlag, 405 – 433.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDayhoff MO, Eck RV. 1968. A model of evolutionary change in proteins. In: Dayhoff MO, ed. Atlas of protein sequence and structure 1967–1978. Washington, DC: National Biomedical Research Foundation, 33 – 45.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowling HG. 1959. Classification of the Serpentes: a critical review. Copeia 1959: 38 – 52.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowling HG. 1975. A provisional classification of snakes. Yearbook of Herpetology 1: 167 – 170.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowling HG, Duellman WE. 1978. Systematic herpetology: a synopsis of families and higher categories. New York: HISS Publications.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDowling HG, Highton R, Maha GC, Maxson LR. 1983. Biochemical evaluation of colubrid snake phylogeny. Journal of Zoology, (London) 201: 309 – 329.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDunn ER. 1928. A tentative key and arrangement of the American genera of Colubridae. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 2: 18 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFarris JS. 1981. Distance data in phylogenetic analysis. In: Funk VA, Brooks DR, eds. Advances in cladistics: proceedings of the first meeting of the Willi Hennig Society. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 3 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFarris JS, Kluge AG, Mickevich MF. 1979. Paraphyly of the Rana boylii species group. Systematic Zoology 28: 627 – 634.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFearnley IM, Walker JE. 1992. Conservation of sequences of subunits of mitochondrial complex I and their relationships with other proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1140: 105 – 134.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFelsenstein J. 1978. Cases where parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Systematic Zoology 27: 401 – 410.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFitch WM. 1976. Molecular evolutionary clocks. In: Ayala FJ, ed. Molecular evolution. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer, 160 – 178.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFitch WM. 1980. Estimating the total number of nucleotide substitutions since the common ancestor of a pair of homologous genes: comparison of several methods and three beta hemoglobin messenger RNA's. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 153 – 209.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFitch WM. 1986. A hidden bias in the estimate of total nucleotide substitutions from pairwise differences. In: Karlin S, Nevo E, eds. Evolutionary processes and theory. Orlando: Academic Press, 315 – 328.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceForstner MRJ, Davis SK, ArÉvalo E. 1995. Support for the hypothesis of anguimorph ancestry for the suborder Serpentes from phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4: 93 – 102.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFriedlander TP, Regier JC, Mitter C. 1992. Nuclear gene sequences for higher level phylogenetic analysis: 14 promising candidates. Systematic Biology 41: 483 – 490.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFriedlander TP, Regier JC, Mitter C. 1994. Phylogenetic information content of five nuclear gene sequences in animals: initial assessment of character sets from concordance and divergence studies. Systematic Biology 43: 511 – 525.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGraybeal A. 1994. Evaluating the phylogenetic utility of genes: a search for genes informative about deep divergences among vertebrates. Systematic Biology 43: 174 – 193.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroombridge B. 1979a. On the vomer in Acrochordidae (Reptilia: Serpentes), and its cladistic significance. Journal of Zoology, (London) 189: 559 – 567.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroombridge B. 1979b. Variations in morphology of the superficial palate of henophidian snakes and some possible systematic implications. Journal of Natural History 13: 447 – 475.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroombridge B. 1979c. Comments on the intermandibularis muscles of snakes. Journal of Natural History 13: 477 – 498.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGroombridge B. 1984. The facial carotid artery in snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes): variations and possible cladistic significance. Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 145 – 155.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGyi KK. 1970. A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 20: 47 – 223.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaas G. 1938. A note on the origin of solenoglyph snakes. Copeia 1938: 73 – 78.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaas G. 1952. The head muscles of the genus Causus (Ophidia, Solenoglypha) and some remarks on the origin of the Solenoglypha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 122: 573 – 592.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T. 1985. Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Molecular Evolution 22: 160 – 174.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeise PJ, Maxson LR, Dowling HG, Hedges SB. 1995. Higher-level snake phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12: 259 – 265.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHendy MD, Penny D. 1989. A framework for the quantitative study of evolutionary trees. Systematic Zoology 38: 297 – 309.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeymans JC. 1975. La musculature mandibulaire et le groupe parotidien des Aparallactinae et Atractaspinae (Serpentes Colubridae) À majoritÉ fouisseurs. Revue de Zoologie Africain 89: 889.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP. 1992. Signal, noise, and reliability in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Heredity 63: 189 – 195.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP, Cunningham CW. 1994a. Application and accuracy of molecular phylogenies. Science 264: 671 – 677.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHillis DM, Huelsenbeck JP, Swofford DL. 1994b. Hobgoblin of phylogenetics? Nature 369: 363 – 364.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHolmquist R, Pearl D, Jukes TH. 1982. Nonuniform molecular divergence: the quantitative evolutionary analysis of genes and messenger RNAs under selective structural constraints. In: Goodman M, ed. Macromolecular sequences in systematic and evolutionary biology. New York: Plenum Press, 281 – 315.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuelsenbeck JP. 1991. Tree-length distribution skewness: an indicator of phylogenetic information. Systematic Zoology 40: 257 – 270.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHuelsenbeck JP, Hillis DM. 1993. Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Systematic Biology 42: 247 – 264.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInger RF, Marx H. 1965. The systematics and evolution of the oriental colubrid snakes of the genus Calamaria. Fieldiana, Zoology 49: 1 – 304.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIrwin DM, Kocher TD, Wilson AC. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene of mammals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 32: 128 – 144.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJenner JV, Dowling HG. 1985. Taxonomy of American xenodontine snakes: the tribe Pseudoboini. Herpetologua 41: 161 – 172.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJohnson RG. 1955. The adaptive and phylogenetic significance of vertebral form in snakes. Evolution 9: 367 – 388.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJukes TH, Bhushan V. 1986. Silent nucleotide substitutions and G + C content of some mitochondrial and bacterial genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 24: 39 – 44.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJukes TH, Cantor CR. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules. In: Munro HN, ed. Mammalian protein metabolism. New York: Academic Press, 21 – 132.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKardong KV. 1980. Evolutionary patterns in advanced snakes. American Zoologist 20: 269 – 282.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKardong KV. 1982. The evolution of the venom apparatus in snakes from colubrids to viperids and elapids. Memorias do Institute Butantan 46: 105 – 118.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111 – 120.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKimura M. 1987. Molecular evolutionary clock and the neutral theory. Journal of Molecular Evolution 26: 24 – 33.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKluge AG. 1991. Boine snake phylogeny and research cycles. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 178: 1 – 58.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKnight A, Mindell DP. 1994. On the phylogenetic relationship of Colubrinae, Elapidae, and Viperidae and the evolution of front-fanged venom systems in snakes. Copeia 1994: 1 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKochva E, Gans C. 1970. Salivary glands of snakes. Clinical Toxicology 3: 363 – 387.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKochva E, Shayer-Wollberg M, Sabel R. 1967. The special pattern of the venom gland in Atractaspis and its bearing on the taxonomic status of the genus. Copeia 1967: 763 – 772.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. 1993. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis, version 1.01. University Park: Pennsylvania State University.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKyte J, Doolittle RF. 1982. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. Journal of Molecular Biology 157: 105 – 132.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLanyon SM. 1988. The stochastic mode of molecular evolution: what consequences for systematic investigations? Auk 105: 565 – 573.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. 1993. Principles of biochemistry, 2nd ed. New York: Worth Publishing.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLewin B. 1994. Genes V. Oxford: Oxford University Press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiem KF, Marx H, Rabb GB. 1971. The viperid snake Azemiops: its comparative cephalic anatomy and phylogenetic position in relation to Viperinae and Crotalinae. Fieldiana, Zoology 59: 65 – 126.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLockhart PJ, Howe CJ, Bryant DA, Beanland TJ, Larkum AWD. 1992a. Substitutional bias confounds inference of cyanelle origins from sequence data. Journal of Molecular Evolution 34: 153 – 162.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLockhart PJ, Penny D, Hendy MD, Howe CJ, Beanland TJ, Larkum AWD. 1992b. Controversy on chloroplast origins. FEBS Letter 301: 127 – 131.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLockhart PJ, Steel MA, Hendy MD, Penny D. 1994. Recovering evolutionary trees under a more realistic model of sequence evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11: 605 – 612.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaddison WP, Maddison DR. 1992. MacClade: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 3.0. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMalnate EV. 1960. Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus Native, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 112: 41 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMarx H, Rabb GB. 1965. Relationships and zoogeography of the viperine snakes (Family Viperidae). Fieldiana, Zoology 44: 161 – 206.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcCarthy CJ. 1985. Monophyly of elapid snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae): an assessment of the evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 83: 79 – 93.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcDowell SB. 1968. Affinities of the snakes usually called Elaps lacteus and E. dorsalis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 47: 561 – 578.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcDowell SB. 1986. The architecture of the corner of the mouth of colubrid snakes. Journal of Herpetology 20: 353 – 407.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMcDowell SB. 1987. Systematics. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak SS, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 3 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeacham CA. 1984. Evaluating characters by character compatibility analysis. In: Duncan T, Stuessy TF, eds. Cladistics: perspectives on the reconstruction of evolutionary history. New York: Columbia University Press, 152 – 165.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeacham CA. 1994a. Phylogenetic relationships at the basal radiation of angiosperms: further study by probability of character compatibility. Systematic Botany 19: 506 – 522.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeacham CA. 1994b. COMPROB: compatibility probability sequence program, version 1.0. Berkeley: University of California.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMishler BD, Bremer K, Humphries CJ, Churchill SP. 1988. The use of nucleic acid sequence data in phylogenetic reconstruction. Taxon 37: 391 – 395.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyamoto MM, Boyle SM. 1989. The potential importance of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to eutherian mammal phylogeny. In: Fernholm B, Bremer K, Jornvall H, eds. The hierarchy of life: molecules and morphology in phylogenetic analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing, 437 – 450.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMosauer W. 1935. The myology of the trunk region of snakes and its significance for ophidian taxonomy and phylogeny. Publications of the University of California, Los Angeles, in Biological Sciences 1: 81 – 120.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaylor GJP, Collins TM, Brown WM. 1995. Hydrophobicity and phylogeny. Nature 373: 565 – 566.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOlmstead RG, Sweere JA. 1994. Combining data in phylogenetic systematics: anempirical approach using three molecular data sets in the Solanaceae. Systematic Biology 43: 467 – 481.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePalumbi SR. 1989. Rates of molecular evolution and the fraction of nucleotide positions free to vary. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 180 – 187.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenny D. 1988. What was the first living cell? Nature 331: 111 – 112.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenny D, Hendy MD, Zimmer EA, Hamby RK. 1990. Trees from sequences: panacea or Pandora's box? Aust. Syst. Bot. 3: 21 – 38.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePrager EM, Wilson AC. 1988. Ancient origin of lactalbumin from lysozyme:analysis of DNA and amino acid sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 27: 326 – 335.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRage J-C. 1984. Handbuch der PÄlÄoherpetologie: serpentes. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1 – 80.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRage J-C. 1987. Fossil history. In: Seigel RA, Collins JT, Novak V, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. New York: MacMillan, 51 – 76.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRieppel O. 1988. A review of the origin of snakes. Evolutionary Biology 22: 37 – 130.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRossman DA, Eberle WG. 1977. Partition of the genus Matrix, with preliminary observations on evolutionary trends in natricine snakes. Herpetologica 33: 34 – 43.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaccone C, Pesole G, Preparata G. 1989. DNA microenvironments and the molecular clock. Journal of Molecular Evolution 29: 407 – 411.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSaitou N, Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4: 406 – 425.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSanger F, Nicklen S, Coulsen AR. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 74: 5463 – 5467.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSavitzky AH. 1979. The origin of the New World proteroglyphous snakes and its bearing on the study of venom delivery systems in snakes. Unpublished D.Phil. Thesis, University of Kansas.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScherer S. 1990. The protein molecular clock: time for a reevaluation. Evolutionary Biology 24: 83 – 106.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSwofford DL. 1993. PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.11. Urbana: University of Illinois.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTamura K. 1992. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9: 678 – 687.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTamura K, Nei M. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512 – 526.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUnderwood G. 1967. A contribution to the classification of snakes. London: British Museum of Natural History.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUnderwood G, Kochva E. 1993. On the affinities of the burrowing asps Atractaspis (Serpentes: Atractaspididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 107: 3 – 64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilkinson M. 1992. Consensus, compatibility and missing data in phylogenetic inference. Unpublished D.Phil. Thesis, University of Bristol.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
j.1096-3642.1998.tb02159.x.pdf
Size:
2.238MB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.