Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbon Nanotube Composites for Neural Interfacing.

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the utility of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites as a neural interfacing material. The theoretical framework behind this research is based on the unique properties of CNTs and the ability of the LBL technique to impart multifunctionality into nanostructured thin films. The combination of CNTs and LBL assembly provides an opportunity to create materials with precisely controlled mechanical, electrochemical, and biological properties suitable for neural interfacing. In this dissertation, LBL assembled CNT-polyelectrolyte films were demonstrated to be biocompatible with neural cells using high-content screening methods. Moreover, these CNT composite films also supported the differentiation and electrical stimulation of neural stem cells, which hold promising therapeutic potentials. The electrochemical properties of LBL assembled CNT composites were established and found to outperform those of existing and emerging electrode materials. The incorporation of appropriate biological molecules into the CNT LBL films enabled the demonstration of enhanced neural stem cell differentiation and gene delivery that programmed multipotent cells into neurons. Finally, we purposed an in vitro 3D neural tissue model that can be used to facilitate the testing of electrode coatings designed to mitigate electrode-induced gliosis. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of next-generation neural electrode technologies, as well as to the fundamental understanding of both cellular response to nanomaterials and manipulation of cell behavior through nanostructured materials.