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  • Investigating gender differences in the Co-occurrence of PTSD and food addiction

    work
    Creator:
    Hoover, Lindzey V
    Description:
    The study investigates co-occurring PTSD and food addiction in a community sample with results stratified by gender. Data for co-occurring problematic substance use and obesity are also included to allow for within-sample comparison. Participants were asked to complete self-report measures on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), food addiction, problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, smoking, and nicotine vaping), and BMI. Participants also completed demographic questions. Pearson zero-order correlation analyses were conducted between primary variables of interest and demographic variables to identify potential sociodemographic covariates. Subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and age were both included as covariates in the current model. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios among food addiction, PTSD, problematic substance use (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, smoking, and nicotine vaping) and obesity using Modified Poisson regression with robust standard error estimations. We ran these analyses for the whole same and stratified by gender identity. Food addiction co-occurred with PTSD at comparable or stronger rates than other types of problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, smoking, nicotine vaping). Results suggested that this risk may be particularly high for men compared to women. It may be important to assess for food addiction in those with PTSD to assist in identifying high-risk groups.
    Keyword:
    food addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use, gender, and obesity
    Citation to related publication:
    Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Duval, E. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (In Press). Investigating gender differences in the Co-occurrence of PTSD and food addiction. Appetite.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.106605.
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences

  • Food Marketing Vulnerability and Increased Risk for Weight Gain in Adolescents

    work
    Creator:
    Hoover, Lindzey V
    Description:
    This study investigated psychological, biological/neural, and environmental factors related to adverse food advertising effects on adolescent weight. Participants were asked to complete an fMRI task measuring neural response to food commercials (unhealthy, healthier) and non-food commercials. As part of the larger study, participants also completed demographic questions, self-report measures, behavioral tasks (i.e., food go/no-go task, food delay discounting task, progressive reinforcement paradigm), an ad-libitum food consumption task, and height and weight measures.
    Keyword:
    food advertising, commercials, eating, fast food, adolescents, and fMRI
    Citation to related publication:
    Gearhardt, A. N., Yokum, S., Harris, J. L., Epstein, L. H., & Lumeng, J. C. (2020). Neural response to fast food commercials in adolescents predicts intake. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 111(3), 493–502.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz305
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences

  • Co-Occurrence of Food Addiction, Obesity, Problematic Substance Use, and Parental History of Problematic Alcohol Use

    work
    Creator:
    Hoover, Lindzey V
    Description:
    This study investigated co-occurrence among food addiction (FA), problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping), parental history of problematic alcohol use, and obesity. Participants (n=357) completed self-report measures on food addiction, personal substance use, and parental history of alcohol use. Participants also completed demographic questions and self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI. Pearson zero-order correlations were conducted to identify sociodemographic covariates (socioeconomic status, age, and sex at birth). Modified Poisson regression (with robust standard error estimations) were used to estimate risk ratios among food addiction, parental history of problematic alcohol use, personal substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping), and obesity. Significance was set at p<.05. However, given multiple testing, 99% CI estimates are reported in the final manuscript instead of 95% CI estimates. Unadjusted and adjusted (for sociodemographic covariates) analyses were conducted. Risk of food addiction was higher in participants with problematic alcohol, smoking, vaping, parental history of problematic alcohol use, and (in unadjusted only) cannabis use. Risk of food addiction was only higher in participants with obesity after adjusting for covariates. Obesity was not significantly associated with problematic substance use and parental history or problematic alcohol use. Thus, food addiction, but not obesity, co-occurred with problematic substance use and a family history of problematic alcohol use. Results support the conceptualization of food addiction as an addictive disorder.
    Keyword:
    Food Addiction, Substance Use, Obesity, and Family History
    Citation to related publication:
    Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Cummings, J. R., Ferguson, S. G., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022). Co-occurrence of food addiction, obesity, problematic substance use, and parental history of problematic alcohol use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1037/adb0000870
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences

  • Childhood Trauma and Food Addiction: The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Gender Differences

    work
    Creator:
    Hoover, Lindzey V
    Description:
    This study investigated the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction. Participants (n=310) completed self-report measures of food addiction, childhood trauma experiences, emotion dysregulation, and demographic variables. Pearson zero-order correlations were conducted to identify potential covariates. Age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and education were significantly associated with study variables and were included as covariates in analyses. Moderated mediational analyses were used to investigate whether DERS (emotion regulation) mediated the association between the CTQ (childhood trauma) and YFAS2.0 (food addiction) and to explore whether gender identity (men vs women) moderated this association. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated associations between food addiction and childhood trauma. Gender moderated associations between childhood trauma and emotion dysregulation as well as childhood trauma and food addiction. Both moderating pathways were significantly stronger for men compared to women. Results suggest that emotion dysregulation may be an important mediating factor in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction, particularly for men.
    Keyword:
    childhood trauma, food addiction, emotion dysregulation, and gender differences
    Citation to related publication:
    Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Duval, E. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022). Childhood trauma and food addiction: The role of emotion regulation difficulties and gender differences. Appetite. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106137
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences