View Item 

Show simple item record

A selective novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of I Κ B kinase- Β (IKK- Β ) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti-inflammatory activity

dc.contributor.authorZiegelbauer, Karlen_US
dc.contributor.authorGantner, Florianen_US
dc.contributor.authorLukacs, Nicholas W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBerlin, Aaronen_US
dc.contributor.authorFuchikami, Kinjien_US
dc.contributor.authorNiki, Toshiroen_US
dc.contributor.authorSakai, Katsuyaen_US
dc.contributor.authorInbe, Hisayoen_US
dc.contributor.authorTakeshita, Keisukeen_US
dc.contributor.authorIshimori, Minaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKomura, Hiroshien_US
dc.contributor.authorMurata, Toshikien_US
dc.contributor.authorLowinger, Timothyen_US
dc.contributor.authorBacon, Kevin B.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T19:36:52Z
dc.date.available2010-06-01T19:36:52Z
dc.date.issued2005-05en_US
dc.identifier.citationZiegelbauer, Karl; Gantner, Florian; Lukacs, Nicholas W; Berlin, Aaron; Fuchikami, Kinji; Niki, Toshiro; Sakai, Katsuya; Inbe, Hisayo; Takeshita, Keisuke; Ishimori, Mina; Komura, Hiroshi; Murata, Toshiki; Lowinger, Timothy; Bacon, Kevin B (2005). "A selective novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of I Κ B kinase- Β (IKK- Β ) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti-inflammatory activity." British Journal of Pharmacology 145(2): 178-192. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72750>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0007-1188en_US
dc.identifier.issn1476-5381en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/72750
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=15753951&dopt=citationen_US
dc.format.extent341841 bytes
dc.format.extent3109 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/octet-stream
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherBlackwell Publishing Ltden_US
dc.rights2005 British Pharmacological Societyen_US
dc.subject.otherProtein Kinasesen_US
dc.subject.otherAsthmaen_US
dc.subject.otherInflammationen_US
dc.subject.otherLungen_US
dc.subject.otherSignal Transductionen_US
dc.subject.otherTranscription Factorsen_US
dc.titleA selective novel low-molecular-weight inhibitor of I Κ B kinase- Β (IKK- Β ) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti-inflammatory activityen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPharmacy and Pharmacologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.en_US
dc.identifier.pmid15753951en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72750/1/sj.bjp.0706176.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/sj.bjp.0706176en_US
dc.identifier.sourceBritish Journal of Pharmacologyen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceADCOCK, I. M. & ITO, K. ( 2004 ). Steroid resistance in asthma: a major problem requiring novel solutions or a non-issue. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 4, 257 – 262.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBAEUERLE, P. A. & BAICHWAL, V. R. ( 1997 ). NF-kappa B as a frequent target for immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory molecules. Adv. Immunol., 65, 111 – 137.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBARNES, P. J. & ADCOCK, I. M. ( 1997 ). NF-kappa B: a pivotal role in asthma and a new target for therapy. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 18, 46 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBAXTER, A., BROUGH, S., COOPER, A., FLOETTMANN, E., FOSTER, S., HARDING, C., KETTLE, J., MCINALLY, T., MARTIN, C., MOBBS, M., NEEDHAM, M., NEWHAM, P., PAINE, S., ST-GALLAY, S., SALTER, S., UNITT, J. & XUE, Y. ( 2004 ). Hit-to-lead studies: the discovery of potent, orally active, thiophenecarboxamide IKK-2 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 2817 – 2822.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBEASLEY, R. ( 2002 ). The burden of asthma with specific reference to the United States. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 109 ( Suppl ), S482 – S489.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBELVISI, M. G., WICKS, S. L., BATTRAM, C. H., BOTTOMS, S. E., REDFORD, J. E., WOODMAN, P., BROWN, T. J., WEBBER, S. E. & FOSTER, M. L. ( 2001 ). Therapeutic benefit of a dissociated glucocorticoid and the relevance of in vitro separation of transrepression from transactivation activity. J. Immunol., 166, 1975 – 1982.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBOOTHBY, M., MORA, A. L., ARONICA, M. A., YOUN, J., SHELLER, J. R., GOENKA, S. & STEPHENSON, L. ( 2001 ). IL-4 signaling, gene transcription regulation, and the control of effector T cells. Immunol. Res., 23, 179 – 191.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBURKE, J. R., PATTOLI, M. A., GREGOR, K. R., BRASSIL, P. J., MACMASTER, J. F., MCINTYRE, K. W., YANG, X., IOTZOVA, V. S., CLARKE, W., STRNAD, J., QIU, Y. & ZUSI, F. C. ( 2003 ). BMS-345541 is a highly selective inhibitor of I kappa B kinase that binds at an allosteric site of the enzyme and blocks NF-kappa B-dependent transcription in mice. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1256 – 1450.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCAMANDOLA, S., LEONARDUZZI, G., MUSSO, T., VARESIO, L., CARINI, R., SCAVAZZA, A., CHIARPOTTO, E., BAEUERLE, P. A. & POLI, G. ( 1996 ). Nuclear factor Κ B is activated by arachidonic acid but not by eicosapentaenoic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 229, 643 – 647.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCAMPBELL, E. M., CHARO, I. F., KUNKEL, S. L., STRIETER, R. M., BORING, L., GOSLING, J. & LUKACS, N. W. ( 1999 ). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates cockroach allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in normal but not CCR2−/− mice: the role of mast cells. J. Immunol., 163, 2160 – 2167.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCAMPBELL, E. M., KUNKEL, S. L., STRIETER, R. M. & LUKACS, N. W. ( 1998 ). Temporal role of chemokines in a murine model of cockroach allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilia. J. Immunol., 161, 7047 – 7053.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCASTRO, A. C., DANG, L. C., SOUCY, F., GRENIER, L., MAZDIYASNI, H., HOTTELET, M., PARENT, L., PIEN, C., PALOMBELLA, V. & ADAMS, J. ( 2003 ). Novel IKK inhibitors: beta-carbolines. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 2419 – 2422.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCHEN, L. W., EGAN, L., LI, Z. W., GRETEN, F. R., KAGNOFF, M. F. & KARIN, M. ( 2003 ). The two faces of IKK and NF-kappaB inhibition: prevention of systemic inflammation but increased local injury following intestinal ischemia–reperfusion. Nat. Med., 9, 575 – 581.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCHRISTMAN, J. W., SADIKOT, R. T. & BLACKWELL, T. S. ( 2000 ). The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in pulmonary diseases. Chest, 117, 1482 – 1487.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD'ACQUISTO, F., IANARO, A., IALENTI, A., IUVONE, T., COLANTUONI, V. & CARNUCCIO, R. ( 1999 ). Activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 369, 233 – 236.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDAS, J., CHEN, C. H., YANG, L., COHN, L., RAY, P. & RAY, A. ( 2001 ). A critical role for NF-kappa B in GATA3 expression and TH2 differentiation in allergic airway inflammation. Nat. Immunol., 2, 45 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDE BOSSCHER, K., VAN DEN BERGHE, W. & HAEGEMAN, G. ( 2003 ). The interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappa B or activator protein-1: molecular mechanisms for gene repression. Endocr. Rev., 24, 488 – 522.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDONOVAN, C. E., MARK, D. A., HE, H. Z., LIOU, H. C., KOBZIK, L., WANG, Y, DE SANCTIS, G. T., PERKINS, D. L. & FINN, P. W. ( 1999 ). NF-kappa B/Rel transcription factors: c-Rel promotes airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic pulmonary inflammation. J. Immunol., 163, 6827 – 6833.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceELLIOTT, P. J., PIEN, C. S., MCCORMACK, T. A., CHAPMAN, I. D. & ADAMS, J. ( 1999 ). Proteasome inhibition: a novel mechanism to combat asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 104, 294 – 300.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGAGLIARDO, R., CHANEZ, P., MATHIEU, M., BRUNO, A., COSTANZO, G., GOUGAT, C., VACHIER, I., BOUSQUET, J., BONSIGNORE, G. & VIGNOLA, A. M. ( 2003 ). Persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in severe uncontrolled asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 168, 1190 – 1198.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGLEICH, G. J. ( 2000 ). Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 105, 651 – 663.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGOSH, S. & KARIN, M. ( 2002 ). Missing pieces in the NF- Κ B puzzle. Cell, 109, S81 – S86.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHART, L. A., KRISHNAN, V. L., ADCOCK, I. M., BARNES, P. J. & CHUNG, K. F. ( 1998 ). Activation and localization of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 158, 1585 – 1592.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHECKMANN, A., WALTZINGER, C., JOLICOEUR, P., DREANO, M., KOSCO-VILBOIS, M. H. & SAGOT, Y. ( 2004 ). IKK2 inhibitor alleviates kidney and wasting diseases in a murine model of human AIDS. Am. J. Pathol., 164, 1253 – 1262.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHIDESHIMA, T., CHAUHAN, D., RICHARDSON, P., MITSIADES, C., MITSIADES, N., HAYASHI, T., MUNSHI, N., DANG, L., CASTRO, A., PALOMBELLA, V., ADAMS, J. & ANDERSON, K. C. ( 2002 ). NF-kappa B as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 16639 – 16647.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHU, Y. L., BAUD, V., DELHASE, M., ZHANG, P., DEERINCK, T., ELLISMAN, M., JOHNSON, R. & KARIN, M. ( 1999 ). Abnormal morphogenesis but intact IKK activation in mice lacking the IKK alpha subunit of I kappa B kinase. Science, 284, 316 – 320.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHU, Y. L., BAUD, V., OGA, T., KIM, K. I., YOSHIDA, K. & KARIN, M. ( 2001 ). IKK alpha controls formation of the epidermis independently of NF-kappa B. Nature, 410, 710 – 714.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceINOUE, H. & TANABE, T. ( 1998 ). Transcriptional role of the nuclear factor kappa B site in the induction by lipopolysaccharide and suppression by dexamethasone of cyclooxygenase-2 in U937 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 244, 143 – 148.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKARIN, M., YAMAMOTO, Y. & WANG, Q. M. ( 2004 ). The IKK NF-kappa B system: a treasure trove for drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 3, 17 – 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKISHORE, N., SOMMERS, C., MATHIALAGAN, S., GUZOVA, J., YAO, M., HAUSER, S., HUYNH, K., BONAR, S., MIELKE, C., ALBEE, L., WEIER, R., GRANETO, M., HANAU, C., PERRY, T. & TRIPP, C. S. ( 2003 ). A selective IKK-2 inhibitor blocks NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression in interleukin-1 beta-stimulated synovial fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 32861 – 32871.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLEUNG, D. Y. & BLOOM, J. W. ( 2003 ). Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 111, 3 – 22.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLI, J., PEET, G. W., PULLEN, S. S., SCHEMBRI-KING, J., WARREN, T. C., MARCU, K. B., KEHRY, M. R., BARTON, R. & JAKES, S. ( 1998 ). Recombinant I kappa B kinases alpha and beta are direct kinases of I kappa B alpha. J. Biol. Chem., 273, 30736 – 30741.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLI, Q. T., VAN ANTWERP, D., MERCURIO, F., LEE, K. F. & VERMA, I. M. ( 1999 ). Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the I kappa B kinase 2 gene. Science, 284, 321 – 325.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLI, X., MASSA, P. E., HANIDU, A., PEET, G. W., ARO, P., SAVITT, A., MISCHE, S., LI, J. & MARCU, K. B. ( 2002 ). IKK alpha, IKK beta, and NEMO/IKK gamma are each required for the NF-kappa B-mediated inflammatory response program. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 45129 – 45140.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLI, Z. W., CHU, W., HU, Y., DELHASE, M., DEERINCK, T., ELLISMAN, M., JOHNSON, R. & KARIN, M. ( 1999 ). The IKK beta subunit of I kappa B kinase (IKK) is essential for nuclear factor kappa B activation and prevention of apoptosis. J. Exp. Med., 189, 1839 – 1845.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLI, Z. W., OMORI, S. A., LABUDA, T., KARIN, M. & RICKERT, R. C. ( 2003 ). IKK beta is required for peripheral B cell survival and proliferation. J. Immunol., 170, 4630 – 4637.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMACMASTER, J. F., DAMBACH, D. M., LEE, D. B., BERRY, K. K., QIU, Y., ZUSI, F. C. & BURKE, J. R. ( 2003 ). An inhibitor of IkappaB kinase, BMS-345541, blocks endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and reduces the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Inflamm. Res., 52, 508 – 511.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMCINTYRE, K. W., SHUSTER, D. J., GILLOOLY, K. M., DAMBACH, D. M., PATTOLI, M. A., LU, P., ZHOU, X. D., QIU, Y., ZUSI, F. C. & BURKE, J. R. ( 2003 ). A highly selective inhibitor of I kappa B kinase, BMS-345541, blocks both joint inflammation and destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum., 48, 2652 – 2659.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMULLER, J. R. & SIEBENLIST, U. ( 2003 ). Lymphotoxin beta receptor induces sequential activation of distinct NF-kappa B factors via separate signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 12006 – 12012.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMURATA, T., SHIMADA, M., KADONO, H., SAKAKIBARA, S., YOSHINO, T., MASUDA, T., SHIMAZAKI, M., SHINTANI, T., FUCHIKAMI, K., BACON, K. B., ZIEGELBAUER, K. B. & LOWINGER, T. B. ( 2004a ). Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of novel IKK-beta inhibitors. Part 2: improvement of in vitro activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 4013 – 4017.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMURATA, T., SHIMADA, M., SAKAKIBARA, S., YOSHINO, T., KADONO, H., MASUDA, T., SHIMAZAKI, M., SHINTANI, T., FUCHIKAMI, K., SAKAI, K., INBE, H., TAKESHITA, K., NIKI, T., UMEDA, M., BACON, K. B., ZIEGELBAUER, K. B. & LOWINGER, T. B. ( 2003 ). Discovery of novel and selective IKK-serine–threonine protein kinase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 913 – 918.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMURATA, T., SHIMADA, M., SAKAKIBARA, S., YOSHINO, T., MASUDA, T., SHINTANI, T., SATO, H., KORIYAMA, Y., FUKUSHIMA, K., NUNAMI, N., YAMAUCHI, M., FUCHIKAMI, K., KOMURA, H., WATANABE, A., ZIEGELBAUER, K. B., BACON, K. B. & LOWINGER, T. B ( 2004b ). Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of novel IKK-beta inhibitors. Part 3: Orally active anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 4019 – 4022.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNEWTON, R., KUITERT, L. M., BERGMANN, M., ADCOCK, I. M. & BARNES, P. J. ( 1997 ). Evidence for involvement of NF-kappaB in the transcriptional control of COX-2 gene expression by IL-1beta. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 237, 28 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePASPARAKIS, M., SCHMIDT-SUPPRIAN, M. & RAJEWSKY, K. ( 2002 ). IkappaB kinase signaling is essential for maintenance of mature B cells. J. Exp. Med., 196, 743 – 752.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePOYNTER, M. E., IRVIN, C. G. & JANSSEN-HEININGER, Y. M. ( 2002 ). Rapid activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in airway epithelium in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Am. J. Pathol., 160, 1325 – 1334.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePUIGNERO, V. & QUERALT, J. ( 1997 ). Effect of topically applied cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitors on arachidonic acid- and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-induced dermal inflammation in the mouse. Inflammation, 21, 431 – 442.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceROTHWARF, D. M. & KARIN, M. ( 1999 ). The NF-kappa B activation pathway: a paradigm in information transfer from membrane to nucleus. Sci STKE, 5, RE1.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRUDOLPH, D., YEH, W. C., WAKEHAM, A., RUDOLPH, B., NALLAINATHAN, D., POTTER, J., ELIA, A. J. & MAK, T. W. ( 2000 ). Severe liver degeneration and lack of NF-kappa B activation in NEMO/IKK gamma-deficient mice. Genes Dev., 14, 854 – 862.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSALLUSTO, F. & LANZAVECCHIA, A. ( 1994 ). Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J. Exp. Med., 17, 1109 – 1118.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSENFTLEBEN, U., CAO, Y., XIAO, G., GRETEN, F. R., KRAHN, G., BONIZZI, G., CHEN, Y., HU, Y., FONG, A., SUN, S. C. & KARIN, M. ( 2001 ). Activation by IKK alpha of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Science, 293, 1495 – 1499.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSIL, A. K., MAEDA, S., SANO, Y., ROOP, D. R. & KARIN, M. ( 2004 ). IkB kinase-alpha acts in the epidermis to control skeletal and craniofacial morphogenesis. Nature, 442, 660 – 664.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSTACEY, M. A., SUN, G., VASSALLI, G., MARINI, M., BELLINI, A. & MATTOLI, S ( 1997 ). The allergen Der p1 induces NF-kappaB activation through interference with IkappaB alpha function in asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 236, 522 – 526.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTAKEDA, K., TAKEUCHI, O., TSUJIMURA, T., ITAMI, S., ADACHI, O., KAWAI, T., SANJO, H., YOSHIKAWA, K., TERADA, N. & AKIRA, S. ( 1999 ). Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha. Science, 284, 313 – 316.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTANAKA, M., FUENTES, M. E., YAMAGUCH, I. K., DURNIN, M. H., DALRYMPLE, S. A., HARDY, K. L. & GOEDDEL, D. V. ( 1999 ). Embryonic lethality, liver degeneration, and impaired NF-kappa B activation in IKK-beta-deficient mice. Immunity, 10, 421 – 429.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTEGEDER, I., NIEDERBERGER, E., SCHMIDT, R., KUNZ, S., GUHRING, H., RITZELER, O., MICHAELIS, M. & GEISSLINGER, G ( 2004 ). Specific inhibition of IkappaB kinase reduces hyperalgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models in rats. J. Neurosci., 24, 1637 – 1645.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTOWNSEND, R. M., POSTELNEK, J., SUSULIC, V., MCINTYRE, K. W., SHUSTER, D. J., QIU, Y., ZUSI, F. C. & BURKE, J. R. ( 2004 ). A highly selective inhibitor of IkappaB kinase, BMS-345541, augments graft survival mediated by suboptimal immunosuppression in a murine model of cardiac graft rejection. Transplantation, 77, 1090 – 1094.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVERMA, I. M., STEVENSON, J. K., SCHWARZ, E. M., VAN ANTWERP, D. & MIYAMOTO, S. ( 1995 ). Rel/Nf-Kappa B/I Kappa B family: intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev., 9, 2723 – 2735.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWENZEL, S. ( 2003 ). Mechanisms of severe asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 33, 1622 – 1628.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYAMAMOTO, Y. & GAYNOR, R. B. ( 2004 ). IkappaB kinases: key regulators of the NF-kappaB pathway. Trends Biochem. Sci., 29, 72 – 79.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYANG, L., COHN, L., ZHANG, D. H., HOMER, R., RAY, A. & RAY, P. ( 1998 ). Essential role of nuclear factor kappa B in the induction of eosinophilia in allergic airway inflammation. J. Exp. Med., 188, 1739 – 1750.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
sj.bjp.0706176.pdf
Size:
333.8KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.