C 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2
dc.contributor.author | Barbehenn, Raymond V. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Chen, Zhong | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Karowe, David N. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Spickard, Angela | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-06-01T19:01:15Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-06-01T19:01:15Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2004-09 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Barbehenn, Raymond V.; Chen, Zhong; Karowe, David N.; Spickard, Angela (2004). "C 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2 ." Global Change Biology 10(9): 1565-1575. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72210> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1354-1013 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1365-2486 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72210 | |
dc.description.abstract | Grasses with the C 3 photosynthetic pathway are commonly considered to be more nutritious host plants than C 4 grasses, but the nutritional quality of C 3 grasses is also more greatly impacted by elevated atmospheric CO 2 than is that of C 4 grasses; C 3 grasses produce greater amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates and have greater declines in their nitrogen content than do C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 . Will C 3 grasses remain nutritionally superior to C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 levels? We addressed this question by determining whether levels of protein in C 3 grasses decline to similar levels as in C 4 grasses, and whether total carbohydrate : protein ratios become similar in C 3 and C 4 grasses under elevated CO 2 . In addition, we tested the hypothesis that, among the nonstructural carbohydrates in C 3 grasses, levels of fructan respond most strongly to elevated CO 2 . Five C 3 and five C 4 grass species were grown from seed in outdoor open-top chambers at ambient (370 ppm) or elevated (740 ppm) CO 2 for 2 months. As expected, a significant increase in sugars, starch and fructan in the C 3 grasses under elevated CO 2 was associated with a significant reduction in their protein levels, while protein levels in most C 4 grasses were little affected by elevated CO 2 . However, this differential response of the two types of grasses was insufficient to reduce protein in C 3 grasses to the levels in C 4 grasses. Although levels of fructan in the C 3 grasses tripled under elevated CO 2 , the amounts produced remained relatively low, both in absolute terms and as a fraction of the total nonstructural carbohydrates in the C 3 grasses. We conclude that C 3 grasses will generally remain more nutritious than C 4 grasses at elevated CO 2 concentrations, having higher levels of protein, nonstructural carbohydrates, and water, but lower levels of fiber and toughness, and lower total carbohydrate : protein ratios than C 4 grasses. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 195463 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3109 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Science Ltd | en_US |
dc.rights | © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Carbohydrate | en_US |
dc.subject.other | C 3 Grasses | en_US |
dc.subject.other | C 4 Grasses | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Elevated CO 2 | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Nutrient | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Poaceae | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Protein | en_US |
dc.title | C 3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO 2 | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Geology and Earth Sciences | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA , | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | † Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA , | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | † School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5018, USA , | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | § Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72210/1/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Global Change Biology | en_US |
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