Show simple item record

Parenteral Nutrition‐Associated Liver Complications in Children

dc.contributor.authorBtaiche, Imad F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKhalidi, Nabilen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-16T15:53:45Z
dc.date.available2012-03-16T15:53:45Z
dc.date.issued2002-02en_US
dc.identifier.citationBtaiche, Imad F.; Khalidi, Nabil (2002). "Parenteral Nutrition‐Associated Liver Complications in Children." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 22(2). <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/90071>en_US
dc.identifier.issn0277-0008en_US
dc.identifier.issn1875-9114en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/90071
dc.publisherBlackwell Publishing Ltden_US
dc.publisherWiley Periodicals, Inc.en_US
dc.titleParenteral Nutrition‐Associated Liver Complications in Childrenen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.rights.robotsIndexNoFollowen_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelPharmacy and Pharmacologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelHealth Sciencesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer Revieweden_US
dc.contributor.affiliationumDepartment of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michiganen_US
dc.identifier.pmid11837558en_US
dc.description.bitstreamurlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90071/1/phco.22.3.188.33553.pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1592/phco.22.3.188.33553en_US
dc.identifier.sourcePharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapyen_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoukarzel AA, Dahlstrom KA, Buchman AL, Ament ME. Carnitine status of children receiving long‐term total parenteral nutrition: a longitudinal prospective study. J Pediatr 1992; 120: 759 – 62.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBergasa NV, Jones EA. The pruritus of cholestasis. Semin Liver Dis 1993; 13: 319 – 27.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDatta DV, Sherlock S. Cholestyramine for long term relief of the pruritus complicating intrahepatic cholestasis. Gastroenterology 1966; 50: 323 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofmann AF, Poley JR. Cholestyramine treatment of diarrhea associated with ileal resection. N Engl J Med 1969; 281: 397 – 402.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNolan JP, Ali MV. Effect of cholestyramine on endotoxin toxicity and absorption. Dig Dis 1972; 17: 161 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoudijk AP, Boermeester MA, Wesdorp RI, Hack CE, Van Leeuwen PA. Tumor necrosis factor unresponsiveness after surgery in bile duct‐ligated rats. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: G980 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofmann AF, Poley R. Role of bile acid malabsorption in pathogenesis of diarrhea and steatorrhea in patients with ileal resection. Gastroenterology 1972; 62: 918 – 34.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFromm H, Malavolti M. Bile acid‐induced diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 15: 567 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKhandelwal M, Malet PF. Pruritus associated with cholestasis. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 1 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaketomo CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM, eds. Cholestyramine resin. Pediatric dosage handbook, 7th ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi‐Comp Inc., 2000: 219 – 20.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRust C, Sauter GH, Oswald M, et al. Effect of cholestyramine on bile acid pattern and synthesis during administration of ursodeoxycholic acid in man. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30: 135 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceEon Labs Manufacturing. Cholestyramine for oral suspension, USP light package insert. Laurelton, NY; 2000.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGilroy R, Sudan D. Liver and small bowel transplantation: therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of liver disease and intestinal failure. Semin Liver Dis 2000; 20: 437 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrook G. Quality of life issues; parenteral nutrition to small bowel transplantation—a review. Nutrition 1998; 14: 813 – 16.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDiMartini A, Rovera GM, Graham TO, et al. Quality of life after intestinal transplantation and among home parenteral nutrition patients. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1998; 22: 357 – 62.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHoward L, Malone M. Current status of home parenteral nutrition in the United States. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2691 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHorslen SP, Kaufman SS, Sudan DL, Fox IJ, Shaw BW, Langnas AN. Isolated liver transplantation in infants with total parenteral nutrition‐associated end‐stage liver disease. Transplant Proc 2000; 32: 1241.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRodgers BM, Hollenbeck JI, Donnelly WH, Talbert JL. Intrahepatic cholestasis with parenteral alimentation. Am J Surg 1976; 131: 149 – 55.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePostuma R, Trevenen CL. Liver disease in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Pediatrics 1979; 63: 110 – 15.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceQuigley EMM, Marsh MN, Shaffer JL, Markin RS. Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 286 – 301.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKelly DA. Liver complications of pediatric parenteral nutrition—epidemiology. Nutrition 1998; 14: 153 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePayne‐James JJ, Silk DBA. Hepatobiliary dysfunction associated with total parenteral nutrition. Dig Dis 1991; 9: 106 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSandhu IS, Jarvis C, Everson GT. Total parenteral nutrition and cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis 1999; 3: 489 – 508.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuita S, Ikeda K, Nagasaki A, et al. Follow‐up studies of children treated with a long‐term intravenous nutrition (IVN) during the neonatal period. J Pediatr Surg 1982; 17: 37 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSuita S, Masumoto K, Yamanouchi T, Nagano M, Nakamoura M. Complications in neonates with short bowel syndrome and long‐term parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1999; 23: S106 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDrongowski RA, Coran AG. An analysis of factors contributing to the development of total parenteral nutrition‐induced cholestasis. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1989; 13: 586 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTouloukian RJ, Seashore JH. Hepatic secretory obstruction with total parenteral nutrition in the infant. J Pediatr Surg 1975; 10: 353 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeale E, Nelson R, Bucciarelli R, Donnelly WH, Eitzman DV. Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with parenteral nutrition in premature infants. Pediatrics 1979; 64: 342 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNanji AA, Anderson FH. Sensitivity and specificity of liver function tests in the detection of parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1985; 9: 307 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeath SV, Booth IW, Murphy MS, et al. Nutritional care and candidates for small bowel transplantation. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: 348 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHodes JE, Grosfeld JL, Weber TR, Schreiner RL, Fitzgerald JF, Mirkin LD. Hepatic failure in infants on total parenteral nutrition (TPN): clinical and histopathologic observations. J Pediatr Surg 1982; 17: 463 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChan S, McCowen KC, Bistrian BR, et al. Incidence, prognosis, and etiology of end‐stage liver disease in patients receiving home total parenteral nutrition. Surgery 1999; 126: 28 – 34.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGinn‐Pease ME, Pantalos D, King DR. TPN‐associated hyperbilirubinemia: a common problem in newborn surgical patients. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20: 436 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeath SV, Needham SJ, Kelly DA, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of children assessed for isolated small bowel or combined small bowel and liver transplantation. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32: 459 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBenjamin DR. Hepatobiliary dysfunction in infants and children associated with long‐term total parenteral nutrition. A clinico‐pathologic study. Am J Clin Pathol 1981; 76: 276 – 83.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreund HR. Abnormalities of liver function and hepatic damage associated with total parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1991; 7: 1 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSheldon GF, Peterson SR, Sanders R. Hepatic dysfunction during hyperalimentation. Arch Surg 1978; 113: 504 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVileisis RA, Inwood RJ, Hunt CE. Laboratory monitoring of parenteral nutrition‐associated hepatic dysfunction in infants. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1981; 5: 67 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDahms BB, Halpin TC. Serial liver biopsies in parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis of early infancy. Gastroenterology 1981; 81: 136 – 44.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceManginello FP, Javitt NB. Parenteral nutrition and neonatal cholestasis. J Pediatr 1979; 94: 296 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFarrell MK, Balistreri WF, Suchy FJ. Serum‐sulfated lithocholate as an indicator of cholestasis during parenteral nutrition in infants and children. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1982; 6: 30 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDemircan M, Ergun O, Avanoglu S, Yilmaz F, Ozok G. Determination of serum bile acids routinely may prevent delay in diagnosis of total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34: 565 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBalistreri WF, Suchy FJ, Farrell MK, Heubi JE. Pathologic versus physiologic cholestasis: elevated serum concentration of a secondary bile acid in the presence of hepatobiliary disease. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 399 – 402.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBlack DD, Whitington PF, Korones SD. The effect of short‐term total parenteral nutrition on hepatic function in the human neonate: a prospective randomized study demonstrating alteration of hepatic canalicular function. J Pediatr 1981; 99: 445 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSondheimer JM, Bryan H, Andrews W, Forstner GG. Cholestatic tendencies in premature infants on and off parenteral nutrition. Pediatrics 1978; 62: 984 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeckett GJ, Glass EJ, Callaghan MO, Elton RA, Hume RA. Measuring bile‐salt concentrations lacks clinical value for detecting hepatic dysfunction in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Clin Chem 1985; 31: 1168 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRosalki SB. Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase. Adv Clin Chem 1975; 17: 53 – 107.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenn R, Worthington DJ. Is serum gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase a misleading test? Br Med J 1983; 286: 531 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoldberg DM, Martin JF. Role of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Digestion 1975; 12: 232 – 46.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNanji AA, Filipenko JD. Unusual alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern associated with parenteral nutrition [letter]. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1984; 8: 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLucas A, Brooke OG, Baker BA, Bishop N, Morley R. High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child 1989; 64: 902 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZarif MA, Pildes RS, Szanto PB, Vidyasagar D. Cholestasis associated with administration of L‐amino acids and dextrose solutions. Biol Neonate 1976; 29: 66 – 76.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBell RL, Ferry GD, Smith EO, et al. Total parenteral nutrition‐related cholestasis in infants. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1986; 10: 356 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceForchielli ML, Gura KM, Sandler R, Lo C. Aminosyn PF or trophamine: which provides more protection from cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995; 21: 374 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeitelbaum DH, Drongowski R, Spivak D. Rapid development of hyperbilirubinemia in infants with the short bowel syndrome as a correlate to mortality: possible indication for early small bowel transplantation. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2699 – 700.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeath S, Davies P, Papadpoulou A, et al. Parenteral nutrition‐related cholestasis in postsurgical neonates: multivariate analysis of risk factors. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31: 604 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePereira GR, Sherman MS, DiGiacomo J, Ziegler M, Roth K, Jacobowski D. Hyperalimentation‐induced cholestasis: increased frequency and severity in premature infants. Am J Dis Child 1981; 135: 842 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceColomb V, Goulet O, Rambaud C, et al. Long‐term parenteral nutrition in children: liver and gallbladder disease. Transplant Proc 1992; 24: 1054 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCavicchi M, Beau P, Crenn P, Degott C, Messing B. Prevalence of liver disease and contributing factors in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition for permanent intestinal failure. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 525 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarbier J, Gineste D, Kraimps JL, et al. Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition. Chirurgie 1992; 118: 47 – 54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIto Y, Shils ME. Liver dysfunction associated with long‐term total parenteral nutrition in patients with massive bowel resection. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1991; 15: 271 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBalistreri WF. Immaturity of hepatic excretory function and the ontogeny of bile acid metabolism. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983; 2 ( suppl 1 ): S207 – 14.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBalistreri WF, Heubi JE, Suchy FJ. Immaturity of the enterohepatic circulation in early life: factors predisposing to “physiologic” maldigestion and cholestasis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983; 2: 346 – 54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRannem T, Ladefoged K, Tvede M, Lorentzen JE, Jarnum S. Catheter‐related septicaemia in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21: 455 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePierro A, Van Saene HKF, Donnell SC, et al. Microbial translocation in neonates and infants receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 176 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePage S, Abel G, Stringer MD, Puntis JWL. Management of septicaemia during long‐term parenteral nutrition. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54: 147 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeau P, Barrioz T, Ingrand P. Total parenteral nutrition‐related cholestatic hepatopathy, is it an infectious disease? Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1994; 18: 63 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFranson TR, Hierholzer WJ, LaBrecque DR. Frequency and characteristics of hyperbilirubinemia associated with bacteremia. Rev Infect Dis 1985; 7: 1 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRooney JC, Hill DJ, Danks DM. Jaundice associated with bacterial infection in the newborn. Am J Dis Child 1971; 122: 39 – 41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSeeler RA, Hahn K. Jaundice in urinary tract infection in infancy. Am J Dis Child 1969; 118: 553 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNg SH, Rawstron JR. Urinary tract infections presenting with jaundice. Arch Dis Child 1971; 46: 173 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHamilton JR, Sass‐Kortsak A. Jaundice associated with severe bacterial infection in young infants. J Pediatr 1963; 63: 121 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuchmiller CE, Kleiman‐Wexler RL, Ephgrave KS, Booth B, Hensley CE. Liver dysfunction and energy source: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1993; 17: 301 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClark PJ, Bail MJ, Kettlewell MG. Liver associated tests in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1991; 15: 54 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBernstein J, Brown AK. Sepsis and jaundice in early infancy. Pediatrics 1962; 29: 873 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGonnella PA, Helton WS, Robinson M, Wilmore DW. O‐side chain of Escherichia coli endotoxin 0111:B4 is transported across the intestinal epithelium in the rat: evidence of increased transport during total parenteral nutrition. Eur J Cell Biol 1992; 59: 224 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNolan JP. The role of endotoxin in liver injury. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 1346 – 56.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUtili R, Abernathy CO, Zimmerman HJ. Cholestatic effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on the isolated perfused rat liver. Gastroenterology 1976; 70: 248 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUtili R, Abernathy CO, Zimmerman HJ. Inhibition of Na +, K + ‐adenosinetriphosphate by endotoxin: a possible mechanism for endotoxin‐induced cholestasis. J Infect Dis 1977; 136: 583 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFouin‐Fortunet H, Le Quernec L, Erlinger S, Lerebours E, Colin R. Hepatic alterations during total parenteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a possible consequence of lithocholate toxicity. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 932 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSakisaka S, Koga H, Sasatomi K, Mimura Y, Kawaguchi T, Tanikawa K. Biliary secretion of endotoxin and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Yale J Biol Med 1997; 70: 403 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePappo I, Becovier H, Berry EM, Freund HR. Polymyxin B reduces cecal flora, TNF production and hepatic steatosis during total parenteral nutrition in the rat. J Surg Res 1991; 51: 106 – 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVromen A, Spira RM, Bercovier H, Berry E, Freund HR. Pentoxifylline and thalidomide fail to reduce hepatic steatosis during total parenteral nutrition and bowel rest in the rat. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1997; 21: 233 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceUtili R, Abernathy CO, Zimmerman HJ. Endotoxin effects on the liver. Life Sci 1977; 20: 553 – 68.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLatham PS, Menkes E, Phillips MJ, Jeejeebhoy KN. Hyperalimentation‐associated jaundice: an example of a serum factor inducing cholestasis in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 61 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCampbell LV, Gilbert EF. Experimental giant‐cell transformation in the liver induced by E‐coli endotoxin. Am J Pathol 1967; 51: 855 – 68.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePappo I, Bercovier H, Berry E, Gallilly R, Feigin E, Freund HR. Antitumor necrosis factor antibodies reduce hepatic steatosis during total parenteral nutrition and bowel rest in the rat. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1995; 19: 80 – 2.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePappo I, Bercovier H, Berry EM, Haviv Y, Gallily R, Freund HR. Polymyxin B reduces total parenteral nutrition‐associated hepatic steatosis by its antibacterial activity and by blocking deleterious effects of lipopolysaccharide. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1992; 16: 529 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFeingold KR, Serio MK, Adi S, Moser AH, Grunfeld C. Tumor necrosis factor stimulates hepatic lipid synthesis and secretion. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 2336 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJones A, Selby PJ, Viner C, Hobbs S, Gore ME, McElwain TJ. Tumor necrosis factor, cholestatic jaundice, and chronic liver disease. Gut 1990; 31: 938 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceO'Dwyer ST, Michie HR, Ziegler TR, Revhaug A, Smith RJ, Wilmore DW. A single dose of endotoxin increases intestinal permeability in healthy humans. Arch Surg 1988; 123: 1459 – 64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDeitch EA, Winterton J, Li M, Berg R. The gut as a portal of entry for bacteremia. Role of protein malnutrition. Ann Surg 1987; 205: 681 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFong Y, Marano MA, Barber A, et al. Total parenteral nutrition and bowel rest modify the metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. Ann Surg 1989; 210: 449 – 57.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGo LL, Healy PJ, Watkins SC, Simmons RL, Rowe MI. The effect of endotoxin on intestinal mucosal permeability to bacteria in vitro. Arch Surg 1995; 130: 53 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi J, Kudsk KA, Gocinski B, Dent D, Glezer J, Langkamp‐Henken B. Effects of parenteral and enteral nutrition on gut‐associated lymphoid tissue. J Trauma 1995; 39: 44 – 51.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlverdy JC, Aoys E, Moss GS. Total parenteral nutrition promotes bacterial translocation from the gut. Surgery 1988; 104: 185 – 90.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBarber AE, Jones WG, Minei JP, Fahey TJ, Lowry SF, Shires T. Bacterial overgrowth and intestinal atrophy in the etiology of gut barrier failure in the rat. Am J Surg 1991; 161: 300 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYeung CY, Lee HC, Huang FY, Wang CS. Sepsis during total parenteral nutrition: exploration of risk factors and determination of the effectiveness of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17: 135 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBos AP, Tibboel D, Hazebroek FW, Bergmeijer JH, Van Kalsbeek EJ, Molenaar JC. Total parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis: a predisposing factor for sepsis in surgical neonates? Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149: 351 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJacquemin E, Maurage C, Borderon JC, Gold F, Laugier R, Rolland JC. Early cholestasis in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: a possible consequence of shock and hypoxia. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1995; 5: 259 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoughneen PT, Gouma DJ, Kulkarni AD, Fanslow WF, Rowlands BJ. Impaired specific cell‐mediated immunity in experimental biliary obstruction and its reversibility by internal biliary drainage. J Surg Res 1986; 41: 113 – 25.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofmann AF. Defective biliary secretion during total parenteral nutrition: probable mechanisms and possible solutions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995; 20: 376 – 90.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRager R, Finegold MJ. Cholestasis in immature newborn infants: is parenteral alimentation responsible? J Pediatr 1975; 86: 264 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper A, Ross AJ, O'Neill JA, Bishop HC, Templeton JM, Ziegler MM. Resolution of intractable cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition following biliary irrigation. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20: 772 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRintala R, Lindahl H, Pohjavuori M, Saxen H, Sariola H. Surgical treatment of intractable cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition in premature infants. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28: 716 – 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHofmann AF. Pharmacology of ursodeoxycholic acid, an enterohepatic drug. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29 ( suppl 204 ): 1 – 15.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePalmer RH, Ruban Z. Production of bile duct hyperplasia and gallstones by lithocholic acid J Clin Invest 1966; 45: 1255 – 67.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Nieuwkerk CMJ, Elferink Oude RPJ, Groen EK, et al. Effects of ursodeoxycholate and cholate feeding on liver disease in FVB mice with a disrupted mdr2 P‐glycoprotein gene. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 165 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLevine A, Maayan A, Shamir R, Dinari G, Sulkes J, Sirotta L. Parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in preterm neonates: evaluation of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999; 12: 549 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpagnuolo MI, Iorio R, Vegnente A, Guarino A. Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of cholestasis in children on long‐term total parenteral nutrition: a pilot study. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 716 – 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNarkewicz MR, Smith D, Gregory C, Lear JL, Osberg I, Sokol RJ. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on hepatic function in children with intrahepatic cholestatic liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 26: 49 – 55.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAynsley‐Green A. Plasma hormone concentrations during enteral and parenteral nutrition in the human newborn. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983; 2 ( suppl 1 ): S108 – 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLiddle RA, Goldfine ID, Rosen MS, Taplitz RA, Williams JA. Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction. J Clin Invest 1985; 75: 1144 – 52.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWang X, Soltesz V, Axelson J, Anderson R. Cholecystokinin increases small intestine motility and reduces enteral bacterial overgrowth and translocation in rats with surgically induced acute liver failure. Digestion 1996; 57: 67 – 72.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLucas A, Bloom R, Aynsley‐Green A. Metabolic and endocrine consequences of depriving preterm infants of enteral nutrition. Acta Pediatr Scand 1983; 72: 245 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJawaheer G, Pierro A, Lloyd DA, Shaw NJ. Gall bladder contractility in neonates: effects of parenteral and enteral feeding. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: F200 – 2.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRintala RJ, Lindahl H, Pohjavuori M. Total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in surgical neonates may be reversed by intravenous cholecystokinin: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30: 827 – 30.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeitelbaum DH, Han‐Markey T, Schumacher RE. Treatment of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis with cholecystokinin‐octapeptide. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30: 1082 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilliamson RCN, Chir M. Intestinal adaptation. Structural, functional and cytokinetic changes. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 1393 – 1402.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDavies GR, Wilkie ME, Rampton DS. Effects of metronidazole and misoprostol on indomethacin‐induced changes in intestinal permeability. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 417 – 25.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlverdy J, Chi HS, Sheldon GF. The effect of parenteral nutrition on gastrointestinal immunity. The importance of enteral stimulation. Ann Surg 1985; 202: 681 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBraxton CC, Coyle SM, Montegut WJ, et al. Parenteral nutrition alters monocyte TNF receptor activity. J Surg Res 1995; 59: 23 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWilmore DW, Smith RJ, O'Dwyer ST, Jacobs DO, Ziegler TR, Wang XD. The gut: a central organ after surgical stress. Surgery 1988; 104: 917 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreund HR. Continuous translocation of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor translocation from the unused gut [letter]. Nutrition 1998; 14: 399.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKaufman SS, Loseke CA, Lupo JV, et al. Influence of bacterial overgrowth and intestinal inflammation on duration of parenteral nutrition in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr 1997; 131: 356 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBooth IW, Lander AD. Short bowel syndrome. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1998; 12: 739 – 73.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper A, Floyd TF, Ross AJ, Bishop HC, Templeton JM, Ziegler MM. Morbidity and mortality of short‐bowel syndrome acquired in infancy: an update. J Pediatr Surg 1984; 19: 711 – 18.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIacono G, Carroccio A, Montalto G, Cavataio MF, Lo Cascio M, Notarbatolo A. Extreme short bowel syndrome: a case for reviewing the guidelines for predicting survival. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 216 – 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKlein S. Influence of nutrition support on clinical outcome in short bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrition 1995; 11 ( 2 suppl ): 233 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceScolapio JS, Nguyen JH, Steers J, Ukleja A. Success with intestinal failure: from adaptation to transplantation. Dig Dis 1999; 17: 107 – 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStanko RT, Nathan G, Mendelow H, Adibi SA. Development of hepatic cholestasis and fibrosis with massive loss of intestine supported by prolonged parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 197 – 202.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSimmons MG, Georgeson KE, Figueroa R, Mock DL. Liver failure in parenteral nutrition‐dependent children with short bowel syndrome. Transplant Proc 1996; 28: 2701.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCaniano DA, Starr J, Ginn‐Pease ME. Extensive short‐bowel syndrome in neonates: outcomes in the 1980s. Surgery 1989; 105: 119 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeehan JJ, Georgeson KE. Prevention of liver failure in parenteral nutrition‐dependent children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32: 473 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVanderhoof JA, Langnas AN, Pinch LW, Thompson JS, Kaufman SS. Short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992; 14: 359 – 70.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrant D. Intestinal transplantation: 1997 report of the international registry. Transplantation 1999; 67: 1061 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGoulet O, Jan D, Lacaille F, et al. Intestinal transplantation in children: preliminary experience in Paris. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1999; 23: S121 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMessing B, Colombel JF, Heresbach D, Chazouilleres O, Galian A. Chronic cholestasis and macronutrient excess in patients treated with prolonged parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1992; 8: 30 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNussbaum MS, Fischer JE. Pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis during total parenteral nutrition. Surg Annu 1991; 23: 1 – 11.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLi S, Nussbaum MS, Teague D, Gapen CL, Dayal R, Fischer JE. Increasing dextrose concentrations in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) causes alterations in hepatic morphology and plasma levels of insulin and glucagon in rats. J Surg Res 1988; 44: 639 – 48.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBresson JL, Narcy P, Putet G, Ricour C, Sachs C, Rey J. Energy substrates utilization in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition with different glucose to fat ratios. Pediatr Res 1989; 25: 645 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChang S, Silvis SE. Fatty liver produced by hyper‐alimentation of rates [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1972; 62: 727.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZagara G, Locati L. Role of total parenteral nutrition in determining liver insufficiency in patients with cranial injuries. Glucose vs glucose + lipids. Minerva Anesthesiol 1989; 55: 509 – 12.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBuzby GP, Mullen JL, Stein TP, Rosato EF. Manipulation of TPN caloric substrate and fatty infiltration of liver. J Surg Res 1981; 31: 46 – 54.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeguid MM, Schimmel E, Johnson WC, et al. Reduced metabolic complications in total parenteral nutrition: pilot study using fat to replace one‐third of glucose calories. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1982; 6: 304 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMeguid MM, Akahoshi MP, Jeffers S, Hayashi RJ, Hammond WG. Amelioration of metabolic complications of conventional total parenteral nutrition. Arch Surg 1984; 119: 1294 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDudrick SJ, Macfadyen BV, Van Buren CT, Ruberg RL, Maynard AT. Parenteral hyperalimentation. Metabolic problems and solutions. Ann Surg 1972; 176: 259 – 64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGhadimi H, Abaci F, Kumar S, Rathi M. Biochemical aspects of intravenous alimentation. Pediatrics 1971; 48: 955 – 65.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDas JB, Filler RM. Amino acid utilization during total parenteral nutrition in the surgical neonate. J Pediatr Surg 1973; 8: 793 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeck R. Use of a pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in a population of extremely low birth weight neonates: frequency and spectrum of direct bilirubinemia. Am J Perinatol 1990; 7: 84 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHeird WC, Hay W, Helms RA, Storm MC, Kashyap S, Dell RB. Pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1988; 81: 41 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCoran AG, Drongowski RA. Studies on the toxicity and efficacy of a new amino acid solution in pediatric parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1987; 11: 368 – 77.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVileisis RA, Inwood RJ, Hunt CE. Prospective controlled study of parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestatic jaundice: effect of protein intake. J Pediatr 1980; 96: 893 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMerritt RJ, Shah PH, Hack SL, et al. Treatment of protracted diarrhea of infancy. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138: 770 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRiely CA, Fine PL, Boyer JL. Progressively rising serum bile acids. A common effect of parenteral nutrition [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1979; 77: A34.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoss RL, Amii LA. New approaches to understanding the etiology and treatment of total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999; 8: 140 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown MR, Putnam TC. Cholestasis associated with central intravenous nutrition in infants. N Y State J Med 1978; 78: 27 – 30.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGrant JP, Cox CE, Kleinman LM, et al. Serum hepatic enzyme and bilirubin elevations during parenteral nutrition. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1977; 145: 573 – 80.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZahavi I, Shaffer EA, Gall DG. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) associated cholestasis in infant and adult rabbits [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 1217.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYousef IM, Tuchweber B, Vonk RJ, Masse D, Audet M, Roy CC. Lithocholate cholestasis: sulfated glycolithocholate‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 233 – 41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBucuvalas JC, Goodrich AL, Blitzer BL, Suchy FJ. Amino acids are potent inhibitors of bile acid uptake by liver plasma membrane vesicles isolated from suckling rats. Pediatr Res 1985; 19: 1298 – 304.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHardwick DF, Applegarth DA, Cockcroft DM, Ross PM, Calder RJ. Pathogenesis of methionine‐induced toxicity. Metabolism 1970; 19: 381 – 91.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePreisig R, Rennert O. Biliary transport and cholestatic effects of amino acids [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 1240.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerea A, Tuchweber B, Roy CC, Yousef IM. Decreased bile acid independent flow as a possible cause of amino acids‐induced cholestasis [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 1258.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePerea A, Tuchweber B, Roy CC, Yousef IM. Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by amino acid solutions for parenteral nutrition in isolated perfused rat liver [abstr]. Hepatology 1981; 1: 535.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoss RL, Das JB, Ansari G, Raffensperger JG. Hepatobiliary dysfunction during total parenteral nutrition is caused by infusate, not the route of administration. J Pediatr Surg 1993; 28: 391 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSankaran K, Berscheid B, Verma V, Zakhary G, Tan L. An evaluation of total parenteral nutrition using Viamin and Aminosyn as protein base in critically ill preterm infants. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1985; 9: 439 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBrown MR, Thunberg BG, Golub L, Maniscalco WM, Cox C, Shapiro DL. Decreased cholestasis with enteral instead of intravenous protein in the very‐low‐birth infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 9: 21 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAnonymous. Safe practices of parenteral nutrition formulations. National Advisory Group and practice guidelines for parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1998; 22: 49 – 66.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThureen PJ, Anderson AH, Baron KA, Melara DL, Hay WW Jr, Fennessey PV. Protein balance in the first week of life in ventilated neonates receiving parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 1128 – 35.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVan Lingen RA, Van Goudoever JB, Luijendijk IH, Wattimena JL, Sauer PJ. Effects of early amino acid administration during total parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism in pre‐term infants. Clin Sci 1992; 82: 199 – 203.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMoss RL, Haynes AL, Pastuszyn A, Glew RH. Methionine infusion reproduces liver injury of parenteral nutrition cholestasis. Pediatr Res 1999; 45: 664 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStipanuk MH. Homocysteine, cysteine, and taurine. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern nutrition in health and disease, 9th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999: 543 – 58.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooper A, Betts JM, Pereira GR, Ziegler MM. Taurine deficiency in the severe hepatic dysfunction complicating total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Surg 1984; 19: 462 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZlotkin SH, Anderson GH. The development of cystathionase activity during the first year of life. Pediatr Res 1982; 16: 65 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChesney RW, Helms RA, Christensen M, Budreau AM, Han X, Sturman JA. The role of taurine in infant nutrition. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 442: 463 – 76.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBelli DC, Fournier LA, Lepage G, Yousef I, Roy CC. S‐Adenosylmethionine prevents total parenteral nutrition‐induced cholestasis in the rat. J Hepatol 1994; 31: 18 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGerard‐Boncompain M, Claudel JP, Gaussorgues P, et al. Hepatic cytolytic and cholestatic changes related to a change of lipid emulsions in four long‐term parenteral nutrition patients with short bowel. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1992; 16: 78 – 83.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWhitfield PD, Clayton PT, Muller DPR. Effect of intravenous lipid emulsions on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000; 30: 538 – 46.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoty JE, Pitt HA, Porter‐Fink V, DenBesten L. The effects of intravenous fat and total parenteral nutrition on biliary physiology. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1984; 8: 263 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLa Scala GC, Le Coultre C, Roche BG, Bugmann P, Belli DC. The addition of lipids increases the total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in the rat. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1993; 3: 224 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZaman N, Tam YK, Jewell LD, Coutts RT. Effects of intravenous lipid as a source of energy in parenteral nutrition associated hepatic dysfunction and lidocaine elimination: a study using isolated rat liver perfusion. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1997; 18: 803 – 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAllardyce DB. Cholestasis caused by lipid emulsions. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982; 154: 641 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceColomb V, Jobert‐Giraud A, Lacaille F, Goulet O, Fournet JC, Ricour C. Role of lipid emulsions in cholestasis associated with long‐term parenteral nutrition in children. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 2000; 24: 345 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRichardson TJ, Sgoutas D. Essential fatty acid deficiency in four adult patients during total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1975; 28: 258 – 63.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReif S, Tano M, Oliverio R, Young C, Rossi T. Total parenteral nutrition‐induced steatosis: reversal by parenteral lipid infusions. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1991; 15: 102 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTulikoura I, Huikuri K. Morphological fatty changes and function of the liver, serum free fatty acids, and triglycerides during parenteral nutrition. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982; 17: 177 – 85.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMessing B, Latrive JP, Bitoun A, Galian A, Bernier JJ. Is fatty liver during total parenteral nutrition due to the amount of fat emulsion energy source? Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1979; 3: 719 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWagner WH, Lowry AC, Silberman H. Similar liver function abnormalities occur in patients receiving glucose‐based and lipid‐based parenteral nutrition. Am J Gastroenterol 1983; 78: 199 – 202.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCraig RM, Coy D, Green R, Meersman R, Rubin H, Janssen I. Hepatotoxicity related to total parenteral nutrition: comparison of low‐lipid and lipid‐supplemented solutions. J Crit Care 1994; 9: 111 – 13.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAmerican Academy of Pediatrics. Use of intravenous fat emulsions in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 738 – 43.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBaldermann H, Wicklmayr M, Rett K, Banholzer P, Dietze G, Mehnert H. Changes in hepatic morphology during parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions containing LCT or MCT/LCT quantified by ultrasound. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1991; 15: 601 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClayton PT, Whitfield P, Iyer K. The role of phytosterols in the pathogenesis of liver complications of pediatric parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 1998; 14: 158 – 64.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoberg KM, Einarsson K, Bjorkhem I. Apparent lack of conversion of sitosterol into C24‐bile acids in humans. J Lipid Res 1990; 31: 1083 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceIyer KR, Spitz L, Clayton P. New insight into mechanisms of parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis: role of plant sterols. J Pediatr Surg 1998; 33: 1 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceClayton PT, Bowron A, Mills KA, Massoud A, Casteels M, Milla PJ. Phytosterolemia in children with parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestatic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1806 – 13.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHambidge KM, Sokol RJ, Fidanza SJ, Goodall MA. Plasma manganese concentrations in infants and children receiving parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1989; 13: 168 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKafrista Y, Fell J, Long S, Bynevelt M, Wendy T, Milla P. Long term outcome of brain manganese deposition in patients on home parenteral nutrition. Arch Dis Child 1998; 79: 263 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNagatomo S, Umehara F, Hanada K. Manganese intoxication during total parenteral nutrition: report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 1999; 162: 102 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFitzgerald K, Mikalunas V, Rubin H, McCarthy R, Vanagunas A, Craig RM. Hypermanganesemia in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1999; 23: 333 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceReynolds P, Kiely E, Meadows N. Manganese in long term paediatric parenteral nutrition. Arch Dis Child 1994; 71: 527 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaylor S, Manara AR. Manganese toxicity in a patient with cholestasis receiving total parenteral nutrition [letter]. Anaesthesia 1994; 49: 1013.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFell JM, Reynolds AP, Meadows N, et al. Manganese toxicity in children receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition. Lancet 1996; 347: 1218 – 21.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeath SV, Gopalan S, Booth IW. Manganese toxicity and parenteral nutrition. Lancet 1996; 347: 1773 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePlaa GL, De Lamirande E, Lewittes M, Yousef IM. Liver cell plasma membrane lipids in manganese‐bilirubin‐induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31: 3698 – 701.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAyotte P, Plaa GL. Hepatic subcellular distribution of manganese in manganese and manganese‐bilirubin induced cholestasis. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34: 3857 – 65.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAlastair F, Jawhari I. Manganese toxicity and parenteral nutrition [letter]. Lancet 1996; 347: 1774.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceJawhari A, Ong C, Wood S, Forbes A. Hypermanganesemia and TPN: a cause for cholestasis? [abstr]. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A732.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuertin F, Roy CC, Lepage G, et al. Effect of taurine on total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1991; 15: 247 – 51.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDorvil NP, Yousef IM, Tuchweber B, Roy CC. Taurine prevents cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid sulfate in guinea pigs. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 221 – 32.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGuertin F, Roy CC, Lepage G, Yousef I, Tuchweber B. Liver membrane composition after short‐term parenteral nutrition with and without taurine in guinea pigs: the effect to taurine. Exp Biol Med 1993; 203: 418 – 23.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChipponi JX, Bleier JC, Santi MT, Rudman D. Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 1112 – 16.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceZelikovic I, Chesney RW, Friedman AL, Ahlfors CE. Taurine depletion in very low birth weight infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: role of renal immaturity. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 301 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGeggel HS, Ament ME, Heckenlively JR, Martin DA, Kopple JD. Nutritional requirement for taurine in patients receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 142 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVinton NE, Laidlaw SA, Ament ME, Kopple JD. Taurine concentrations in plasma, blood cells, and urine of children undergoing long‐term total parenteral nutrition. Pediatr Res 1987; 21: 399 – 403.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVinton NE, Geggel HS, Amant JR, Heckenlively JR, Martin DA, Kopple JD. Taurine deficiency in a child on total parenteral nutrition. Nutr Rev 1985; 43: 81 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCooke RJ, Whitington PF, Kelts D. Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic function during short‐term parenteral nutrition in the preterm infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1984; 3: 234 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRicour C, Gorski AM, Goulet O, et al. Home parenteral nutrition in children: 8 years of experience with 112 patients. Clin Nutr 1990; 9: 65 – 71.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceOkamoto E, Rassin DK, Zucker CL, Salen GS, Heird WC. Role of taurine in feeding the low‐birth‐weight infant. J Pediatr 1984; 104: 936 – 40.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceThornton L, Griffin E. Evaluation of a taurine containing amino acid solution in parenteral nutrition. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66: 21 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAdamkin DD, Radmacher P, Rosen P. Comparison of a neonatal versus general‐purpose amino acid formulation in preterm neonates. J Perinatol 1995; 15: 108 – 13.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBoehm KA, Helms RA, Christensen ML, Storm MC. Carnitine: a review for the pharmacy clinician. Hosp Pharm 1993; 28: 843 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorum PR, Bennett SG. Carnitine as an essential nutrient. J Am Coll Nutr 1986; 5: 177 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmidt‐Sommerfeld E, Penn D. Carnitine and parenteral nutrition of the neonate. Biol Neonate 1990; 58 ( suppl 1 ): 81 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePalombo JD, Schnure F, Bistrian BR, Buchanan LM, Blackburn GL. Improvement of liver function tests by administration of l‐carnitine to a carnitine‐deficient patient receiving home parenteral nutrition: a case report. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1987; 11: 88 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceWorthley LI, Fishlock RC, Snoswell AM. Carnitine deficiency with hyperbilirubinemia, generalized skeletal muscle weakness and reactive hypoglycemia in a patient on long‐term total parenteral nutrition: treatment with intravenous l‐carnitine. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1983; 7: 176 – 80.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKarpati G, Carpenter S, Engel AG, et al. The syndrome of systemic carnitine deficiency. Clinical, morphologic, biochemical, and pathophysiologic features. Neurology 1975; 25: 16 – 24.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTao RC, Peck GK, Yoshimura NN. Effect of carnitine on liver fat and nitrogen balance in intravenously fed growing rats. J Nutr 1981; 111: 171 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSachan DS, Rhew TH, Ruark RA. Ameliorating effects of carnitine and its precursors on alcohol‐induced fatty liver. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 738 – 44.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDahlstrom KA, Ament ME, Moukarzel AA, Vinton NE, Cederblad G. Low blood and plasma carnitine levels in children receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990; 11: 375 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchiff D, Chan G, Secombe D, Hohn P. Plasma carnitine levels during intravenous feeding of the neonate. J Pediatr 1979; 95: 1043 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenn D, Schmidt‐Sommerfeld E, Wolf H. Carnitine deficiency in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Early Hum Dev 1980; 4: 23 – 34.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePenn D, Schmidt‐Sommerfeld E, Pascu F. Decreased tissue carnitine concentrations in newborn infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 976 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHelms RA, Mauer EC, Hay WW, Christensen ML, Storm MC. Effect of intravenous l‐carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1990; 14: 448 – 53.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBonner CM, DeBrie KL, Hug G, Landrigan E, Taylor BJ. Effects of l‐carnitine supplementation on fat metabolism and nutrition in premature infants. J Pediatr 1995; 126: 287 – 92.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchmidt‐Sommerfeld E, Penn D, Wolf H. Carnitine deficiency in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition: effect of l‐carnitine supplementation. J Pediatr 1983; 102: 931 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBowyer BA, Miles JM, Haymond MW, Fleming CR. l‐Carnitine therapy in home parenteral nutrition patients with abnormal liver tests and low plasma carnitine concentrations. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 434 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBorum PR. Is l‐carnitine stable in parenteral nutrition solutions prepared for preterm neonates? Neonatal Intensive Care 1993; 6: 30 – 2.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBullock L, Fitzgerald JF, Walter WV. Emulsion stability in total nutrient admixtures containing a pediatric amino acid formulation. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1992; 16: 64 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTibboel D, Delemarre FMCH, Przyrembel H, Bos AP, Affourtit MJ, Molenaar JC. Carnitine deficiency in surgical neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25: 418 – 21.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHaskel Y, Udassin R, Freund HR, Zhang JM, Hanani M. Liquid enteral diets induce bacterial translocation by increasing cecal flora without changing intestinal motility. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 2001; 25: 60 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTakagi K, Yamamori H, Toyoda Y, Nakajima N, Tashiro T. Modulating effects of the feeding route on stress response and endotoxin translocation in severely stressed patients receiving thoracic esophagectomy. Nutrition 2000; 16: 355 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceAarsland A, Chinkes D, Wolfe RR. Hepatic and whole‐body fat synthesis in humans during carbohydrate overfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1774 – 82.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceChascione C, Elwyn DH, Davila M, Gil KM, Askanazi J, Kinney JM. Effect of carbohydrate on de novo lipogenesis in human adipose tissue. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: E664 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCollier S, Crough J, Hendricks K, Caballero B. Use of parenteral nutrition in infants less than 6 months of age. Nutr Clin Pract 1994; 9: 65 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceMaini B, Blackburn GL, Bistrian BR, et al. Cyclic hyperalimentation: an optimal technique for preservation of visceral proteins. J Surg Res 1976; 20: 515 – 25.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTakehara H, Hino M, Kameoka K, Komi N. A new method of total parenteral nutrition for surgical neonates: is it possible that cyclic TPN prevents intrahepatic cholestasis? Tokushima J Exp Med 1990; 37: 97 – 102.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTernullo SR, Burckart GJ. Experience with cyclic hyperalimentation in infants [abstr]. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1979; 3: 516.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePollak A, Cowett RM, Schwartz R, et al. Glucose disposal in low‐birth‐weight infants during steady‐state hyperglycemia: effects of exogenous insulin administration. Pediatrics 1978; 61: 546 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCornblath M, Hawdon JM, Williams AF, et al. Controversies regarding the definition of neonatal hypoglycemia: suggested operational thresholds. Pediatrics 2000; 105: 1141 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFrenkiel PG, Lee DWT, Cohen H, et al. The effect of diet on bile kinetics and biliary lipid secretion in gallstone patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 43: 239 – 50.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachrach WH, Hofmann AF. Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholesterol cholelithiasis (part I). Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27: 737 – 61.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKowdley KV. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary disease. Am J Med 2000; 108: 481 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSchwarzenberg SJ, Bundy M. Ursodeoxycholic acid modifies gut‐derived endotoxemia in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 1994; 35: 214 – 17.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceHori Y, Ohyanagi H. Protective effect of the intravenous administration of ursodeoxycholic acid against endotoxemia in rats with obstructive jaundice. Surg Today 1997; 27: 140 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceStiehl A, Czygan P, Kommerell B, Weis HJ, Holtermuller KH. Ursodeoxycholic acid versus chenodeoxycholic acid. Comparison of their effects on bile acid and bile lipid composition in patients with cholesterol gallstones. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 1016 – 20.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBeau P, Labat‐Labourdette J, Ingrand P, Beauchant M. Is ursodeoxycholic acid an effective therapy for total parenteral nutrition‐related liver disease? J Hepatol 1994; 20: 240 – 4.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLindor KD, Burnes J. Ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of home parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. A case report. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 250 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBateson MC, Ross PE, Diffey BL. Ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; 1: 898 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFein BI, Holt PR. Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 18: 62 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceRoda A, Roda E, Marchi E, et al. Improved intestinal absorption of an enteric‐coated sodium ursodeoxycholate formulation. Pharm Res 1994; 11: 642 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNovartis. Actigall (ursodiol) package insert. East Hanover, NJ; 1997.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGalabert C, Montet JC, Lengrand D, et al. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver function in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic cholestasis. J Pediatr 1992; 121: 138 – 41.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTaketomo CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM, eds. Ursodiol. Pediatric dosage handbook, 7th ed. Hudson, OH: Lexi‐Comp Inc., 2000: 965 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSitzmann JV, Pitt HA, Steinborn PA, Pasha ZR, Sanders RC. Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 25 – 31.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceTeitelbaum DH, Han‐Markey T, Drongowski R, Coran AG, Bayar B, Geiger JD. Use of cholecystokinin to prevent the development of parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1997; 20: 100 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceInnis SM. Effect of cholecystokinin‐octapeptide on total parenteral nutrition‐induced changes in hepatic bile secretion and composition in the rat. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986; 5: 793 – 8.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDoty JE, Pitt HA, Porter‐Fink V, DenBesten L. Cholecystokinin prophylaxis of parenteral nutrition‐induced gallbladder disease. Ann Surg 1985; 201: 76 – 80.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCurran TJ, Uzoaru I, Das JB, Ansari G, Raffensperger JG. The effect of cholecystokinin‐octapeptide on the hepatobiliary dysfunction caused by total parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30: 242 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDawes LG, Muldoon JP, Greiner MA, Bertolotti M. Cholecystokinin increases bile acid synthesis with total parenteral nutrition but does not prevent stone formation. J Surg Res 1997; 67: 84 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceVanderhoof JA, Young RJ, Murray N, Kaufman SS. Treatment strategies for small bowel bacterial overgrowth in short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998; 27: 155 – 60.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCapron JP, Gineston JL, Herve MA, Braillon A. Metronidazole in prevention of cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition. Lancet 1983; 1: 446 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceKubota A, Okada A, Imura K, et al. The effect of metronidazole on TPN‐associated liver dysfunction in neonates. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 6: 618 – 21.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLambert JR, Thomas SM. Metronidazole prevention of serum liver enzyme abnormalities during total parenteral nutrition. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1985; 9: 501 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceFreund HR, Muggia‐Sullam M, LaFrance R, Enbrione EB, Popp MB, Bjornson HS. A possible beneficial effect of metronidazole in reducing TPN‐associated liver function derangements. J Surg Res 1985; 38: 356 – 63.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceLichtman SN, Keku J, Schwab JH, Sartor RB. Hepatic injury associated with small bowel bacterial overgrowth in rats is prevented by metronidazole and tetracycline. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 513 – 19.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSpurr SG, Grylack LJ, Mehta NR. Hyperalimentation‐associated neonatal cholestasis: effect of oral gentamicin. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1989; 13: 633 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceDrenick EJ, Fisler J, Johnson D. Hepatic steatosis after intestinal bypass. Prevention and reversal by metronidazole, irrespective of protein‐calorie malnutrition. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 535 – 48.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferencePowell‐Jackson PR, Maudgal DP, Sharp D, Goldie A, Maxwell JD. Intestinal bacterial metabolism of protein and bile acids: role in pathogenesis of hepatic disease after jejunoileal bypass surgery. Br J Surg 1979; 66: 772 – 5.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceElleby H, Solhaug JH. Metronidazole, cholestasis and total parenteral nutrition [letter]. Lancet 1983; 1: 1161.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBroitman SA, Gottlieb LS, Zamcheck N. Influence of neomycin and ingested endotoxin in the pathogenesis of choline deficiency cirrhosis in the adult rat. J Exp Med 1964; 119: 633 – 42.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSrimal S, Surolia N, Balasubramanian S, Surolia A. Titration calorimetric studies to elucidate the specificity of the interactions of polymyxin B with lipopolysaccharides and lipid A. Biochem J 1996; 315: 679 – 86.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceSouth M, King A. Parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis: recovery following phenobarbitone. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1987; 11: 208 – 9.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGleghorn EE, Merritt RJ, Subramanian N, Ramos A. Phenobarbital does not prevent total parenteral nutrition‐associated cholestasis in noninfected neonates. J Parenteral Enteral Nutr 1986; 10: 282 – 3.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceNemeth A, Wikstrom SA, Strandvik B. Phenobarbital can aggravate a cholestatic bile acid pattern in infants with obstructive cholangiopathy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990; 10: 290 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachs L, Pares A, Elena M, Piera C. Comparison of rifampicin with phenobarbitone for treatment of pruritus in biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; 1: 574 – 6.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceCynamon HA, Andres JM, Iafrate RP. Rifampin relieves pruritus in children with cholestatic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: 1013 – 16.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceYerushalmi B, Sokol RJ, Narkewicz MR, Smith D, Karrer FM. Use of rifampin for severe pruritus in children with chronic cholestasis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 442 – 7.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceBachs L, Pares A, Elena M, Piera C, Rodes J. Effects of long‐term rifampicin administration in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 2077 – 80.en_US
dc.identifier.citedreferenceGaleazzi R, Lorenzini I, Orlandi F. Rifampicin‐induced elevation of serum bile acids in man. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25: 108 – 12.en_US
dc.owningcollnameInterdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed


Files in this item

Show simple item record

Remediation of Harmful Language

The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.

Accessibility

If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.