Helicopter Parents and Landing Pad Kids: Intense Parental Support of Grown Children
dc.contributor.author | Fingerman, Karen L. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng, Yen‐pi | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wesselmann, Eric D. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Zarit, Steven | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Furstenberg, Frank | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Birditt, Kira S. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2012-08-09T14:57:01Z | |
dc.date.available | 2013-10-01T17:06:32Z | en_US |
dc.date.issued | 2012-08 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Fingerman, Karen L.; Cheng, Yen‐pi ; Wesselmann, Eric D.; Zarit, Steven; Furstenberg, Frank; Birditt, Kira S. (2012). "Helicopter Parents and Landing Pad Kids: Intense Parental Support of Grown Children." Journal of Marriage and Family 74(4). <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/92448> | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0022-2445 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1741-3737 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/92448 | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | en_US |
dc.publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Family | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Social Support | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Young Adulthood | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Parent | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Intergenerational Relationships | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Family Relations | en_US |
dc.title | Helicopter Parents and Landing Pad Kids: Intense Parental Support of Grown Children | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Psychiatry | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Family Medicine and Specialties | en_US |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Health Sciences | en_US |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationum | University of Michigan **** | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | University of Pennsylvania *** | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Pennsylvania State University ** | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | Purdue University * | en_US |
dc.contributor.affiliationother | University of Texas at Austin | en_US |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92448/1/j.1741-3737.2012.00987.x.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00987.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.source | Journal of Marriage and Family | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Schoeni, R.F., & Ross, K.E. ( 2005 ). Material assistance from families during the transition to adulthood. In R. A. Settersten, F. F. Furstenberg, & R. G. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 396 – 416 )Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. ( 2001 ). Gender differences in self‐concept and psychological well‐being in old age: A meta‐analysis. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56B, P195 – P213. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/56.4.P195 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pudrovska, T. ( 2009 ). Parenthood, stress, and mental health in late midlife and early old age. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 68, 127 – 147. DOI: 10.2190/AG.68.2.b | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Riley, M. W., & Riley, J. W. ( 1994 ). Structural lag: Past and future. In M. W. Riley, R. L. Kahn, & A. Foner (Eds.), Age and structural lag (pp. 15 – 36 )New York: Wiley. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Robitschek, C. ( 1998 ). Personal growth initiative: The construct and its measure. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30, 183 – 198. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ryff, C. D., Lee, Y. H., Essex, M. J., & Schmutte, P. S. ( 1994 ). My children and me: Midlife evaluations of grown children and of self. Psychology and Aging, 9, 195 – 205. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.9.2.195 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sarkisian, N., & Gerstel, N. ( 2004 ). Kin support among Blacks and Whites: Race and family organization. American Sociological Review, 69, 812 – 837. DOI: 10.1177/000312240406900604 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sarkisian, N., & Gerstel, N. ( 2008 ). Till marriage do us apart: Adult children's relationships with their parents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 360 – 376. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008. 00487.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Riley, M. W., Johnson, M., & Foner, A. ( 1972 ). Aging and society: Vol. 3. A sociology of age stratification. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Silverstein, M., Bengtson, V. L., & Lawton, L. ( 1997 ). Intergenerational solidarity and the structure of adult child–parent relationships in American families. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 429 – 460. DOI: 10.1086/231213 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Silverstein, M., & Conroy, S. ( 2009 ). Intergenerational transmission of moral capital across the family life course. In U. Schoenpflug (Ed.), Cultural transmission (pp. 317 – 337 ). New York: Cambridge University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Silverstein, M., Conroy, S., Wang, H., Gairrusso, R., & Bengtson, V. L. ( 2002 ). Reciprocity in parent–child relations over the adult life course. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, S3 – S13. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/57.1.S3 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Silverstein, M., & Marenco, A. ( 2001 ). How Americans enact the grandparent role across the family lifecourse. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 493 – 522. DOI: 10.1177/019251301022004006 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Silverstein, M., Parrott, T. M., & Bengtson, V. L. ( 1995 ). Factors that predispose middle‐aged sons and daughters to provide social support to older parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 465 – 481. DOI: 10.2307/353699 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Singer, J. D. ( 1998 ). Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 23, 323 – 355. DOI: 10.3102/10769986023004323 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Smith, J., & Goodnow, J. J. ( 1999 ). Unasked‐for support and unsolicited advice: Age and the quality of social experience. Psychology and Aging, 14, 108 – 121. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.14.1.108 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Son, J., Erno, A., Shea, D. G., Femia, E. E., Zarit, S. H., & Stephens, M. A. P. ( 2007 ). The caregiver stress process and health outcomes. Journal of Aging and Health, 19, 871 – 887. DOI: 10.1177/0898264307308568 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Suitor, J. J., & Pillemer, K. ( 2006 ). Choosing daughters: Exploring why mothers favor adult daughters over sons. Sociological Perspectives, 49, 139 – 161. DOI: 10.1525/sop.2006.49.2.139 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Suitor, J. J., Sechrist, J., & Pillemer, K. ( 2007 ). When mothers have favorites: Conditions under which mothers differentiate among their adult children. Canadian Journal on Aging, 26, 85 – 100. DOI: 10.3138/cja.26.2.085 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Swartz, T. T., Kim, M., Uno, M., Mortimer, J., & O’Brien, K. B. ( 2011 ). Safety nets and scaffolds: Parental support in the transition to adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 414 – 429. DOI: 10.1111/j.. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Trivers, R. L. ( 1974 ). Parent–offspring conflict. American Zoologist, 14, 249 – 264. DOI: 10.1093/ icb/14.1.249 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Uchino, B. N. ( 2009 ). Understanding the links between social support and physical health: A lifespan perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 4, 236 – 255. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Umberson, D. ( 1992 ). Relationships between adult children and their parents: Psychological consequences for both generations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 664 – 674. DOI: 10.2307/ 353252.. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Umberson, D., Pudrovska, T., & Reczek, C. ( 2010 ). Parenthood, childlessness, and well‐being: A life course perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 612 – 629. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010. 00721.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | U.S. Census Bureau. ( 2008 ). 2007 American community survey. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Veevers, J. E., & Mitchell, B. A. ( 1998 ). Intergenerational exchanges and perceptions of support within “Boomerang Kid” family environments. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 46, 91 – 108. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ward, R. A. ( 2008 ). Multiple parent–adult child relations and well‐being in middle and later life. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63B, S239 – S247. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. ( 1986 ). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 78 – 89. DOI: 10.2307/2136504 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | White, L. ( 1994 ). Coresidence and leaving home: Young adults and their parents. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 81 – 102. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.so. 20.080194.000501 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach‐Peterson, J. ( 1980 ). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20, 649 – 655. DOI: 10.1093/geront/20.6.649 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A. P., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. ( 1998 ). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of adult day care use. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, S267 – S277. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/53B.5.S267 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Zarit, S. H., Todd, P. A., & Zarit, J. ( 1986 ). Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: A longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 26, 260 – 266. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Aneshensel, C., Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Zarit, S. H., & Whitlatch, C. J. ( 1995 ). Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career. New York: Academic Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Aquilino, W. S. ( 2005 ). Impact of family structure on parental attitudes toward the economic support of adult children over the transition to adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 143 – 167. DOI: 10.1177/0192513X04265950 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Aquilino, W. S. ( 2006 ). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in the America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 193 – 217 ). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Arnett, J. J. ( 2000 ). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469 – 480. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Attias‐Donfut, C., & Wolff, F. C. ( 2000 ). The redistributive effects of generational transfers. In S. Arbur & C. Attias‐Donfut (Eds.), The myth of generational conflict: The family and state in ageing societies (pp. 22 – 46 )New York: Routledge. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Belkin, L. ( 2010, July 7). Unhappy helicopter parents. The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved from http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/unhappy‐helicopter‐parents/ | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. ( 2000 ). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51, 843 – 857. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536 (00)00065‐4 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Birditt, K. S., Fingerman, K. L., & Zarit, S. H. ( 2010 ). Adult children's problems and successes: Implications for intergenerational ambivalence. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 145 – 153. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbp125 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Birnbaum, M. H. ( 2004 ). Human research and data collection via the Internet. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 803 – 832. DOI: 10.1146/annurev. psych.55.090902.141601 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Blumberg, S. J., & Luke, J. V. ( 2007 ). Coverage bias in traditional telephone surveys of low‐income and young adults. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71, 734 – 749. DOI: 0.1093/poq/nfm047 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Briggs, T. W. ( 2008, September 16). Helicopter parents' role up in the air. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2007‐11‐04‐nsse‐helicopter‐parents_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Byers, A. L., Levy, B. R., Allore, H. G., Bruce, M. L., & Kasl, S. V. ( 2008 ). When parents matter to their adult children: Filial reliance associated with parents' depressive symptoms. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63, P33 – P40. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Church, A. H. ( 2001 ). Is there a method to our madness? The impact of data collection methodology on organizational survey results. Personnel Psychology, 54, 937 – 969. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00238.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Cohen, S. ( 2004 ). Social relationships and health. American Psychologist, 59, 676 – 684. DOI: 10. 1126/science.3399889 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Connidis, I. A., & McMullin, J. A. ( 2002 ). Sociological ambivalence and family ties: A critical perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 558 – 567. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002. 00558.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Coser, R. L. ( 1991 ). In defense of modernity: Role complexity and individual autonomy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Diener, E., Gohm, C., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. ( 2000 ). Similarity of relations between marital status and subjective well‐being across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 419 – 436. DOI: 10.1177/0022022100031004001 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Eggebeen, D. J. ( 1992 ). Family structure and intergenerational exchanges. Research on Aging, 14, 427 – 447. DOI: 10.1177/0164027592144001 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Farmer, M. M., & Ferraro, K. ( 2005 ). Are racial disparities in health conditional on socioeconomic status? Social Science & Medicine, 60, 191 – 204. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.026 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Chen, P. C., Hay, E. L., Cichy, K. E., & Lefkowitz, E. S. ( 2006 ). Ambivalent reactions in the parent and grown children relationship. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61B, P152 – P160. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Cheng, Y. P., Birditt, K. S., & Zarit, S. ( 2012 ). Only as happy as the least happy child: Multiple grown children's problems and successes and middle‐aged parents' well‐being. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67, 184 – 193. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Cheng, Y. P., Tighe, L., Birditt, K. S., & Zarit, S. ( 2012 ). Parent—child relationships in young adulthood. In A. Booth, S. L. Brown, N. Landale, W. Manning & S. M. McHale (Eds.), Early adulthood in a family context (pp. 59 – 86 )New York: Springer. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Miller, L. M., Birditt, K. S., & Zarit, S. ( 2009 ). Giving to the good and the needy: Parental support of grown children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 1220 – 1233. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00665.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Pitzer, L. M., Chan, W., Birditt, K. S., Franks, M. M., & Zarit, S. ( 2010 ). Who gets what and why: Help middle‐aged adults provide to parents and grown children. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B, 87 – 98. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq009 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., Pitzer, L., Lefkowitz. E. S., Birditt, K. S., & Mroczek, D. ( 2008 ). Ambivalent relationship qualities between adults and their parents: Implications for both parties' well‐being. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63B, P362 – P371. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fingerman, K. L., VanderDrift, L. E., Dotterer, A. M., Birditt, K. S., & Zarit, S. H. ( 2011 ). Support to aging parents and grown children in Black and White families. The Gerontologist, 51, 441 – 452. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnq114 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Furstenberg, F. F., Jr. ( 2010 ). On a new schedule: Transitions to adulthood and family change. Future of the Child, 20, 67 – 87. DOI: 10.1353/foc.0.0038 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gibbs, N. ( 2009, November 20). The growing backlash against overparenting. Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1940395,00.html | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Goldscheider, F. K., Thornton, A., & Yang, L. S. ( 2001 ). Helping out the kids: Expectations about parental support in young adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 727 – 740. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00727.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. ( 2004 ). Should we trust web‐based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93 – 104. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gottlieb, L. ( 2011, June–July). How to land your kid in therapy: Why the obsession with our kids' happiness may be dooming them to unhappy adulthoods. A therapist and mother reports. Atlantic Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/07/how‐to‐land‐your‐kid‐in‐therapy/8555/ | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Grundy, E., & Henretta, J. C. ( 2006 ). Between elderly parents and adult children: A new look at the “sandwich generation.” Ageing & Society, 26, 707 – 722. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X06004934 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hartnett, C. S., Furstenberg, F. F., Birditt, K. S., & Fingerman, K. L. (in press). Age as an indicator of young adults' support from parents. Journal of Family Issues. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hogan, D. P., Eggebeen, D. J., & Clogg, C. C. ( 1993 ). The structure of intergenerational exchanges in American families. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 1428 – 1458. DOI: 10.1086/230194 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Idler, E. L., & Kasl, S. ( 1991 ). Health perceptions and survival: Do global evaluations of health status really predict mortality? Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 46, S55 – S65. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/46.2.S55 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Knoester, C. ( 2003 ). Transitions in young adulthood and the relationship between parents and offspring well‐being. Social Forces, 81, 1431 – 1458. DOI: 10.1353/sof.2003.0063 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Laditka, J. N., & Laditka, S. B. ( 2001 ). Adult children helping older parents: Variations in likelihood and hours by gender, race, and family role. Research on Aging, 23, 429 – 456. DOI: 10.1177/0164027501234003 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Levitzki, N. ( 2009 ). Parenting of adult children in an Israeli sample: Parents are always parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 226 – 235. DOI: 10.1037/a0015218 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Levy, B. R. ( 2003 ). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self‐stereotypes. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, P203 – P211. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/58.4.P203 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Levy, B. R. ( 2009 ). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 332 – 336. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Littell, R. C., Milliken, G. A., Stroup, W. W., & Wofinger, R. D. ( 1996 ). SAS system for mixed models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lorant, V., Deliege, D., Eaton, W., Robert, A., Philippot, P., & Ansseau, M. ( 2003 ). Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: A meta‐analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157, 98 – 112. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf182 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Lowenstein, A. ( 2007 ). Solidarity–conflict and ambivalence: Testing two conceptual frameworks and their impact on quality of life for older family members. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62B, S100 – S107. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Luescher, K., & Pillemer, K. ( 1998 ). Intergenerational ambivalence: A new framework for the study of parent–child relations in later life. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 413 – 425. DOI: 10.2307/353858 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Merton, R. K. ( 1968 ). Social theory and social structure. New York: Free Press. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pennsylvania State Data Center. ( 2001 ). Research brief: Standards for defining metropolitan statistical areas announced. Harrisburg, PA: Institute of State and Regional Affairs. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. ( 1991 ). “Will I ever escape my child's problems?” Effects of adult children's problems on elderly parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 585 – 594. DOI: 10.2307/352735 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. ( 2006 ). Making choices: A within‐family study of caregiver selection. The Gerontologist, 46, 439 – 448. DOI: 10.1093/geront/46.4.439 | en_US |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe its collections in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in them. We encourage you to Contact Us anonymously if you encounter harmful or problematic language in catalog records or finding aids. More information about our policies and practices is available at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.