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A116: Ören Quarries
dc.contributor.authorAphrodisias Regional Surveyen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-23T15:38:04Z
dc.date.available2012-08-23T15:38:04Z
dc.date.issued2005-06-18en_US
dc.identifier.citationPage reference: Christopher Ratté and Peter D. De Staebler (eds.). Aphrodisias V. The Aphrodisias Regional Survey (Verlag Philipp von Zabern: Darmstadt/Mainz, 2012), 195, 196 - Book catalogue no.: Quarries cat. 2. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/92502>en_US
dc.identifier.otherA116en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/92502
dc.descriptionLocal Name: Gâvurörenien_US
dc.descriptionLocal Information: The hill with the marble quary is called Gâvuröreni / Gâvurevi Mevkii. There were two vaulted chambers which were destroyed by the modern marble quarrying company which left the quarry six months ago.en_US
dc.descriptionLatitude: 37.38.32.58en_US
dc.descriptionLongitude: 28.44.05.46en_US
dc.descriptionElevation: 961men_US
dc.descriptionDimensions: Gâvuröreni Quarries, base of hill: ** Quarry 1: H: 1.5 m, W: 10 m, D: 6.0 m, Vol: 90 m3 ** Quarry 2: H: 1.0 m, W: 8.0 m, D: 3.0 m, Vol: 24 m3 ** Quarry 3: H: 2.3 m, W: 15 m, D: 13 m, Vol: 449 m3 ** Quarry 4: H: 4.0 m, W: 45.3 m, D: 17 m, Vol: 3080 m3 ** Quarry 5: H: 1.4 m, W: 11 m, D: 6.0 m, Vol: 92 m3 ** Quarry 6: H: 2.0 m, W: 15 m, D: 9.0 m, Vol: 270 m3 ** Quarry 7: H: 4.3 m, W: 16 m, D: 13 m, Vol: 894 m3 ** Quarry 8: H: 2.6 m, W: 5.0 m, D: 4.2 m, Vol: 55 m3 ** Quarry 9: H: 1.0 m, W: 3.0 m, D: 9.0 m, Vol: 27 m3 ** Gâvuröreni Quarries, middle of hill: ** Quarry 10: H: 7.9 m, W: 40 m, D: 20 m, Vol: 6,320 m3 ** Gâvuröreni Quarries, top of hill: ** Quarry 11: indeterminate ** Quarry 12: H: 2.9 m, W: 14 m, D: 11 m, Vol: 447 m3 ** Quarry 13: H: 4.3 m, W: 12 m, D: 10 m, Vol: 516 m3 ** Quarry 14: H: 9.9 m, W: 43 m, D: 12 m, Vol: 5,108 m3 ** Quarry 15: H: 3.0 m, W: 4.0 m, D: 9.0 m, Vol: 108 m3 ** Quarry 16: H: 2.0 m, W: 30 m, D: 14 m, Vol: 840 m3 ** Göz Tepe Quarries: ** Quarries 17–20: Indeterminate. ** Capacity: ca. 18,500 m3; second largest quarry complexen_US
dc.descriptionDescription: Location: West of Ören village, scattered on the west slope of Gâvuröreni Tepe (Hill of the Infidel Ruins) and on the southern slope of Göz Tepe, 7.5 km from Aphrodisias. Elevation 960 masl. ** Number and dimensions of quarries: Four main groups of quarries on two hills. Three groups on Gâvuröreni Tepe cover ca. 0.5 km2; single group on Göz Tepe (0.75 km to west) covers 0.25 km2. On Gâvuröreni Tepe, at least 20 small to medium-sized quarries and additional small pits are configured in a straight line below one another, connected by slipway paths. Modern quarrying is confined to the crest of the hill, with limited additional prospection and drilling at the base. Extensive modern quarrying on Göz Tepe. The three medium-sized and 17 small quarries are bowl-shaped quarries with discernible faces and sides or simple pits. ** Geological age, grain size, and color: Mesozoic. Medium to coarse grained. Primarily white marble but with varying intervals of gray, mottling, a translucent bluish white and tan breccia. ** Modern quarrying: Extensive modern intrusion. In June 2008, Bes Mer from Izmir was active on the southeast slope of Gâvuröreni Tepe, and abandoned workers' lodging is on top of the hill. According to local informants from Ören, marble companies had destroyed several ancient structures, including a tower and several vaulted chambers. Modern wastage blocks scar the landscape and are visible from any vantage point in the western Morsynus river valley. ** Joints and quality of marble: Joint spacing is more generous here than in the other Southern Quarries, which explains why this area was worked more heavily. Area between joints varies in height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m and in width from 2.5 m to 4.0 m. Marble quality is high enough to have yielded some of the longest white blocks used in the city. ** Quarry organization and evidence for extraction: Ören Quarries took advantage of natural contours to obtain a greater supply of large blocks and to facilitate their transport out of the quarry. ** Of the five pit quarries at top of Gâvuröreni Tepe (Quarries 11–16), some grew to be quite wide; Quarry 14, the largest, measures 9.9 m high, 43 m wide, and 12 m deep. In Quarry 11, a handful of blocks with ancient pickmarks line the uppermost, lateral, and bottom portions of the perimeter; it is impossible to determine the ancient extent though (modern capacity ca. 300,000 m3) because of extensive intrusion from modern quarrying. ** Quarry 10 lies below and west of the upper quarries and is medium sized. Modern quarrying has destroyed the lower levels, while the ancient quarry face and the original floor are preserved in the upper portion. On the upper face, joints are spaced widely enough for extraction of large blocks; after exposing a joint 4.0 m wide, quarrymen dug down 6.5 m, working in steps as they removed a succession of blocks from the thick marble beds. Quarry floor preserves four excavation trenches with traces of pickmarks and wedge holes. ** A third group of quarries lies 175 m below and west of Quarry 10. This area comprises nine different ancient quarries (Quarries 1–9), all connected by visible slipways. At the end of one slipway, a graffito of a bird was scrawled on a block that was once part of an ancient quarry face but has since been removed from its original location by modern quarriers. ** Quarry 4 is a medium-sized, bowl-shaped quarry. Two separating channels, 2.5 m long and 1.25 m wide, are partially exposed on the floor. ** Quarry 6 preserves a shallow, stepped face and wide working floor, filled with spoil. A series of nine wedge holes, spaced 0.15 m apart, runs along the base of a separating channel, along natural fractures in the marble; the intent was to extract two blocks, each 1.0 m long. ** Quarry 7 is bilevel with numerous worked floors. The scree that typically accumulates over time and obscures the original extent of a quarry has been removed by modern quarriers. Ancient quarry floors, or bottoms of separating trenches, are well preserved. The upper level was exploited first. After a nearly vertical north–south and east–west joint was exposed at floor level, quarriers followed it downward to what became the lower level. The pattern of trenches on the floor shows that quarrymen extracted standardized blocks, in three different widths—0.62 m, 0.90 m, and 1.50 m—and in varying lengths over 1.0 m. Separating trenches were placed in alternating directions, parallel and perpendicular to natural north –south and east–west joints. In one well-preserved section, separating trenches 0.25 m wide are on either side of a block 0.66 m wide and 3.50 m long; a regular line of tool fine-point chisel marks, 1 cm apart, is seen on three sides of the trench, indicating the intended bottom of the block. These marks scored the bottom of a block so that when pressure was applied, the block would break away along an even line. ** A slipway leading out of Quarry 9 ends at a level area surrounded by three low stone walls, which was possibly a staging ground for cutting blocks or area of shelter for workmen. ** Quarries 17–20 are on Göz Tepe, with traces of ancient pickmarks preserved in each. A single slipway, clearly visible in satellite images, connects the Göz Tepe and Gâvuröreni Tepe quarries at the foot of the hills. ** Blocks: Small worked block lies among abandoned modern blocks in Göz Tepe quarryen_US
dc.subjectQuarriesen_US
dc.subject8: Modernen_US
dc.subject4: Romanen_US
dc.titleA116: Ören Quarriesen_US
dc.typeOtheren_US
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevelArchaeologyen_US
dc.subject.hlbtoplevelSocial Sciencesen_US
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dc.owningcollnameAphrodisias Regional Survey


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