View Item 

Show simple item record

Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale
dc.contributor.authorKim, Yongsiken_US
dc.contributor.authorOh, Tae-Juen_US
dc.contributor.authorMisch, Carl E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWang, Hom-Layen_US
dc.date.accessioned2010-06-01T20:06:04Z
dc.date.available2010-06-01T20:06:04Z
dc.date.issued2005-02en_US
dc.identifier.citationKim, Yongsik; Oh, Tae-Ju; Misch, Carl E.; Wang, Hom-Lay (2005). "Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale." Clinical Oral Implants Research 16(1): 26-35. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/73226>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0905-7161en_US
dc.identifier.issn1600-0501en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/73226
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=15642028&dopt=citationen_US
dc.description.abstractDue to lack of the periodontal ligament, osseointegrated implants, unlike natural teeth, react biomechanically in a different fashion to occlusal force. It is therefore believed that dental implants may be more prone to occlusal overloading, which is often regarded as one of the potential causes for peri-implant bone loss and failure of the implant/implant prosthesis. Overloading factors that may negatively influence on implant longevity include large cantilevers, parafunctions, improper occlusal designs, and premature contacts. Hence, it is important to control implant occlusion within physiologic limit and thus provide optimal implant load to ensure a long-term implant success. The purposes of this paper are to discuss the importance of implant occlusion for implant longevity and to provide clinical guidelines of optimal implant occlusion and possible solutions managing complications related to implant occlusion. It must be emphasized that currently there is no evidence-based, implant-specific concept of occlusion. Future studies in this area are needed to clarify the relationship between occlusion and implant success. To cite this article: Kim Y, Oh T-J, Misch CE, Wang H-L. Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01067.xen_US
dc.format.extent222802 bytes
dc.format.extent3109 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypetext/plain
dc.publisherMunksgaard International Publishersen_US
dc.publisherBlackwell Publishing Ltden_US
dc.rightsCopyright © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004en_US
dc.subject.otherDental Implanten_US
dc.subject.otherImplant Longevityen_US
dc.subject.otherImplant Occlusionen_US
dc.subject.otherOverloadingen_US
dc.titleOcclusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationaleen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelDentistryen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumDepartment of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USAen_US
dc.identifier.pmid15642028en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73226/1/j.1600-0501.2004.01067.x.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01067.xen_US
dc.identifier.sourceClinical Oral Implants Researchen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdell, R., Eriksson, B., Lekholm, U., BrÅnemark, P. I. & Jemt, T. ( 1990 ) Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 5: 347 – 359.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B. & BrÅnemark, P. I. ( 1981 ) A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. International Journal of Oral Surgery 10: 387 – 416.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAppleton, R. S., Nummikoski, P. V., Pigmo, M. A., Bell, F. A. & Cronin, R. J. ( 1997 ) Peri-implant bone changes in response to progressive osseous loading. Journal Dental Research 76 ( special issue ): 412 (Abstract 3191).en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAsikainen, P., Klemetti, E., Vuillemin, T., Sutter, F., Rainio, V. & Kotilainen, R. ( 1997 ) Titanium implants and lateral forces. An experimental study with sheep. Clinical Oral Implants Research 8: 465 – 468.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBalshi, T. J., Hernandez, R. E., Pryszlak, M. C. & Rangert, B. ( 1996 ) A comparative study of one implant vs. two replacing a single molar. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 11: 372 – 378.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBecker, W. & Becker, B. E. ( 1995 ) Replacement of maxillary and mandibular molars with single endosseous implant restorations: a retrospective study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 7: 51 – 55.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBecktor, J. P., Eckert, S. E., Isaksson, S. & Keller, E. E. ( 2002 ) The influence of mandibular dentition on implant failures in bone-grafted edentulous maxillae. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 17: 69 – 77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBelser, U. C., Mericske-Stern, R., Bernard, J. P. & Taylor, T. D. ( 2000 ) Prosthetic management of the partially dentate patient with fixed implant restorations. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11 ( Suppl. 1 ): 126 – 145.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeyron, H. L. ( 1969 ) Optimal occlusion. Dental Clinics of North America 37: 537 – 554.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlomqvist, J. E., Alberius, P., Isaksson, S., Linde, A. & Hansson, B. G. ( 1996 ) Factors in implant integration failure after bone grafting: an osteometric and endocrinologic matched analysis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 25: 63 – 68.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrÅnemark, P. I., Hannson, B. O., Adell, R., Breine, U., Lindstrom, J., Hallen, O., Ohman, A. ( 1977 ) Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10 year period. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 16 (Suppl.): 1 – 132.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChang, T. L., Roumanas, E., Jovanovic, S. A. & Beumer III, J. ( 2002 ) Prosthetic aspects of dental implants. In: Newman, M. G., Takei, H. H. & Carranza, F. A., eds. Carranza's clinical periodontology. 9th edition, 922 – 930. Philadelphia, London, New York, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto: W.B. Saunders Co.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChapman, R. J. ( 1989 ) Principles of occlusion for implant prostheses: guidelines for position, timing, and force of occlusal contacts. Quintessence International 20: 473 – 480.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCho, G. C. & Chee, W. W. L. ( 1992 ) Apparent intrusion of natural teeth under an implant-supported prosthsis: a clinical report. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 68: 3 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCochran, D. L. ( 1999 ) A comparison of endosseous dental implant surfaces. Journal of Periodontology 70: 1523 – 1539.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper, L. & Moriarty, J. ( 1997 ) Prosthodontic and periodontal considerations for implant-supported dental restorations. Current Opinion in Periodontology 4: 119 – 126.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCurtis, D. A., Sharma, A., Finzen, F. C. & Kao, R. T. ( 2000 ) Occlusal considerations for implant restorations in the partially edentulous patient. Journal of the California Dental Association 28: 771 – 779.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceD'Amico, A. ( 1958 ) The canine teeth: normal-functional relation of the natural teeth of man. Journal of South California Dental Association 26: 1 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDario, L. J. ( 1995 ) How occlusal forces change in implant patients: a clinical research report. Journal of the American Dental Association 126: 1130 – 1133.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuyck, J., Ronold, H. J., Van Oosterwyck, H., Naert, I., Vander Sloten, J. & Ellingsen, J. E. ( 2001 ) The influence of static and dynamic loading on marginal bone reactions around osseointegrated implants: an animal experimental study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 12: 207 – 218.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDuyck, J., Van Oosterwyck, H., Vander Sloten, J., De Cooman, M., Puers, R. & Naert, I. ( 2000 ) Magnitude and distribution of occlusal forces onoral implants supporting fixed prostheses: an in vivo study. Clinical Oral ImplantsResearch 11: 465 – 475.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEngelman, M. J. ( 1996 ) Occlusion. In: Clinical decisionmaking and treatment planning in osseointegration. 1st edition, 169 – 176. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEngquist, B., Bergendal, T., Kallus, T. & Linden, U. ( 1988 ) A retrospective multicenter evaluation of osseointegrated implants supporting overdentures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 3: 129 – 134.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEsposito, M., Thomsen, P., Molne, J., Gretzer, C., Ericson, L. E. & Lekholm, U. ( 1997 ) Immunohistochemistry of soft tissues surrounding late failures of BrÅnemark implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 8: 352 – 366.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalk, H., Laurell, L. & Lundgren, D. ( 1989 ) Occlusal force pattern in dentitions with mandibular implant-supported fixed cantilever prostheses occluded with complete dentures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 4: 55 – 62.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFalk, H., Laurell, L. & Lundgren, D. ( 1990 ) Occlusal interferences and cantilever joint stress in implant-supported prostheses occluding with complete dentures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 5: 70 – 77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGibbs, C. H., Mahan, P. E., Lundeen, H. C., Brehnan, K., Walsh, E. K., Sinkewiz, S. L. & Ginsberg, S. B. ( 1981 ) Occlusal forces during chewing – influences of biting strength and food consistency. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 46: 561 – 567.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGlantz, P. O. & Nilner, K. ( 1998 ) Biomechanical aspects of prosthetic implant-borne reconstructions. Periodontology 2000 17: 119 – 124.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHÄmmerle, C. H., Wagner, D., Bragger, U., Lussi, A., Karayiannis, A., Joss, A. & Lang, N. P. ( 1995 ) Threshold of tactile sensitivity perceived with dental endosseous implants and natural teeth. Clinical Oral Implants Research 6: 83 – 90.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHillam, D. G. ( 1973 ) Stresses in the periodontal ligament. Journal of Periodontal Research 8: 51 – 56.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHobkirk, J. A. & Brouziotou-Davas, E. ( 1996 ) The influence of occlusal scheme on masticatory forces using implant stabilized bridges. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 23: 386 – 391.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHobo, S., Ichida, E. & Garcia, L. T. ( 1989 ) Ideal occlusion. In: Osseointegration and occlusal rehabilitation. 1st edition, 315 – 328. Tokyo, Berlin, Chicago, London, Sao Paulo, Hong Kong: Quintessence Publishing Company.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoshaw, S. J., Brunski, J. B. & Cochran, G. V. B. ( 1994 ) Mechanical loading of branemark implants affects interfacial bone modeling and remodeling. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 9: 677 – 683.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHÜrzeler, M. B., Quinones, C. R., Kohal, R. J., Rohde, M., Strub, J. R., Teuscher, U. & Caffesse, R. G. ( 1998 ) Changes in peri-implant tissues subjected to orthodontic forces and ligature breakdown in monkeys. Journal of Periodontology 69: 396 – 404.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHutton, J. E., Heath, M. R., Chai, J. Y., Harnett, J., Jemt, T., Johns, R. B., McKenna, S., McNamara, D. C., van Steenberghe, D. & Taylor, R. ( 1995 ) Factors related to success and failure rates at 3-year follow-up in a multicenter study of overdentures supported by Branemark implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 10: 33 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIsidor, F. ( 1996 ) Loss of osseointegration caused byocclusal load of oral implants. A clinical and radiographic study in monkeys. Clinical Oral Implants Research 7: 143 – 152.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIsidor, F. ( 1997 ) Histological evaluation of peri-implant bone at implants subjected to occlusal overload or plaque accumulation. Clinical Oral Implants Research 8: 1 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacobs, R. & van Steenberghe, D. ( 1993 ) Comparison between implant-supported prostheses and teeth regarding passive threshold level. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 8: 549 – 554.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJaffin, R. A. & Berman, C. L. ( 1991 ) The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. Journal of Periodontology 62: 2 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJemt, T. & Lekholm, U. ( 1993 ) Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws: a 5-year follow-up report. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 8: 635 – 640.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJemt, T. & Lekholm, U. ( 1995 ) Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae: a 5-year follow-up report on patients with different degrees of jaw resorption. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 10: 303 – 311.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaukinen, J. A., Edge, M. J. & Lang, B. R. ( 1996 ) The influence of occlusal design on simulated masticatory forces transferred to implant-retained prostheses and supporting bone. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 76: 50 – 55.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLang, B. R. & Razzoog, M. E. ( 1992 ) Lingualized integration: tooth molds and an occlusal scheme for edentulous implant patients. Implant Dentistry 1: 204 – 211.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLang, N. P., Wilson, T. G. & Corbet, E. F. ( 2000 ) Biological complications with dental implants: their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11 ( Suppl. ): 146 – 155.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLekolm, U. & Zarb, G. A. ( 1985 ) Patient selection and preparation. In: Branemark, P. I., Zarb, G. A. & Albrektsson, T., eds. Tissue-integrated prostheses. 1st edition, 199 – 210. Chicago, London, Berlin, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo: Quintessence Publishing Company.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindhe, J. & Karring, T. ( 1998 ) Anatomy of perodontium. In: Lindhe, J., Kkarring, T. & Lang, N. P., eds. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 3rd edition, 45 – 49. Copenhagen: Munksgaaard.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindquist, L. W., Carlsson, G. E. & Jemt, T. ( 1996 ) A prospective 15-year follow-up study of mandibular fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants. Clinical results and marginal bone loss. Clinical Oral Implants Research 7: 329 – 336.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindquist, L. W., Carlsson, G. E. & Jemt, T. ( 1997 ) Association between marginal bone loss around osseointegrated mandibular implants and smoking habit: a 10-year follow-up study. Journal of Dental Research 76: 1667 – 1674.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindquist, L. W., Rockler, B. & Carlsson, G. E. ( 1988 ) Bone resorption around fixtures in edentulous patients treated with mandibular fixed tissue-integrated prostheses. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 59: 59 – 63.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLundgren, D., Falk, H. & Laurell, L. ( 1989 ) Influence of number and distribution of occlusal cantilever contacts on closing and chewing forces indentitions with implant-supported fixed prosthesesoccluding with complete dentures. InternationalJournal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 4: 277 – 283.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLundgren, D. & Laurell, L. ( 1994 ) Biomechanical aspects of fixed bridgework supported by natural teeth and endosseous implants. Periodontology 2000 4: 23 – 40.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMericske-Stern, R., Assal, P., Mericske, E. & Burgin, W. ( 1995 ) Occlusal force and oral tactile sensibility measured in partially edentulous patients with ITI implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 10: 345 – 353.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMericske-Stern, R. D., Taylor, T. D. & Belser, U. ( 2000 ) Management of the edentulous patient. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11 ( Suppl. 1 ): 108 – 125.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. ( 1990a ) Density of bone: effect on treatment plans, surgical approach, healing, and progressive loading. International Journal of Oral Implantology 6: 22 – 31.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. ( 1990b ) Progressive bone loading. Practical Periodontics & Aesthetic Dentistry 7: 25 – 29.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. ( 1993 ) Occlusal considerations for implantsupported prostheses. In: Misch, C. E., eds. Contemporary implant dentistry. 1st edition, 705 – 733. St. Louis: Mosby.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. ( 1999a ) Occlusal considerations for implant supported prostheses. In: Misch, C. E., eds. Contemporary implant dentistry. 2nd edition, 609 – 628. St. Louis: Mosby.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. ( 1999b ) Endosteal implants for posterior single tooth replacement: alternatives, indications, contraindications, and limitations. Journal of Oral Implantology 25: 80 – 94.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMisch, C. E. & Bidez, M. W. ( 1994 ) Implant-protected occlusion: a biomechanical rationale. Compendium 15: 1330 – 1344.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Araki, H., Motomura, Y. & Shin, K. ( 1998 ) The influence of controlled occlusal overload on peri-implant tissue: a histologic study in monkeys. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 3: 677 – 683.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMiyata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Araki, H., Ohto, T. & Shin, K. ( 2000 ) The influence of controlled occlusal overload on peri-implant tissue. Part 3: ahistologic study in monkeys. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 15: 425 – 431.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMorneburg, T. R. & PrÖschel, P. A. ( 2003 ) In vivo forces on implants influenced by occlusal scheme and food consistency. International Journal of Prosthodontics 16: 481 – 486.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaert, I. E., Duyck, J. A., Hosny, M. M. & Van Steenberghe, D. ( 2001 ) Freestanding and tooth-implant connected prostheses in the treatment of partially edentulous patients. Part I: an up to 15-years clinical evaluation. Clinical Oral Implants Research 12: 237 – 244.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNaert, I. E., Quirynen, M., van Steenberghe, D. & Darius, P. ( 1992 ) A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part II: prosthetic aspects. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 68: 949 – 956.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePameijer, J. H. N. ( 1983 ) Occlusion. In: Periodontal and occlusal factors in crown and bridge procedures. 1st edition, Vol. 85. Amsterdam: Dental Center for Postgraduate Courses.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceParfitt, G. J. ( 1960 ) Measurement of physiological mobility of individual teeth in an axial direction. Journal Dental Research 39: 608 – 618.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePeroz, I., Leuenberg, A., Haustein, I. & Lange, K-P. ( 2003 ) Comparison between balanced occlusion and canine guidance in complete denture wearers – a clinical, randomized trial. Quintessence International 34: 607 – 612.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceQuirynen, M., Naert, I. & van Steenberghe, D. ( 1992 ) Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the BrÅnemark system. Clinical Oral Implants Research 3: 104 – 111.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRaghoebar, G. M., Timmenga, N. M., Reintsema, H., Stegenga, B. & Vissink, A. ( 2001 ) Maxillary bone grafting for insertion of endosseous implants: results after 12–124 months. Clinical Oral Implants Research 12: 279 – 286.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRangert, B., Gunne, J. & Sullivan, D. Y. ( 1991 ) Mechanical aspects of a Branemark implant connected to a natural tooth: an in vitro study. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 6: 177 – 186.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRangert, B., Jemt, T. & Jorneus, L. ( 1989 ) Forces and moments on Branemark implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 4: 241 – 247.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRangert, B., Krogh, P. H., Langer, B. & Van Roekel, N. ( 1995 ) Bending overload and implant fracture: a retrospective clinical analysis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 10: 326 – 334.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRangert, B. R., Sullivan, R. M. & Jemt, T. M. ( 1997 ) Load factor control for implants in the posterior partially edentulous segment. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 12: 360 – 370.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReilly, D. T. & Burstein, A. H. ( 1975 ) The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. Journal of Biomechanics 8: 393 – 405.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRichter, E. J. ( 1998 ) In vivo horizontal bending moments on implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 13: 232 – 244.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodriguez, A. M., Aquilino, S. A. & Lund, P. S. ( 1994 ) Cantilever and implant biomechanics: a review of the literature, Part 2. Journal of Prosthodontics 3: 114 – 118.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosenberg, E. S., Torosian, J. P. & Slots, J. ( 1991 ) Microbial differences in 2 clinically distinct types of failures of osseointegrated implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2: 135 – 144.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSantos, J. Jr ( 1985 ) Concepts of occlusion. In: Occlusion: principles and concepts, 179 – 190. St. Louis, Tokyo: Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchroeder, A., Polher, O. & Sutter, F. ( 1976 ) Gewebs-reaktion auf ein Titan-Hohlzylinderimplantat mit Titan-SpritzschichtoberflÄche (in German). Schweizerische Monatsschrift fÜur Zahnheilkunde 86: 713 – 727.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchulte, W. ( 1995 ) Implants and the periodontium. International Dental Journal 45: 16 – 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchuyler, C. H. ( 1959 ) Considerations of occlusion in fixed partial dentures. Dental Clinics of North America 37: 175 – 185.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwarz, M. S. ( 2000 ) Mechanical complications of dental implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11 ( Suppl. ): 156 – 158.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSekine, H., Komiyama, Y., Hotta, H. & Yoshida, K. ( 1986 ) Mobility characteristics and tactile sensitivity of ossointegrated fixture-supporting systems. In: van Steenberghe, D., eds. Tissue integration in oral maxillofacial reconstruction, 326 – 332. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceShackleton, J. L., Carr, L., Slabbert, J. C. & Becker, P. J. ( 1994 ) Survival of fixed implant-supported prostheses related to cantilever lengths. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 71: 23 – 26.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStuart, C. E. ( 1955 ) Articulation of human teeth. In: Collum, B. B. & Stuart, C. E., eds. A research report, 91 – 123. South Pasadana, CA: Scietific press.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaylor, T. D. ( 1991 ) Fixed implant rehabilitation for edentulous maxilla. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 13: 539 – 545.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaylor, T. D., Belser, U. & Mericske-Stern, R. ( 2000 ) Prosthodontic considerations. Clinical Oral Implants Research 11 ( Suppl. ): 101 – 107.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTonetti, M. & Schmid, J. ( 1994 ) Pathogenesis ofimplant failures. Periodontology 2000 4: 127 – 138.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWeinberg, L. A. ( 1998 ) Reduction of implant loading with therapeutic biomechanics. Implant Dentistry 7: 277 – 285.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWennerberg, A., Carlsson, G. E. & Jemt, T. ( 2001 ) Influence of occlusal factors on treatment outcome: a study of 109 consecutive patients with mandibular implant-supported fixed prostheses opposing maxillary complete dentures. International Journal of Prosthodontics 14: 550 – 555.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWennerberg, A. & Jemt, T. ( 1999 ) Complications in partially edentulous implant patients: a 5-year retrospective follow-up study of 133 patients supplied with unilateral maxillary prostheses. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research 1: 49 – 56.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWie, H. ( 1995 ) Registration of localization, occlusion and occluding materials for failing screw joints in the Branemark implant system. Clinical Oral Implants Research 6: 47 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWismeijer, D., van Waas, M. A. & Kalk, W. ( 1995 ) Factors to consider in selecting an occlusal concept for patients with implants in the edentulous mandible. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 74: 380 – 384.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZarb, G. A. & Schmitt, A. ( 1990 ) The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part III: problems and complications encountered. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 64: 185 – 194.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Name:
j.1600-0501.2004.01067.x.pdf
Size:
217.5KB
Format:
PDF
View/Open

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe its collections in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in them. We encourage you to Contact Us anonymously if you encounter harmful or problematic language in catalog records or finding aids. More information about our policies and practices is available at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.