Patients included in this study were all males with no prior HIV diagnosis between 18 and 45 years who had at least one primary care encounter between March 2016 and March 2019. We chose 2016 as the index year because the question of the sexual partners’ gender became coded data elements with the clinic contact. Eligible patients were grouped based on reported sexual partners at the most recent disclosure. Individuals who reported having a male sexual partner or both a male and female partner were included in the MSM group. The non-MSM group included individuals who reported only a female partner or no partner. Patients who did not answer the question were excluded from the study. The study proposal was submitted to the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan Medical School and was exempted from ongoing IRB review (HUM00155091). Individual consent was waived for this study.
