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- Creator:
- Salaree, Amir, Spica, Zack, and Huang, Yihe
- Description:
- The items in this bundle are supporting videos to a study of subsea seismo-acoustics carried out regarding an earthquake in the Persian Gulf. The main data used in the study is a diver's recording of the acoustic waves from the earthquake. The epicenter and topography data used in this study are publicly available as cited in the README.txt file.
- Keyword:
- Seismo-acoustics, Persian Gulf, Divers’ Microphones, Seismic Hazard, Early Warning
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Umana, Maria
- Description:
- Functional trait data from six species of trees widely distributed across an elevational gradient in El Yunque, Puerto Rico.
- Keyword:
- SLA, LA, leaf thickness, wood specific gravity, crown volume
- Citation to related publication:
- Umaña, M. N. In review. The interplay of drought and hurricanes on tree recovery: insights from dynamic and weak functional responses. Forthcoming
- Discipline:
- Science
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- Creator:
- Limon, Garrett C.
- Description:
- The work guides the processing of CAM6 data for use in machine learning applications. We also provide workflow scripts for training both random forests and neural networks to emulate physic s schemes from the data, as well as analysis scripts written in both Python and NCL in order to process our results.
- Keyword:
- Machine Learning, Climate Modeling, and Physics Emulation
- Citation to related publication:
- Limon, G. C., Jablonowski, C. (2022) Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations [Pre Print]. ESSOAr. https://10.1002/essoar.10512353.1
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
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Resources for Training Machine Learning Algorithms Using CAM6 Simple Physics Packages
User Collection
- Creator:
- Limon, Garrett
- Description:
- The collection contains the code and the data used to train machine learning algorithms to emulate simplified physical parameterizations within the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM6). CAM6 is the atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) framework, developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). GCMs are made up of a dynamical core, responsible for the geophysical fluid flow calculations, and physical parameterization schemes, which estimate various unresolved processes. Simple physics schemes were used to train both random forests and neural networks in the interest of exploring the feasibility of machine learning techniques being used in conjunction with the dynamical core for improved efficiency of future climate and weather models. The results of the research show that various physical forcing tendencies and precipitation rates can be effectively emulated by the machine learning models.
- Keyword:
- Machine Learning, Climate Modeling, and Physics Emulators
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
2Works -
- Creator:
- Limon, Garrett C.
- Description:
- The data represents weekly output from three 60-year CAM6 model runs. The output includes state (.h0. files) and tendency (.h1. files) fields for three difference model configurations of increasing complexity. State fields include temperature, surface pressure, specific humidity, among others; while tendencies include temperature tendencies, specific humidity tendencies, as well as precipitation rates. Using the state variables at a given time step, machine learning techniques can be trained to predict the following tendency field, which can then be applied to the state variables to provide the state at the next physics time step of the model.
- Keyword:
- Machine Learning, Climate Modeling, and Physics Emulation
- Citation to related publication:
- Limon, G. C., Jablonowski, C. (2022) Probing the Skill of Random Forest Emulators for Physical Parameterizations via a Hierarchy of Simple CAM6 Configurations [Preprint]. ESSOAr. https://10.1002/essoar.10512353.1
- Discipline:
- Engineering and Science
-
Realm 3: Tumulus Excavations
User Collection
- Creator:
- Galaty, Michael
- Description:
- The PASH Data Collection is comprised of Five data “realms”: 1) Survey and site data, 2) Settlement excavations, 3) Tumulus (burial mound) survey and excavations, 4) Artifact analysis, and 5) Geological data. All databases, field notebooks, unit and profile drawings, photographs, photo descriptions, radiocarbon dates, and geophysical survey data related to the tumuli excavations have been made available in PASH Deep Blue Data Realm 3., Total size of all files: approximately 2 gigabytes Chapter(s) linked to: Eight Abbreviations: “T” = tumulus, as in T099; “S” = site, as in S006, The excavation methods employed by PASH at tumuli replicate those employed at settlements. Natural stratigraphy was followed where possible, and arbitrary stratigraphic levels were defined when necessary. Arbitrary stratigraphic levels at tumuli often exceeded the 10 cm interval used at settlements, due to the large number of large rocks that needed to be removed. Due to the numerous rocks, not all mound fill was screened; rather, we screened every third bucket through quarter-inch mesh. By contrast, all soil from features was screened. Soil was sampled for flotation and water screening from every level and feature, but unlike samples from settlements, it has not been processed and analyzed. Each tumulus, being roughly circular, was divided into quadrants along the cardinal directions, and 1-m baulks between quadrants were defined. Quadrants were excavated separately by level. Sometimes quadrants were excavated concurrently. Tumulus unit/level/feature designations are therefore preceded by tumulus (T000) and quadrant (Q000) numbers. Artifact provenience was recorded down to levels and features, with important in situ artifacts sometimes being mapped into level/feature drawings along x-y-z axes. Strata and artifacts were measured cm below surface using a dumpy level. All levels and features were drawn and photographed, individually and by quadrant. , In each mound we followed natural stratigraphy whenever and wherever possible. However, given the steep downward curves of many strata, following the slopes of mound surfaces, this was not always possible. Thus, it is likely that some levels combine artifacts from different mound strata. To control partially for this difficulty, quadrant levels were often subdivided into separate units on the interior or the exterior of mounds (designated “collections units” or CUs). Mound and grave architecture, when present, was left in place until fully defined and documented and then removed if necessary. Baulks were drawn in profile and photographed and removed en masse at the end of each excavation., and Prior to excavation, all mounds surveyed in Shtoj and Shkrel were mapped and fully documented. The state of preservation (present day and projected into the future) of each mound was recorded (from poor to excellent, and from fully safe to critically endangered). Given that so many mounds in both regions were already damaged or had been destroyed, or were actively threatened, we decided to excavate mounds that were (1) already completely removed (T-085), (2) damaged by agricultural activities (T-052), (3) going to be removed by a landowner (despite legal prohibitions) (T-088), and (4) previously looted or excavated (T-099). We did not want to excavate seemingly intact, undamaged mounds. Our tumulus excavations can therefore be aptly described as “rescue” excavations.
- Keyword:
- archaeology
- Discipline:
- Science and Humanities
5Works -
Realm 2: Settlement Excavations
User Collection
- Creator:
- Galaty, Michael
- Description:
- The PASH Data Collection is comprised of Five data “realms”: 1) Survey and site data, 2) Settlement excavations, 3) Tumulus (burial mound) survey and excavations, 4) Artifact analysis, and 5) Geological data. All databases, field notebooks, unit and profile drawings, photographs, photo descriptions, radiocarbon dates, and geophysical survey data related to the settlement excavations have been made available in PASH Realm 2. and The excavations we conducted at Kodër Boks, Zagorë, and Gajtan were designed to gather as much data as possible, as quickly as possible. They were composed of test pits (“units,” i.e., sondages), primarily 1x1 m in size, occasionally larger, positioned based on the results of field surveys and systematic surface collections of artifacts, but also with reference to prior excavations (at Zagorë and Gajtan) and geophysical data (collected at Gajtan). Excavations followed natural stratigraphy where possible; when such strata were not present, we excavated in 10-cm arbitrary levels. Artifact provenience was recorded down to levels and features, with important in situ artifacts sometimes being mapped into level/feature drawings along x-y-z axes. When identified, archaeological features (e.g., pits, floors, walls, etc.) were excavated separately from levels. Excavators organized forms and accompanying journal entries by “level” and “feature” for each unit. Each level and feature was drawn and photographed. Artifacts were bagged together by level and type. Radiocarbon samples were wrapped in tin foil and bagged separately. Soil samples were taken from each level using the “pinch” method. Upon completion, a profile wall of each unit was photographed, and, in some cases, drawn. Artifacts (with the exception of metal) were washed in water, dried on racks in the sun, and sorted and labeled in the PASH field laboratory. They were analyzed in preliminary fashion first in the field by PASH staff and later by experts.
- Keyword:
- archaeology
- Discipline:
- Science and Humanities
3Sub-collections0Works -
Realm 4: Artifact Analysis
User Collection
- Creator:
- Galaty, Michael
- Description:
- The PASH Data Collection is comprised of Five data “realms”: 1) Survey and site data, 2) Settlement excavations, 3) Tumulus (burial mound) survey and excavations, 4) Artifact analysis, and 5) Geological data. All databases, drawings, photographs, photo descriptions, radiocarbon dates, and analytical data related to artifacts, ecofacts, and human remains have been made available in PASH Deep Blue Data Realm 4. Each artifact dataset will include all or some of the following: - Database files: CSV, Excel, PDF, Word; - Photos: Jpeg; - Drawings: PDF Total size of all files: approximately 10 gigabytes. See individual records or readme for linked chapters. and All artifacts found in the course of survey and excavation were brought to a museum facility in Shkodër (at the Hotel Meteor, on the Shkodër-Koplik road). They were cleaned, labeled, drawn, photographed, and described. Artifact descriptions were entered into one of three databases: pottery, chipped stone, and small finds. Each artifact was assigned a unique identifying number containing locational information. Pottery numbers typically begin with a tract or other collection unit (e.g., grid square in a site-surface collection) identifier, followed by a sequence number if more than one potsherd or ceramic was located in a tract or unit. Lithics and other small finds were assigned a GT number (GT-001, GT-002, etc.; GT being the Albanian acronym for Small Find). During a study season held in December 2014, artifacts were analyzed in more detail by specialists, each of whom produced a lengthier description of pottery, chipped stone, or small finds. A subset of ceramic and groundstone samples was retained for petrographic and chemical analysis. Finally, all seeds and wood charcoal recovered through flotation and all animal bones were analyzed. Human remains from Tumulus 99 were subjected to Strontium-isotope and aDNA analysis.
- Keyword:
- archaeology
- Discipline:
- Humanities and Science
6Works -
Realm 1: Field Survey and Site Collections
User Collection
- Creator:
- Galaty, Michael
- Description:
- The PASH Data Collection is comprised of Five data “realms”: 1) Survey and site data, 2) Settlement excavations, 3) Tumulus (burial mound) survey and excavations, 4) Artifact analysis, and 5) Geological data. All databases, field notebooks, paper maps, GIS files, photographs, and photo descriptions related to the intensive survey, of tracts and tumuli, and the collection of sites have been made available in PASH Deep Blue Data Realm 1 (this sub-collection)., Over the course of five years, 11 field teams (Teams A–K) surveyed 2530 tracts in Shkrel and Shtoj, covering 16.1 km2. Survey data were eventually collapsed into six geographic zones (1–6). All tracts were surveyed using standard Mediterranean survey methods. For each tract (recorded consecutively by team letter and a number, e.g. A-001, A-002, etc.), surveyors walked at 15-m intervals and counted all tile/brick, ceramic fragments, and small finds. We conducted a full-coverage survey, meaning that all land forms—including fields, hills, and terraces—in each survey zone were surveyed, unless the landowner objected or the vegetation was so dense as to render survey impossible. Each tract was photographed and a GPS point at the center of the tract was obtained. Photos and photo descriptions were maintained in separate databases by each team. Information about tracts was recorded by hand in notebooks by team leaders. This included data about a tract’s soil, geology, ground cover (plants growing in the tract, crops planted in the field), associated structures, associated archaeological features (including tumuli), informant testimony, visibility, and, most critically, artifact counts. , and Realm 1 is divided into two sub-collections: Survey Data and Site Data. Both sub-collections are organized by data type. Survey data includes Tract photos and Photologs, Survey maps, Spatial data files, and a Collection Unit (CU) survey database. Site Data includes the Site database, Site documentation, Site photos and Photologs, and Spatial data files.
- Keyword:
- archaeology
- Discipline:
- Science and Humanities
2Sub-collections0Works -
Realm 5: Geological Data
User Collection
- Creator:
- Galaty, Michael
- Description:
- The PASH Data Collection is comprised of Five data “realms”: 1) Survey and site data, 2) Settlement excavations, 3) Tumulus (burial mound) survey and excavations, 4) Artifact analysis, and 5) Geological data. All of the geological data from cores and auger holes have been made available in PASH Deep Blue Data Realm 5. , Much of the work conducted by PASH took place on a geomorphic feature we call the Shtoj alluvial fan. Geological research was done along the distal margins of the Shtoj alluvial fan in the fringing freshwater wetlands of Shkodër Lake. Field reconnaissance in 2010 consisted of drilling twelve 5-cm diameter auger holes across the fan to a maximum depth of 4.8 m. A composite sediment sample was collected every 0.3 m during drilling. Between 2012 and 2014, sediment cores were taken at four wetland locations on the southeastern shore of Shkodër Lake. North-south trending core locations were selected following results of samples collected during the 2010 reconnaissance and are 1 km east of the Shkodër Lake shoreline. Twenty-two cores, ranging in length from 0.24 m to 0.87 m, were taken from four sites using a 6.3-cm diameter polycarbonate piston corer. , and (See readme in Geological Data record for full documentation; Chapter linked to: Chapter Two).
- Keyword:
- archaeology
- Discipline:
- Science and Humanities
1Works