Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses
dc.contributor.author | Rajaniemi, Tara K. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2010-06-01T22:43:34Z | |
dc.date.available | 2010-06-01T22:43:34Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2002-04 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Rajaniemi, Tara K . (2002). "Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses." Journal of Ecology 90(2): 316-324. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75695> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-0477 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1365-2745 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/75695 | |
dc.description.abstract | 1 Plant species diversity drops when fertilizer is added or productivity increases. To explain this, the total competition hypothesis predicts that competition above ground and below ground both become more important, leading to more competitive exclusion, whereas the light competition hypothesis predicts that a shift from below-ground to above-ground competition has a similar effect. The density hypothesis predicts that more above-ground competition leads to mortality of small individuals of all species, and thus a random loss of species from plots. 2 Fertilizer was added to old field plots to manipulate both below-ground and above-ground resources, while shadecloth was used to manipulate above-ground resources alone in tests of these hypotheses. 3 Fertilizer decreased both ramet density and species diversity, and the effect remained significant when density was added as a covariate. Density effects explained only a small part of the drop in diversity with fertilizer. 4 Shadecloth and fertilizer reduced light by the same amount, but only fertilizer reduced diversity. Light alone did not control diversity, as the light competition hypothesis would have predicted, but the combination of above-ground and below-ground competition caused competitive exclusion, consistent with the total competition hypothesis. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 336262 bytes | |
dc.format.extent | 3109 bytes | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.format.mimetype | text/plain | |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Science Ltd | en_US |
dc.rights | 2002 British Ecological Society | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Density Diversity Curves | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Productivity Diversity Relationships | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Root and Shoot Competition Intensity | en_US |
dc.title | Why does fertilization reduce plant species diversity? Testing three competition-based hypotheses | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Science | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75695/1/j.1365-2745.2001.00662.x.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00662.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Journal of Ecology | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Abrams, P.A. ( 1995 ) Monotonic or unimodal diversity-productivity gradients: what does competition theory predict? Ecology, 90, 2019 2027. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Bergamini, A., Pauli, D., Peintinger, M. & Schmid, B. ( 2001 ) Relationships between productivity, number of shoots and number of species in bryophytes and vascular plants. Journal of Ecology, 89, 920 929. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cahill, J.F. ( 1999 ) Fertilization effects on interactions between above- and below-ground competition in an old field. Ecology, 80, 466 480. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carson, W.P. & Peterson, C.J. ( 1990 ) The role of litter in an oldfield community: impact of litter quantity in different seasons on plant species richness and abundance. Oecologia, 85, 8 13. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Carson, W.P. & Pickett, S.T.A. ( 1990 ) Role of resources and disturbance in the organization of an old-field plant community. Ecology, 71, 226 238. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | DiTommaso, A. & Aarssen, L.W. ( 1989 ) Resource manipulations in natural vegetation: a review. Vegetatio, 84, 9 29. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Facelli, J.M. & Facelli, E. ( 1993 ) Interactions after death: plant litter controls priority effects in a successional plant community. Oecologia, 95, 277 282. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Foster, B.L. & Gross, K.L. ( 1998 ) Species richness in a successional grassland: effects of nitrogen enrichment and plant litter. Ecology, 71, 2593 2602. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gibson, D.J. ( 1988 ) The maintenance of plant and soil heterogeneity in dune grassland. Journal of Ecology, 76, 497 508. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goldberg, D.E. ( 1994 ) Influence of competition at the community level: an experimental version of the null models approach. Ecology, 75, 1503 1506. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goldberg, D.E. & Estabrook, G. ( 1998 ) A method for comparing diversity and species abundances among samples of different sizes and an experimental example with desert annuals. Journal of Ecology, 86, 983 988. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goldberg, D.E. & Miller, T.E. ( 1990 ) Effects of different resource additions on species diversity in an annual plant community. Ecology, 71, 213 225. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gough, L., Osenberg, C.W., Gross, K.L. & Collins, S.L. ( 2000 ) Fertilization effects on species density and primary productivity in several herbaceous plant communities. Oikos, 89, 428 439. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Grime, J.P. ( 1973 ) Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 242, 344 347. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gross, K.L., Willig, M.R., Gough, L., Inouye, R. & Cox, S.B. ( 2000 ) Patterns of species diversity and productivity at different spatial scales in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos, 89, 417 427. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gurevitch, J. & Unnasch, R.S. ( 1989 ) Experimental removal of a dominant species at two levels of soil fertility. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 3470 3477. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Inouye, R.S. & Tilman, D. ( 1995 ) Convergence and divergence of old-field vegetation after 11 yr of nitrogen addition. Ecology, 76, 1872 1887. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Newman, E.I. ( 1973 ) Competition and diversity in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 244, 310 311. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Oksanen, J. ( 1996 ) Is the humped relationship between species richness and biomass an artefact due to plot size? Journal of Ecology, 84, 293 295. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Peltzer, D.A., Wilson, S.D. & Gerry, A.K. ( 1998 ) Competition intensity along a productivity gradient in a low-diversity grassland. American Naturalist, 151, 465 476. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Putz, F.E. & Canham, C.D. ( 1992 ) Mechanisms of arrested succession in shrublands: root and shoot competition between shrubs and tree seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 49, 267 275. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rajaniemi, T.K. ( 2001 ) Explaining the productivity diversity relationship in plants: changing effects of competition on the community. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rajaniemi, T.K. & Goldberg, D.E. ( 2000 ) Quantifying individual- and community-level consequences of competition using null species pools. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 433 442. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rapson, G.L., Thompson, K. & Hodgson, J.G. ( 1997 ) The humped relationship between species richness and biomass-testing its sensitivity to sample quadrat size. Journal of Ecology, 85, 99 100. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Reynolds, H.L. & D Antonio, C. ( 1996 ) The ecological significance of plasticity in root weight ratio in response to nitrogen: opinion. Plant and Soil, 185, 75 97. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Rosenzweig, M.L. & Abramsky, Z. ( 1993 ) How Are Diversity and Productivity Related? Species Diversity in Ecological Communities: Historical and Geographical Perspectives ( eds R.E. Ricklefs & D. Schluter ), pp. 52 65. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Stevens, M.H.H. & Carson, W.P. ( 1999 ) Plant density determines species richness along an experimental productivity gradient. Ecology, 80, 455 465. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Tilman, D. ( 1988 ) Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Turkington, R., John, E., Watson, S. & Seccombe-Hett, P. ( 2002 ) The effects of fertilization and herbivory on the herbaceous vegetation of the boreal forest in northwestern Canada: a 10-year study. Journal of Ecology, 90, 325 337. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Twolan-Strutt, L. & Keddy, P.A. ( 1996 ) Above- and below-ground competition intensity in two contrasting wetland plant communities. Ecology, 77, 259 270. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voss, E.G. ( 1972 ) Michigan Flora: A Guide to the Identification and Occurrence of the Native and Naturalized Seed-Plants of the State. Part I. Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voss, E.G. ( 1985 ) Michigan Flora: A Guide to the Identification and Occurrence of the Native and Naturalized Seed-Plants of the State. Part II. Dicots (Sauraceae Cornaceae). Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Voss, E.G. ( 1996 ) Michigan Flora: A Guide to the Identification and Occurrence of the Native and Naturalized Seed-Plants of the State. Part III. Dicots (Pyrolaceae Compositae). Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hill, Michigan. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Waide, R.B., Willig, M.R., Steiner, C.F., Mittelbach, G., Gough, L., Dodson, S.I., Juday, G.P. & Parmenter, R. ( 1999 ) The relationship between productivity and species richness. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 30, 257 300. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wilkinson, L. ( 1997 ) SYSTAT: the System for Statistics, Version 7.0. SYSTAT, Evanston, Illinois. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wilson, S.D. & Tilman, D. ( 1991 ) Components of plant competition along an experimental gradient of nitrogen availability. Ecology, 72, 1050 1065. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wilson, S.D. & Tilman, D. ( 1993 ) Plant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilization. Ecology, 74, 599 611. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zamfir, M. & Goldberg, D.E. ( 2000 ) The effect of initial density on interactions between bryophytes at individual and community levels. Journal of Ecology, 88, 243 255. | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.