Earth’s upper atmosphere above 500 km altitude constantly loses charged particles to outer space in a process called ionospheric outflow. This outflow is important for the dynamics of the near-Earth space environment (“space weather”) yet is poorly understood on a global scale. A mission is needed to observe the global patterns of ionospheric outflow and its relation to space weather driving conditions. The science objectives of such a mission could include not only the reconstruction of global outflow patterns but also the relation of these patterns to geomagnetic activity and the spatial and temporal nature of outflow composition. A study is presented to show that four well-placed spacecraft would be sufficient for reasonable outflow reconstructions.
Liemohn, M. W., Jörg-Micha Jahn, Raluca Ilie, Natalia Y. Ganushkina, Daniel T. Welling, Heather Elliott, Meghan Burleigh, Kaitlin Doublestein, Stephanie Colon-Rodriguez, Pauline Dredger, & Philip Valek (2024). Reconstruction analysis of global ionospheric outflow patterns. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 129, e2023JA032238. https://doi/org/10.1029/2024JA032238
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:85387 (Phloeomys cumingi) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1705 x 1942 x 1 voxel at 0.05012207 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:85387 (Phloeomys cumingi) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 689 TIF images (each 1705 x 1942 x 1 voxel at 0.050122 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:39503 (Malacomys longipes LONGIPES) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 908 x 1930 x 1 voxel at 0.02302037 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:39503 (Malacomys longipes LONGIPES) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 860 TIF images (each 908 x 1930 x 1 voxel at 0.023020 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:160431 (Batomys salomonseni) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1004 x 1879 x 1 voxel at 0.02251549 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:160431 (Batomys salomonseni) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 1112 TIF images (each 1004 x 1879 x 1 voxel at 0.022515 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:125959 (Thaptomys NIGRITA) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1286 x 1334 x 1 voxel at 0.02079286 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:125959 (Thaptomys NIGRITA) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 651 TIF images (each 1286 x 1334 x 1 voxel at 0.020793 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:125187 (Transandinomys BOLIVARIS RIVULARIS) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1657 x 1571 x 1 voxel at 0.02022166 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:125187 (Transandinomys BOLIVARIS RIVULARIS) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 681 TIF images (each 1657 x 1571 x 1 voxel at 0.020222 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:118233 (Rheomys THOMASI CHIAPENSIS) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1679 x 1544 x 1 voxel at 0.02253268 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:118233 (Rheomys THOMASI CHIAPENSIS) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 700 TIF images (each 1679 x 1544 x 1 voxel at 0.022533 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:113447 (Micaelamys NAMAQUENSIS ARBORARIUS) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 872 x 1576 x 1 voxel at 0.02022166 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:113447 (Micaelamys NAMAQUENSIS ARBORARIUS) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 865 TIF images (each 872 x 1576 x 1 voxel at 0.020222 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:110520 (Megasorex gigas) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1238 x 1258 x 1 voxel at 0.0200159 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:110520 (Megasorex gigas) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 577 TIF images (each 1238 x 1258 x 1 voxel at 0.020016 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:102270 (Lemniscomys striatus) - Skull. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 1439 x 1527 x 1 voxel at 0.02079286 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:102270 (Lemniscomys striatus) - Skull. Reconstructed Dataset includes 752 TIF images (each 1439 x 1527 x 1 voxel at 0.020793 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
