The Meaning and Meaningfulness of Corporate Social Initiatives
dc.contributor.author | Hess, David | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Warren, Danielle E. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-06-01T20:00:20Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-06-01T20:00:20Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2008-06 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | HESS, DAVID; WARREN, DANIELLE E. (2008). "The Meaning and Meaningfulness of Corporate Social Initiatives." Business and Society Review 113(2): 163-197. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/73133> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0045-3609 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1467-8594 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/73133 | |
dc.description.abstract | In response to pressures to be more “socially responsible,” corporations are becoming more active in global communities through direct involvement in social initiatives. Critics, however, question the sincerity of these activities and argue that firms are simply attempting to stave off stakeholder pressures without providing a corresponding benefit to society. By drawing on institutional theory and resource dependence theory, we consider what factors influence the adoption of a “meaningful” social initiative—an initiative that is sustainable and has the potential for a significant positive impact on society—as opposed to a symbolic initiative. In addition, we raise the question of how social initiatives—both meaningful and symbolic—participate in the “institutional war” over the meaning of corporate social responsibility. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 145940 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3109 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Publishing Inc | en_US |
dc.rights | © 2008 Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College | en_US |
dc.title | The Meaning and Meaningfulness of Corporate Social Initiatives | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Economics | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Business | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Rutgers Business School, Newark and New Brunswick, Newark New Jersey | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73133/1/j.1467-8594.2008.00317.x.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1467-8594.2008.00317.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Business and Society Review | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Abelson, R. 1999. “Crisis in the Balkans: Aid; In a Wave of Balkan Charity Comes Drug Aid of Little Use.” New York Times, June 29, A1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Adams, C. A. 2002. “Internal organizational factors influencing corporate social and ethical reporting: Beyond current theorizing.” Accountability, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15: 223 – 250. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Adams, C. A., and Evans, R. 2004. “Accountability, completeness, credibility and the audit expectations gap.” Journal of Corporate Citizenship 14: 97 – 115. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Adams, M., and Hardwick, P. 1998. “An analysis of corporate donations: United Kingdom evidence.” Journal of Management Studies 35: 641 – 654. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Alperson, M. 1996. “Measuring corporate community involvement,” New York: Conference Board Report #1169. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Alperson, M. 1998. Building the Corporate Community Economic Development Team. New York: Conference Board Report #1205. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Alsop, R. 2002. “Perils of corporate philanthropy: Touting good works offends the public, but reticence is misperceived as inaction.” The Wall Street Journal, January 16, 2002, B1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Andreasen, A. R., and Drumwright, M. E. 2001. “Alliances and ethics in social marketing.” In A. R. Andreasen, ed., Ethics in Social Marketing ( Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001, pp. 95 – 124 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Austin, J. E. 2000. The Collaboration Challenge: How Nonprofits and Businesses Succeed Through Strategic Alliances. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bakan, J. 2004. The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. New York: Free Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bansal, P., and Roth, K. 2000. “Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness.” Academy of Management Journal 43: 717 – 747. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barringer, M. W., and Milkovich, G. T. 1998. “A theoretical exploration of the adoption and design of flexible benefit plans: A case of human resource innovation.” Academy of Management Review 23 ( 2 ): 305 – 324. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Barta, P., and Bellman, E. 2005. “Sri Lanka is grateful, but what to do with the Ski Parkas?” The Wall Street Journal February 3, A1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berman, S. L., Wicks, A. C., Kotha, S., and Jones, T. M. 1999. “Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance.” Academy of Management Journal 42: 488 – 506. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berthelot, S., Denis, C., and Michel, M. 2003. “Environmental disclosure research: Review and synthesis.” Journal of Accounting Literature 22: 1 – 44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Boatsman, J. R., and Gupta, S. 1996. “Taxes and corporate charity: Empirical evidence from micro-level panel data.” National Tax Journal 49: 193 – 213. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bowie, N. E. 1991. “New directions in corporate social responsibility.” Business Horizons 34: 56 – 65. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Brammer, S., and Millington, A. 2003. “The effect of stakeholder preferences, organizational structure and industry type on corporate community involvement.” Journal of Business Ethics 45: 213 – 226. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Branch, S. 2002. “U.S. companies fret they may take blame for obesity.” The Wall Street Journal June 13: 1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bruch, H., and Walter, F. 2005. “The keys to rethinking corporate philanthropy.” Sloan Management Review 47: 49 – 55. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Buchholtz, A., Amason, A. C., and Rutherford, M. A. 1999. “Beyond resources: The mediating effects of top management discretion and values on corporate philanthropy.” Business and Society 38: 167 – 187. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cadbury Schweppes. 2006. Promoting Active Lifestyles. Accessed on February 4, 2006. http://www.cadburyschweppes.com/EN/EnvironmentSociety/CaseStudies/PromActiveLSUK.htm. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chase, M., and Barta, P. 2005. “Antibiotics without patients: Drug shipment's long road to treating tsunami victims illustrates obstacles to aid.” Wall St. Journal February 2, B1. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Christian Aid. 2004. Behind the Mask: The Real Face of Corporate Social Responsibility. Available online at: http://www.christianaid.org.uk. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | D’Aunno, T., Sutton, R. I., and Price, R. H. 1991. “Isomorphism and external support in conflicting institutional environments: A study of drug abuse treatment clinics.” Academy of Management Journal 14: 636 – 661. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Davidson, D. K., and Novelli, W. D. 2001. “Social marketing as business strategy: The ethical dimension.” In A. R. Andreasen, ed., Ethics in Social Marketing ( Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001, pp. 70 – 94 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Davis, G. F. 2005. “Firms and environments.” In N. J. Smelser, and R. Swedberg, eds., Handbook of Economic Sociology (2nd ed.), ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005, pp. 478 – 503 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Deegan, C. 2002. “The legitimising effect of social and environmental disclosures—a theoretical foundation.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15: 282 – 311. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Deegan, C., and Rankin, M. 1996. “Do Australian companies report environmental news objectively? An analysis of environmental disclosures by firms prosecuted successfully by the Environmental Protection Authority.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9: 50 – 67. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Deegan, C., Rankin, M., and Voght, P. 2000. “Firm's disclosure reactions to major social incidents: Australian evidence.” Accounting Forum 24: 101 – 131. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | DiMaggio, P. J. 1991. “Constructing an organizational field as a professional project: U.S. art museums, 1920–1940.” In W. W. Powell, and P. J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp. 267 – 292 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | DiMaggio, P. J., and Powell, W. W. 1983. “The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields.” American Sociological Review 48: 147 – 160. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Donaldson, T., and Dunfee, T. W. 1994. “Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory.” Academy of Management Review 19: 252 – 284. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Donaldson, T., and Dunfee, T. W. 1999. The Ties That Bind. Boston: Harvard University. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Donaldson, T., and Preston, L. 1995. “The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications.” Academy of Management Review 20: 65 – 91. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dunfee, T. W. 2006. “Do firms with unique competencies for rescuing victims of human catastrophe have special obligations? Corporate responsibility and the AIDS catastrophe in sub-Saharan Africa.” Business Ethics Quarterly 16 ( 2 ): 185 – 210. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dunfee, T. W., and Hess, D. 2000. “The legitimacy of direct corporate humanitarian investment.” Business Ethics Quarterly 10: 95 – 109. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dutton, J., and Dukerich, J. 1991. “Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity in organizational adaptation.” Academy of Management Journal 34: 517 – 554. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Economist. 2005. “ The Union of Concerned Executives.” Economist. January 22, pp. 3 – 6 (special section). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Edelman, L. B. 1992. “Legal ambiguity and symbolic structures: Organizational mediation of civil rights law.” American Journal of Sociology 97: 1531 – 1576. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Edelman, L. B., Fuller, S. R., and Drita, I. M. 2001. “Diversity rhetoric and the managerialization of law.” American Journal of Sociology 106: 1589 – 1641. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Elsbach, K. D., and Kramer, R. M. 1996. “Members’ responses to organizational identity threats: Encountering and countering the Business Week rankings.” Administrative Science Quarterly 41: 442 – 476. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Evan, W., and Freeman, R. E. 1983. “A stakeholder theory of the modern corporation: Kantian capitalism.” In T. Beauchamp, and N. Bowie, eds., Ethical Theory in Business (pp. 75 – 93 ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Farrelly, M. C., Healton, C. G., Davis, K. C., Messeri, P., Hersey, J. C., and Haviland, M. L. 2002. “Getting to the truth: Evaluating national tobacco countermarketing campaigns.” American Journal of Public Health 92: 901 – 907. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fombrun, C., Gardberg, N. A., and Barnett, M. L. 2000. “Opportunity platforms and safety nets: Corporate citizenship and reputational risk.” Business and Society Review 105 ( 1 ): 85 – 106. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fox-Wolfgramm, S., Boal, K., and Hunt, J. 1998. “Organizational adaptation to institutional change: A comparative study of first-order change in prospector and defender banks.” Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 87 – 126. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Friedland, R., and Alford, R. R. 1991. “Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions.” In W. W. Powell, and P. J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp. 232 – 263 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Galaskiewicz, J. 1997. “An urban grants economy revisited: Corporate charitable contributions in the twin cities, 1979–81, 1987–89.” Administrative Science Quarterly 42: 445 – 471. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gioa, D., Schultz, M., and Corley, K. 2000. “Organizational identity, image and adaptive instability.” Academy of Management Review 25: 63 – 81. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goodrick, E., and Salancik, G. R. 1996. “Organizational discretion in responding to institutional practices: Hospitals and Casarean Births.” Administration Science Quarterly 41: 1 – 28. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goodstein, J. D. 1994. “Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: Employer involvement in work–family issues.” Academy of Management Journal 37: 350 – 382. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Green, S. D. 2001. “The case for caring.” PR Week, October 1, 23. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greening, D., and Gray, B. 1994. “Testing a model of organizational response to social and political issues.” Academy of Management Journal 37 ( 3 ): 467 – 498. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Greenwood, R., and Hinings, C. R. 1996. “Understanding radical organizational change: Bringing together the old and the new institutionalism.” Academy of Management Review 21: 1022 – 1055. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Haley, U. C. V. 1991. “Corporate contributions as managerial masques: Reframing corporate contributions as strategies to influence society.” Journal of Management 28: 485 – 509. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hess, D., Rogovsky, N., and Dunfee, T. W. 2002. “The next wave of corporate community investment: Corporate social initiatives.” California Management Review 44: 110 – 125. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hillman, A. J., and Hitt, M. A. 1999. “Corporate political strategy formulation: A model of approach, participation, and strategy decisions.” Academy of Management Review 24: 825 – 842. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hoffman, A. J. 1997. From Heresy to Dogma: An Institutional History of Corporate Environmentalism. San Francisco: New Lexington Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hoffman, A. J. 1999. “Institutional evolution and change: Environmentalism and the U.S. chemical industry.” Academy of Management Journal 42 ( 4 ): 351 – 371. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hoffman, A. J. 2001. “Linking organizational and field-level analyses.” Organization and Environment 14 ( 2 ): 133 – 156. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hollender, J., and Fenichell, S. 2004. What Matters Most: How a Small Group of Pioneers Is Teaching Social Responsibility to Big Business, and Why Big Business Is Listening. New York: Basic Books. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Howard-Grenville, J. A. 2002. “Institutional evolution: The case of the semiconductor industry voluntary PFC emissions reduction agreements.” In A. J. Hoffman, and M. J. Ventresca, eds., Organizations, Policy and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives ( Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002, pp. 291 – 308 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Howard-Grenville, J. A., and Hoffman, A. J. 2003. “The importance of cultural framing to the success of social initiatives in business.” Academy of Management Executive 17: 70 – 86. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ingram, P., and Simons, T. 1995. “Institutional and resource dependence determinants of responsiveness to work–family issues.” Academy of Management Journal 38: 1466 – 1482. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Joshi, P., and Sanger, E. 2005. “Best medicine: Providing drugs for tsunami victims has become a cooperative, well-researched effort to send the right stuff.” Newsday, January 4, A44. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kelly, E. 2003. “The strange history of employer-sponsored child care: Interested actors, uncertainty, and the transformation of law in organizational fields.” American Journal of Sociology 109 ( 3 ): 606 – 649. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | King, A. A., and Lenox, M. J. 2000. “Industry self-regulation without sanctions: The chemical industry's responsible care program.” Academy of Management Journal 43: 698 – 716. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Kotler, P., and Lee, N. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Landman, A., Ling, P. M., and Glantz, S. A. 2002. “Tobacco industry youth smoking prevention programs: Protecting the industry and hurting tobacco control.” American Journal of Public Health 92: 901 – 907. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lopatin, M. 2004. “Responsible attitudes: Many companies now report on the social and environmental impacts of their activities as a way of enhancing their reputation. But is this just window-dressing for business-as-usual?” The Guardian, May 19, 12. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lounsbury, M. 2001. “Institutional sources of practice variation: Staffing college and university recycling programs.” Administrative Science Quarterly 46 ( 1 ): 29 – 56. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McQueen, A. 2001. Philip Morris Draws Fire for Anti-smoking Freebies at Schools. Accessed on February 4, 2006. http://www.mindfully.org/Industry/Philip-Morris-Subliminal-School.htm | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McWilliams, A., and Siegel, D. 2001. “Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective.” Academy of Management Review 26 ( 1 ): 117 – 127. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Meyer, J. W., and Rowan, B. 1977. “Institutional organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83: 340 – 363. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Milstein, M. B., Hart, S. L., and York, A. S. 2002. “Coercion breeds variation: The differential impact of isomorphic pressures on environmental strategies.” In A. J. Hoffman, and M. J. Ventresca, eds., Organizations, Policy, and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives ( Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002, pp. 151 – 168 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., and Wood, D. J. 1997. “Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts.” Academy of Management Review 22: 853 – 886. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nash, J., and Ehrenfeld, J. R. 2001. “Factors that shape EMS outcomes in firms.” In C. Coglianese, and J. Nash, eds., Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals? ( Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2001, pp. 61 – 81 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | O’Reilly, N. 2004. “CSR help is at hand.” Personnel Today, July 27, 19. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Oliver, C. 1991. “Strategic responses to institutional processes.” Academy of Management Review 16: 145 – 179. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pearce, II J. A., and Doh, J. P. 2005. “The high impact of collaborative social initiatives.” Sloan Management Review 46: 30 – 39. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Polonsky, M. J., and Wood, G. 2001. “Can the overcommercialization of cause-related marketing harm society?” Journal of Macromarketing 21 ( 1 ): 8 – 22. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Porter, M. E., and Kramer, M. R. 2002. “The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy.” Harvard Business Review December: 3 – 14. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Porter, M. E., and Kramer, M. R. 2006. “Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility.” Harvard Business Review December: 78 – 92. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Powell, W. W. 1991. “Expanding the scope of institutional analysis.” In W. W. Powell, and P. J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp. 183 – 203 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rosen, S., Simon, J., Vincent, J. R., McLeod, W., Fox, M., and Thea, D. M. 2003. “AIDS is your business.” Harvard Business Review February: 5 – 11. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Russo, M. V., and Fouts, P. A. 1997. “A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability.” Academy of Management Journal 40: 534 – 559. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sastry, M. A., Bernicke, J. W., and Hart, S. L. 2002. “Changing shades of green: Coupling and decoupling in Monsanto's environmental orientations, 1991–1997.” In A. J. Hoffman, and M. J. Ventresca, eds., Organizations, Policy, and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives ( Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002, pp. 262 – 290 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Scott, W. R., and Meyer, J. W. 1983. “The organization of societal sectors.” In J. W. Meyer, and W. R. Scott, eds., Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality ( Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983, pp. 129 – 153 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sethi, S. P. 2003a. “Globalization and the good corporation: A need for proactive co-existence.” Journal of Business Ethics 43 ( 1/2 ): 21 – 31. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sethi, S. P. 2003b. Setting Global Standards: Guidelines for Creating Codes of Conduct in Multinational Corporations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shamir, R. 2004. “The de-radicalization of corporate social responsibility.” Critical Sociology 30: 669 – 689. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Shamir, R. 2005. “Minding the gap: The commodification of corporate social responsibility.” Symbolic Interaction 28: 229 – 253. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith, C. 1994. “The new corporate philanthropy.” Harvard Business Review May–June: 105 – 116. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith, N. C. 2003. “Corporate social responsibility: Whether or how?” California Management Review 45: 52 – 76. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Spar, D. L., and La Mure, L. T. 2003. “The power of activism: Assessing the impact of global NGOs on global business.” California Management Review 45: 78 – 101. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Strang, D., and Macy, M. W. 2001. “In search of excellence: Fads, success stories, and adaptive emulation.” American Journal of Sociology 107: 147 – 182. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tokar, B. 1997. Earth for Sale: Reclaiming Ecology in the Age of Corporate Greenwash. Boston: South End Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Trevino, L., Weaver, G. R., and Cochran, P. 1999. “Integrated and decoupled corporate social performance: Management commitments, external pressures, and corporate ethics practices.” Academy of Management Journal 42: 539 – 552. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Useem, M. 1988. “Market and institutional factors in corporate contributions.” California Management Review 30: 77 – 88. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Walsh, J. P., Weber, K., and Margolis, J. D. 2003. “Social issues and management: Our lost cause found.” Journal of Management 29 ( 6 ): 859 – 881. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Westphal, J. D., and Zajac, E. J. 1994. “Substance and symbolism in CEOs’ long-term incentive plans.” Administrative Science Quarterly 39: 367 – 390. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Westphal, J. D., and Zajac, E. J. 1998. “The symbolic management of stockholders: Corporate governance reforms and shareholder reactions.” Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 127. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Westphal, J. D., and Zajac, E. J. 2001. “Decoupling policy from practice: The case of stock repurchase programs.” Administrative Science Quarterly 46: 202 – 228. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Westphal, J. D., Gulati, R., and Shortell, S. M. 1997. “Customization or conformity? An institutional and network perspective on the content and consequences of TQM adoption.” Administrative Science Quarterly 42: 366 – 394. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wild, C. 1993. Corporate Volunteer Programs: Benefits to Business. Report No. 1029. The Conference Board. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Young, D. R., and Burlingame, D. F. 1996. “Paradigm lost: Research towards a new understanding of corporate philanthropy.” In D. R. Young, and D. F. Burlingame, eds., Corporate Philanthropy at the Crossroads ( Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996, pp. 158 – 176 ). | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zadek, S. 2000. Doing Good and Doing Well: Making the Business Case for Corporate Citizenship. Conference Board Report No. 1282. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zajac, E. J., and Westphal, J. D. 1995. “Accounting for the explanations of CEO compensation: Substance and symbolism.” Administrative Science Quarterly 40: 283 – 308. | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.