This is the bacterial DNA data extracted from the gram stain slides. The targeted bacteria genera and species include: Atopobium spp., bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium (BVAB) types 1, 2 and 3 in the order Clostridiales, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Group B Streptococcus, Lactobacillus spp., Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. We also used a primer set for Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) that includes lactic acid producing bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella. We calculated the relative proportion of each bacterial taxon using the bacterial copies measured by each specific bacteria primer divided by the total bacterial copies. The limit of detection was 100 copies and readings lower than the limit were considered negative
Citation to related publication:
Wen A, Srinivasan U, Goldberg D, Owen J, Marrs CF, Misra D, Wing DA, Ponnaluri S, Miles-Jay A, Bucholz B, Abbas K, Foxman B. Selected vaginal bacteria and risk of preterm birth: an ecological perspective. J Infect Dis. 2014 Apr 1;209(7):1087-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit632. Epub 2013 Nov 22. PMID: 24273044; PMCID: PMC3952673. and Foxman B, Wen A, Srinivasan U, Goldberg D, Marrs CF, Owen J, Wing DA, Misra D. Mycoplasma, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria BVAB3, race, and risk of preterm birth in a high-risk cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar;210(3):226.e1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 4. PMID: 24096128; PMCID: PMC3943817.
This random sample of OA articles comes from Deep Blue <deepblue.lib.umich.edu/documents>, the University of Michigan’s institutional repository service. Each OA article has the following characteristics: Prior to a known date (ranging from 2006 to the 2013) these articles—the final published version—were only available by subscription. After that date, they became freely available via Deep Blue. Meanwhile, other articles from the same journal issue as the now-OA article continued to only be available to subscribers. None of the OA articles were self-selected; authors did not choose to deposit the articles in question in Deep Blue, since we made them open via blanket licensing agreements between the publishers and the library.
Ottaviani J (2016) The Post-Embargo Open Access Citation Advantage: It Exists (Probably), It’s Modest (Usually), and the Rich Get Richer (of Course). PLoS ONE 11(8): e0159614. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159614
In a sensitive cochlea, the basilar membrane response to transient excitation of any kind--normal acoustic or artificial intracochlear excitation--consists of not only a primary impulse but also a coda of delayed secondary responses with varying amplitudes but similar spectral content around the characteristic frequency of the measurement location. The coda, sometimes referred to as echoes or ringing, has been described as a form of local, short term memory which may influence the ability of the auditory system to detect gaps in an acoustic stimulus such as speech. Depending on the individual cochlea, the temporal gap between the primary impulse and the following coda ranges from once to thrice the group delay of the primary impulse (the group delay of the primary impulse is on the order of a few hundred microseconds). The coda is physiologically vulnerable, disappearing when the cochlea is compromised even slightly. The multicomponent sensitive response is not yet completely understood. We use a physiologically-based, mathematical model to investigate (i) the generation of the primary impulse response and the dependence of the group delay on the various stimulation methods, (ii) the effect of spatial perturbations in the properties of mechanically sensitive ion channels on the generation and separation of delayed secondary responses. The model suggests that the presence of the secondary responses depends on the wavenumber content of a perturbation and the activity level of the cochlea. In addition, the model shows that the varying temporal gaps between adjacent coda seen in experiments depend on the individual profiles of perturbations. Implications for non-invasive cochlear diagnosis are also discussed.
Many data sets come as point patterns of the form (longitude, latitude, time, magnitude). The examples of data sets in this format includes tornado events, origins/destination of internet flows, earthquakes, terrorist attacks and etc. It is difficult to visualize the data with simple plotting. This research project studies and implements non-parametric kernel smoothing in Python as a way of visualizing the intensity of point patterns in space and time. A two-dimensional grid M with size mx, my is used to store the calculation result for the kernel smoothing of each grid points. The heat-map in Python then uses the grid to plot the resulting images on a map where the resolution is determined by mx and my. The resulting images also depend on a spatial and a temporal smoothing parameters, which control the resolution (smoothness) of the figure. The Python code is applied to visualize over 56,000 tornado landings in the continental U.S. from the period 1950 - 2014. The magnitudes of the tornado are based on Fujita scale.