On the Accuracy of Reconstructing Plasma Sheet Electron Fluxes From Temperature and Density Models
dc.contributor.author | Dubyagin, S. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ganushkina, N. | |
dc.contributor.author | Liemohn, M. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-02-05T15:07:31Z | |
dc.date.available | WITHHELD_11_MONTHS | |
dc.date.available | 2020-02-05T15:07:31Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-12 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Dubyagin, S.; Ganushkina, N.; Liemohn, M. (2019). "On the Accuracy of Reconstructing Plasma Sheet Electron Fluxes From Temperature and Density Models." Space Weather 17(12): 1704-1719. | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1542-7390 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1542-7390 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/153699 | |
dc.description.abstract | The particle simulations of the inner magnetosphere require time‐dependent boundary conditions for the particle flux set in the transition region between dipolar and tail‐like configurations. Usually, the flux is reconstructed from particle density and temperature predicted by empirical models or magnetohydrodynamic simulations. However, this method requires assumptions about the energy spectra to be made. This uncertainty adds to the inaccuracy of the empirical models or magnetohydrodynamic predictions. We use electron flux measurements in the nightside at r=6–11RE in the 1–300 keV energy range to estimate the potential accuracy of the electron flux reconstruction from the macroscopic plasma parameter models. We use kappa and Maxwellian distribution functions as well as two population approximations to describe the electron spectra. It is found that this method works reasonably well in the thermal energy range (1–10 keV). However, the average difference between measured and predicted fluxes becomes as large as 1 order of magnitude at energies ≥40 keV. The optimal value of the kappa parameter is found to be between 3 and 4, but it depends strongly on magnetic local time and radial distance. We conclude that the development of the flux‐based models (model of differential flux at several reference energies) instead of density and temperature models can be considered as a promising direction.Key PointsUsage of a standard distribution function, like a single Maxwellian, to reconstruct plasma sheet electron fluxes is only good below 10 keVA kappa, and in some cases two population distributions, gives a better fit, with the kappa parameter strongly depending on locationThe error with observed fluxes can be large, implying that a more advanced model is needed, based on flux instead of distribution moments | |
dc.publisher | Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | |
dc.publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) | |
dc.subject.other | inner magnetosphere | |
dc.subject.other | empirical model | |
dc.subject.other | geomagnetic storm | |
dc.subject.other | electron flux | |
dc.title | On the Accuracy of Reconstructing Plasma Sheet Electron Fluxes From Temperature and Density Models | |
dc.type | Article | |
dc.rights.robots | IndexNoFollow | |
dc.subject.hlbsecondlevel | Electrical Engineering | |
dc.subject.hlbtoplevel | Engineering | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Peer Reviewed | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153699/1/swe20922.pdf | |
dc.description.bitstreamurl | https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153699/2/swe20922_am.pdf | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1029/2019SW002285 | |
dc.identifier.source | Space Weather | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Sillanpää, I., Ganushkina, N. Y., Dubyagin, S., & Rodriguez, J. V. ( 2017 ). Electron fluxes at geostationary orbit from GOES MAGED data. Space Weather, 15, 1602 – 1614. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001698 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jordanova, V. K., Kistler, L. M., Thomsen, M. F., & Mouikis, C. G. ( 2003 ). Effects of plasma sheet variability on the fast initial ring current decay. Geophysical Research Letters, 30 ( 6 ), 1311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016576 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jordanova, V. K., & Miyoshi, Y. ( 2005 ). Relativistic model of ring current and radiation belt ions and electrons: Initial results. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L14104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023020 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jordanova, V. K., Yu, Y., Niehof, J. T., Skoug, R. M., Reeves, G. D., Kletzing, C. A., Fennell, J. F., & Spence, H. E. ( 2014 ). Simulations of inner magnetosphere dynamics with an expanded RAM‐SCB model and comparisons with Van Allen Probes observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 2687 – 2694. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059533 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Korth, H., Thomsen, M. F., Borovsky, J. E., & McComas, D. J. ( 1999 ). Plasma sheet access to geosynchronous orbit. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104 ( A11 ), 25,047 – 25,061. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900292 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Liemohn, M. W., & Welling, D. T. ( 2016 ). Ionospheric and solar wind contributions to magnetospheric ion density and temperature throughout the mag‐ netotail, in Magnetosphereionosphere coupling in the solar system. American Geophysical Union (AGU), 101 – 114 Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119066880.ch8 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Livadiotis, G. ( 2015 ). Introduction to special section on origins and properties of kappa distributions: Statistical background and properties of kappa distributions in space plasmas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120, 1607 – 1619. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020825 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McFadden, J. P., Carlson, C. W., Larson, D., Bonnell, J., Mozer, F., Angelopou‐los, V., et al. ( 2008, Dec 01). THEMIS ESA first science results and performance issues. Space Science Reviews, 141 ( 1 ), 477 – 508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9433-1 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | McFadden, J. P., Carlson, C. W., Larson, D., Ludlam, M., Abiad, R., Elliott, B., & Angelopoulos, V. ( 2008, Dec 01). The THEMIS ESA plasma instrument and in‐flight calibration. Space Science Reviews, 141 ( 1 ), 277 – 302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9440-2 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Nelder, J. A., & Mead, R. ( 1965 ). A simplex method for function minimization. The Computer Journal, 7 ( 4 ), 308 – 313. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Paschmann, G., & Daly, P. ( 1998 ). Analysis methods for multi‐spacecraft data. Bern, Switzerland: International Space Science Institute. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Runov, A., Angelopoulos, V., Gabrielse, C., Liu, J., Turner, D. L., & Zhou, X.‐Z. ( 2015 ). Average thermodynamic and spectral properties of plasma in and around dipolarizing flux bundles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120, 4369 – 4383. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021166 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Thomsen, M. F., Bame, S. J., McComas, D. J., Moldwin, M. B., & Moore, K. R. ( 1994 ). The magnetospheric lobe at geosynchronous orbit. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 ( A9 ), 17,283 – 17,293. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JA00423 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Thomsen, M. F., Henderson, M. G., & Jordanova, V. K. ( 2013 ). Statistical properties of the surface‐charging environment at geosynchronous orbit. Space Weather, 11, 237 ‐ 244. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/swe.20049 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Toffoletto, F., Sazykin, S., Spiro, R., & Wolf, R. ( 2003 ). Inner magnetospheric modeling with the rice convection model. Space Science Reviews, 107 ( 1 ), 175,196 – 175,196. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025532008047 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Toffoletto, F., Sazykin, S., Spiro, R., Wolf, R., & Lyon, J. ( 2004 ). RCM meets LFM: initial results of one‐way coupling. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar ‐ Terrestrial Physics, 66 ( 15 ), 1361 – 1370. https://doi.org/(Towards%20an%20Integrated%20Model%20of%20the%20Space%20Weather%20System)">(Towards an Integrated Model of the Space Weather System), "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2004.03.022 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Vasyliunas, V. M. ( 1968 ). A survey of low‐energy electrons in the evening sector of the magnetosphere with OGO 1 and OGO 3. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73 ( 9 ), 2839 – 2884. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA073i009p02839 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Walsh, A. P., Fazakerley, A. N., Forsyth, C., Owen, C. J., Taylor, M. G. G. T., & Rae, I. J. ( 2013 ). Sources of electron pitch angle anisotropy in the magnetotail plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118, 6042 – 6054. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50553 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wang, C.‐P., Gkioulidou, M., Lyons, L. R., & Angelopoulos, V. ( 2012 ). Spatial distributions of the ion to electron temperature ratio in the magnetosheath and plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A08215. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017658 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wang, C.‐P., Lyons, L. R., Nagai, T., Weygand, J. M., & McEntire, R. W. ( 2007 ). Sources, transport, and distributions of plasma sheet ions and electrons and dependences on interplanetary parameters under northward interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A10224. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012522 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Wing, S., Johnson, J. R., Newell, P. T., & Meng, C.‐I. ( 2005 ). Dawn‐dusk asymmetries, ion spectra, and sources in the northward interplanetary magnetic field plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A08205. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011086 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Xiao, F., Shen, C., Wang, Y., Zheng, H., & Wang, S. ( 2008 ). Energetic electron distributions fitted with a relativistic kappa‐type function at geosynchronous orbit. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A05203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012903 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Yu, Y., Rastätter, L., Jordanova, V. K., Zheng, Y., Engel, M., Fok, M.‐C., & Kuznetsova, M. M. ( 2019 ). Initial results from the GEM challenge on the spacecraft surface charging environment. Space Weather, 17, 299 ‐ 312. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002031 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Angelopoulos, V. ( 2008, Apr 22). The THEMIS mission. Space Science Reviews, 141, 5 – 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Angelopoulos, V., Sibeck, D., Carlson, C. W., McFadden, J. P., Larson, D., Lin, R. P., Bonnell, J. W., Mozer, F. S., Ergun, R., Cully, C., Glassmeier, K. H., Auster, U., Roux, A., LeContel, O., Frey, S., Phan, T., Mende, S., Frey, H., Donovan, E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R., Liu, J., Mann, I., Rae, J., Raeder, J., Li, X., Liu, W., Singer, H. J., Sergeev, V. A., Apatenkov, S., Parks, G., Fillingim, M., & Sigwarth, J. ( 2008, Dec 01). First results from the THEMIS mission. Space Science Reviews, 141 ( 1 ), 453 – 476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9378-4 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Åsnes, A., Friedel, R. W. H., Lavraud, B., Reeves, G. D., Taylor, M. G. G. T., & Daly, P. ( 2008 ). Statistical properties of tail plasma sheet electrons above 40 keV. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A03202. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012502 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Auster, H. U., Glassmeier, K. H., Magnes, W., Aydogar, O., Baumjohann, W., Constantinescu, D., Fischer, D., Fornacon, K. H., Georgescu, E., Harvey, P., Hillenmaier, O., Kroth, R., Ludlam, M., Narita, Y., Nakamura, R., Okrafka, K., Plaschke, F., Richter, I., Schwarzl, H., Stoll, B., Valavanoglou, A., & Wiedemann, M. ( 2008, Dec 01). The THEMIS fluxgate magnetometer. Space Science Reviews, 141 ( 1 ), 235 – 264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9365-9 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Buzulukova, N., Fok, M.‐C., Pulkkinen, A., Kuznetsova, M., Moore, T. E., Glocer, A., & Rastätter, L. ( 2010 ). Dynamics of ring current and electric fields in the inner magnetosphere during disturbed periods: CRCM‐BATS‐R‐US coupled model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A05210. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014621 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Chen, M. W., Liu, S., Schulz, M., Roeder, J. L., & Lyons, L. R. ( 2006 ). Magnetically self‐consistent ring current simulations during the 19 October 1998 storm. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, A11S15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011620 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Christon, S. P., Williams, D. J., Mitchell, D. G., Huang, C. Y., & Frank, L. A. ( 1989 ). Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during undisturbed geomagnetic conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 94 ( A10 ), 13,409 – 13,424. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA10p13409 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Christon, S. P., Williams, D. J., Mitchell, D. G., Huang, C. Y., & Frank, L. A. ( 1991 ). Spectral characteristics of plasma sheet ion and electron populations during disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96 ( A1 ), 1 – 22. https://doi.org/10.1029/90JA01633 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | De Zeeuw, D. L., Sazykin, S., Wolf, R. A., Gombosi, T. I., Ridley, A. J., & Tóth, G. ( 2004 ). Coupling of a global MHD code and an inner magnetospheric model: Initial results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, A12219. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010366 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Matéo‐Vélez, J.‐C., Sicard, A., Payan, D., Ganushkina, N., Meredith, N. P., & Sillanpää, I. ( 2018 ). Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit. Space Weather, 16, 89 ‐ 106. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001689 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Denton, M. H., Henderson, M. G., Jordanova, V. K., Thomsen, M. F., Borovsky, J. E., Woodroffe, J., Hartley D. P. Pitchford, D. ( 2016 ). An improved empirical model of electron and ion fluxes at geosynchronous orbit based on upstream solar wind conditions. Space Weather, 14, 511 ‐ 523. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016SW001409 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Dubyagin, S., Ganushkina, N. Y., Sillanpää, I., & Runov, A. ( 2016 ). Solar wind‐ driven variations of electron plasma sheet densities and temperatures beyond geostationary orbit during storm times. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121, 8343 – 8360. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022947 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Espinoza, C. M., Stepanova, M., Moya, P. S., Antonova, E. E., & Valdivia, J. A. ( 2018 ). Ion and electron к distribution functions along the plasma sheet. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 6362 – 6370. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078631 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ferguson, D., Hilmer, R., & Davis, V. ( 2015, 03). Best Geosynchronous Earth Orbit daytime spacecraft charging index. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 52, 526 – 543 doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A32959. | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fok, M.‐C., Buzulukova, N. Y., Chen, S.‐H., Glocer, A., Nagai, T., Valek, P., & Perez, J. D. ( 2014 ). The comprehensive inner magnetosphere‐ionosphere model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119, 7522 – 7540. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020239 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fok, M.‐C., Moore, T. E., & Spjeldvik, W. N. ( 2001 ). Rapid enhancement of radiation belt electron fluxes due to substorm dipolarization of the geomagnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 3873 – 3881. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000150 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fok, M.‐C., Wolf, R. A., Spiro, R. W., & Moore, T. E. ( 2001 ). Comprehensive computational model of Earth’s ring current. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 106 ( A5 ), 8417 – 8424. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000235 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Fujimoto, M., Terasawa, T., Mukai, T., Saito, Y., Yamamoto, T., & Kokubun, S. ( 1998 ). Plasma entry from the flanks of the near‐Earth magnetotail: Geotail observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103 ( A3 ), 4391 – 4408. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03340 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Gabrielse, C., Angelopoulos, V., Runov, A., & Turner, D. L. ( 2014 ). Statistical characteristics of particle injections throughout the equatorial magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119, 2512 ‐ 2535. Retrieved from, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019638 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ganushkina, N. Y., Amariutei, O. A., Shprits, Y. Y., & Liemohn, M. W. ( 2013 ). Transport of the plasma sheet electrons to the geostationary distances. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118, 82 – 98. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017923 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ganushkina, N. Y., Liemohn, M. W., Amariutei, O. A., & Pitchford, D. ( 2014 ). Low‐energy electrons (5‐50 keV) in the inner magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119, 246 – 259. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019304 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Ganushkina, N. Y., Pulkkinen, T. I., Milillo, A., & Liemohn, M. ( 2006 ). Evolution of the proton ring current energy distribution during 21–25 April 2001 storm. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, A11S08. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011609 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Harel, M., Wolf, R. A., Reiff, P. H., Spiro, R. W., Burke, W. J., Rich, F. J., & Smiddy, M. ( 1981 ). Quantitative simulation of a magnetospheric substorm 1. Model logic and overview. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86 ( A4 ), 2217 – 2241. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA086iA04p02217 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Hasegawa, H., Fujimoto, M., Saito, Y., & Mukai, T. ( 2004 ). Dense and stagnant ions in the low‐latitude boundary region under northward interplanetary magnetic field. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L06802. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019120 | |
dc.identifier.citedreference | Jordanova, V. K., Boonsiriseth, A., Thorne, R. M., & Dotan, Y. ( 2003 ). Ring current asymmetry from global simulations using a high‐resolution electric field model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 ( A12 ), 1443. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA009993 | |
dc.owningcollname | Interdisciplinary and Peer-Reviewed |
Files in this item
Remediation of Harmful Language
The University of Michigan Library aims to describe library materials in a way that respects the people and communities who create, use, and are represented in our collections. Report harmful or offensive language in catalog records, finding aids, or elsewhere in our collections anonymously through our metadata feedback form. More information at Remediation of Harmful Language.
Accessibility
If you are unable to use this file in its current format, please select the Contact Us link and we can modify it to make it more accessible to you.