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  • Mshvidobisgora Tsikhe C001

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    On the eastern edge of the modern town of Vani, just across the Sulori river from the town’s central traffic circle, lies a hill called Mshvidobisgora, the northeastern edge of which is crowned by a Mediaeval fortress. Mshvidobisgora comprises a long chain of hills rising to an elevation of 175 masl and oriented northwest-southeast, separating the right (east) bank of the Sulori from the Phasis river. The fortress is situated at the northeast edge of the westernmost hill in this chain. The fortress forms the focal point of a modern recreational park. It is roughly square in plan, oriented north-south, east-west, and is constructed of lime mortared rubble masonry, consisting mainly of smoothed cobblestones. All four of the walls are preserved to a height of about 1 m. The wall thickness is about 0.4 m. The length of the east wall is 3.25 m, while that of the south wall is 3.40 m. It is unclear whether a break approximately 1 m wide piercing the south wall near the southeast corner was once a doorway. The hill on which the fortress stands is visible due almost directly east from the “Stepped Altar” on the Middle Terrace at the site of Vani.
    Keyword:
    Fortification and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    Hughes, R. C. 2015. The Archaeology of a Colchian Landscape: Results of the Eastern Vani Survey. Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Michigan. p. 144-145.
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Inashauri B017

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    One of the many hills within the area of Inashauri is topped by a small church and surrounding cemetery, at an elevation of 314 masl. The church has no foundation stone with a founding date, and the name of the hill is unknown. The masonry church has ashlar corner quoins and sculptured stone figural decoration of angels and crosses above its southern doorway.
    Keyword:
    Church and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    Early research at Inashauri reported a number of stray finds discovered in 1926. Graves were discovered here by chance in 1958 and 1978., Ivashchenko, M. 1941. Materialyi k izucheniiu kulyturyi kolkhov. Mski, No. 2. Tbilisi. pp. 8-10. (In Russian.), Jikia, L. 1988. Brinjaos sameurneo iaraghebi kutaisis muzeumdan. Kiemm, V. pp. 35, fig. 32. (In Georgian.), Kharabadze, S. 2007. “Wine Drinker” from Inashauri Village (Vani district). Dziebani 17-18. Tbilisi. pp. 145-50. (In Georgian with an English summary.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 27-29. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Amaghleba, Tsikhe B016

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    On the southern outskirts of the modern village of Amaghleba is a hill which rises to an elevation of 160 masl and is crowned by a Mediaeval fortress. Visible in the slope of the hill above the modern road is a substantial quantity of pottery and tiles, some at least Hellenistic. The topsoil here is quite shallow, and the bedrock, a type of conglomerate, is visible in outcroppings in numerous places. A square tower, oriented north-south east-west, occupies the highest point of the hill, just northwest of a modern cemetery. The preserved structure has a maximum height of 2.7 m at its southwest corner. The north and best preserved wall is 5.1 m long, and the west wall is 4.14 m long and is pierced by break that is not a doorway. The preserved thickness of the west wall is 0.67-0.7 m. The interior face of the walls is slightly curved. The tower is constructed of crude lime mortared masonry. The tower has a spectacular view over the Kvinsquali toward the Phasis River plain, including the area of Khumlari. Hellenistic pottery was collected from the area surrounding the tower.
    Keyword:
    Fortification and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    A survey was carried out in Amaghleba in 1962 and additionally in 1986 in an area known as Khumlari., Lordkipanidze, G. 1970. K istorii drevney Kolkhidy. Tbilisi. p. 84., and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Kveda Gora, Tsikhe B015

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    On the western edge of of the modern village of Kveda Gora is a hill rising to an elevation of 220 masl and topped by a fortress that is essentially a triangular enclosure with a tower at the east end. It is located on the high point of a southeast-northwest oriented ridge, which falls away steeply to the north, east, and southwest. The structure is built of mortared rubble and is oriented east-west on its longitudinal axis. The enclosure is approximately 20 m in length with a maximum width of about 15 m. The square tower is 5 m on each side. The heavily damaged walls are at least 1.1 m thick, and may have originally been thicker.
    Keyword:
    Fortification and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    A stray find was found in Kveda Gora in 1958. No formal archaeological work has been conducted at the site. and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. p. 11-14. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Amaghleba B012

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    A church built during the 11th century AD is located on the east side of the modern village of Amaghleba.
    Keyword:
    Church and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    A survey was carried out in Amaghleba in 1962, and additional survey in 1986 in an area of Amaghleba known as Khumlari., Lordkipanidze, G. 1970. K istorii drevney Kolkhidy. Tbilisi. p. 84., and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Amaghleba B011

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    Murman Kakamidze occupies a house on the northeast side of Amaghleba. In the yard of the house, a large Mediaeval pithos lies buried in situ. According to the house owner, the pithos has an improbable volume of 1200 l.
    Keyword:
    Settlement and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    A survey was carried out in Amaghleba in 1962, and additional survey in 1986 in an area of Amaghleba known as Khumlari., Lordkipanidze, G. 1970. K istorii drevney Kolkhidy. Tbilisi. p. 84., and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Kveda Tsikhesulori, Ketchinara B009

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    Six points of interest have been documented in the area of Ketchinara at approximately 50 masl. First is the findspot of a pithos burial dated to the 6th-4th centuries B.C., located in the backyard of one of the houses in the area, approximately 200 m north of the museum along a cobblestone road leading to Tchishura stream. Second is a landslide deposit containing Classical and Hellenistic pottery on the west (left) stream bank of the Tchishura by the village of Kveda Tsikhesulori. Third is the findspot of a pithos burial of a child dated to the Hellenistic period (4th-3rd centuries B.C.) located approximately 50 m uphill from the landslide deposit by Tchishura stream. The burial was discovered and excavated by Sulkhan Kharabadze (Kharabadze ND). Fourth is the findspot of a red-figure skyphos in the front yard of a house on the top of the hill at the end of the cobblestone road. The skyphos, which was found in 1958, is of Attic production of the Fat Boy Group and is now held in the Vani Archaeological Museum (inv. # 2:985-676). Sulkhan Kharabadze carried out excavations here three years ago and did not find a cultural layer. The elderly woman living in the house indicated that she had also found ceramics in the cornfield next to her house. Fifth is the findspot of a third pithos burial found in the woods behind the same house at the base of the hill south of the museum. The burial was found by a man who had worked in the Vani Museum as an electrician and who donated all of the artifacts to the museum. Sixth is a hoard of thirteen coins of the 11th century A.D. found approximately 50 m uphill from a house.
    Keyword:
    Classical, Hoard, Hellenistic, Settlement, Mediaeval, and Burial
    Citation to related publication:
    Survey carried out in the 1950s at Ketchinara identified pottery, burnt daub, and metal objects as well as pithos graves. Stray finds are known from the area, including coins and an Attic red-figure skyphos (found in 1985)., Khoshtaria, N. V. 1959. Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya v Vani i Vanskom rayone v 1952 g. [Archaeological studies in Vani and Vani district in 1952]. Masalebi sakartvelos da kavkasiis arkeologiisatvis [Materials for the archaeology of Georgia and the Caucasus], vol. II. Tbilisi. pp. 149-162, pls. I-XIX. (In Russian.) p. 149-150., Ghambashidze, G. 1963. Arkeologiuri dazvervebi ketchinarashi (soph. tsikhesulori, vani r.) [Archaeological Surveys in Ketchinara (the village Tsikhesulori, Vani region)]. Summaries of reports of the 25th scientific conference of Tbilisi University students. P. 21-23., Dundua, G. 1973. Sakartveloshi gavtselebuli alexandre makedonelisa da lisimakes sakhelit motchrili monetebi vanidan. [The coins known from Georgia struck by the names of Alexander the Macedonian and Lysimmachus in Vani.] Matsne [Herald] no. 1, 1973. p. 54., Dundua, G., and G. Lordkipanidze. 1977. Monetebi vanidan. [Money from Vani] Vani III. Tbilisi. p. 131., Phuturidze, R. 1983. Antikuri importi vansa dam is midamoebshi. tsikhesulori. [Classical import in Vani and its environs. Tsikhesulori] Vani VII, Tbilisi, p. 126., Lordkipanidze, G. 1970. K istorii drevney Kolkhidy. Tbilisi. Plates IV, 1; XI, 1., Dundua, G., and G. Lordkipanidze. 1983. Denezhnoe obrashchenie Tsentralnoi Kolkhidy [The circulation of coins in central Colchis]. Tbilisi. p. 52., Dundua, G. 1987. Numizmatika antichnoy Gruzii. [Numismatics of classical Georgia]. Tbilisi. p. 44., Kharabadze, S. 2005. Samarkhebi soph. kveda tsikhesuloris teritoriidan. [Graves from the Territory of Kveda Tsikhesulori] Iberia-Colchis No. 2: 30-38., and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Dikhashkho, Tsikhe on the plain B005

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    The remains of a masonry tower are located 3.5 km northeast of the modern village of Dikhashkho at 50 masl, just north of the main east-west road running south of the Phasis River. The standing remains of a small rectangular or possibly hexagonal tower are situated on a small mound just east of a dirt road running north-south, and surrounded by the level river plain, which is planted with corn. Only the eastern wall of the structure is well preserved. The overall exterior dimensions of the structure are 4.7 m (on the east side) by 6.8 m (on the south side). The maximum preserved height of the structure at the southeast corner is 1.55 m. The walls of the tower are built of limestone blocks set in hard white mortar, facing a core of mortared rubble. The facing blocks are preserved on the interior side of the east wall, but not on the exterior. The facing is approximately 0.2 m deep, making the total original thickness of the walls 1.6 m. The facing blocks are approximately 0.3 m in height, 0.5 m in length, and 0.2 m in depth; the stones of the rubble fill vary from 0.2-0.4 m in length. This structure has a sightline to nearby Isriti Tsikhe on top of the hill to the southwest (A044).
    Keyword:
    Fortification and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    A brief survey was conducted at the site by S. Kharabadze in 2008. and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.). (Archaeological Map of the Vani Land, 8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). Tsardgenilia Doqt’oris Ak’ademiuri Khariskhis Mosap’oveblad. Saqartvelos T’eqnik’uri Universit’et’i. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqt’emberi, 2008.
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Zeda Tsikhesulori, Natsikharigora B004

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    The Mediaeval citadel at Zeda Tsikhesulori occupies the north end of the top of a hill called Natsikharigora just a few degrees south of due west of Vani, 0.75 km as the crow flies from the ancient site, and at an elevation of 207 masl. The fortress consists of a triangular enclosure wall, two sections of which survive, with a square tower attached at the southeast corner. Where measured, the wall is approximately 1.2 m thick and is built of irregular and roughly squared sand- or mudstone blocks with an occasional large cobble set in coarse lime mortar. The average height of the courses is 0.2 m. The slopes of the hill on which the fortification stands fall away steeply on all sides except on the east, where there is a gently sloping cornfield littered with pottery. In the area of the cornfield, one fragment of a large Colchian pithos was found. A large Mediaeval pithos was noted in situ at the north end of the fortification. Previous excavations in this area during the 1970s identified Hellenistic pottery and tiles, as well as material from the Mediaeval period.
    Keyword:
    Hellenistic, Fortification, Mediaeval, and Settlement
    Citation to related publication:
    The area was known as an archaeological location already in the 1950s, and excavations were carried out on Natsikharigora in 1968, 1970, and 1973. Chance finds were reported in 1952 and 2001, both were pithos burial., Khoshtaria, N. V. 1959. Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya v Vani i Vanskom rayone v 1952 g. [Archaeological studies in Vani and Vani district in1952]. Masalebi sakartvelos da kavkasiis arkeologiisatvis [Materials for the archaeology of Georgia and the Caucasus], vol. II. Tbilisi. Table XIII2. (In Russian.), Mitsishvili, M. N. 1971. Arkheologicheskiye raskopki srednevekovoi kreposti Tsikhe Sulori [Archaeological excavations of the medieval fortress Tsikhe Sulori]. Tezisy dokladov, posvyashchennykh itogam polevykh arkheologicheskikh issledovanii v 1970 g. v SSSR [Abstracts of the papers devoted to the results of the field-archaeological studies in the USSR in 1970]. Tbilisi. p. 245-46. (In Russian.), Mitsishvili, M. 1973. Arkeologiuri getkhrebi Tsikhe Suloris natsikharze [Archaeological excavations on the Tsikhe Sulori Castle site]. Vanis arkeologiuri expeditsiis 25 tseli (1947-1972), sametsniero sesiis tezisebi da bibliograpia, 27-28 tebervali 1973 tseli [The 25th anniversary of the Vani archaeological expedition (1947-1972), Abstracts of the scientific session and bibliography, the 27-28th of February, 1973]. Tbilisi. pp. 21-22. (Parallel texts in Georgian and Russian.), Mitsishvili, M. 1976. Tsikhe-suloris natsikharze tsarmoebuli arkeologiuri tkhris shedegebi [Results of the archaeological excavations of the Tsikhe-Sulori castle site]. Vani II. Tbilisi. pp. 32-47. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Mitsishvili, M. 1977. 1973 tsels Tsikhesuloris natsikharis tkhris angarishi [Report on the excavation of Tsikhe Sulori castle site in 1973]. Vani II. Tbilisi. pp. 43-57, pls. 1-20. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Dundua, G., and G. Lordkipanidze. 1977. Monetebi vanidan. [Money from Vani.] Vani III. Tbilisi. p. 130., Dundua, G., and G. Lordkipanidze. 1983. Denezhnoe obrashchenie Tsentralnoi Kolkhidy [The circulation of coins in central Colchis]. Tbilisi. p. 44., Mitsishvili, M. 1983. Antikuri importi vansa dam is midamoebshi. TsikheSulori. [Classical imports from Vani and its surroundings. Tsikhe-Sulori.] Vani VII. Tbilisi. p. 126. (In Georgian.), and Kharabadze, S. 2008. “Vanis Qveqnis” Arqeologiuri Ruka (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) [Archaeological Map of the “Vani Region” (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)]. Tsardgenilia Doqtoris Akademiuri Khariskhis Mosapoveblad. Saqartvelos Teqnikuri Universiteti. Tbilisi, 0175, Saqartvelo. Seqtemberi. (In Georgian with an English summary.)  
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities

  • Vani A075

    work
    Creator:
    Vani Archaeological Survey
    Description:
    The archaeological site of Vani lies in the northern foothills of the lower Caucasus at the edge of the Phasis River plain, approximately 35 km southwest of Kutaisi and 4 km due south of the present-day course of the river. The site as excavated occupies a steep-sided hillock overlooking the left (west) bank of the Sulori River, a tributary of the Phasis. The hillock rises at its highest point to an elevation of 167 m asl, about 120 m above the plain below. As defined by its late Hellenistic fortification walls, the site occupies an area of approximately 6 ha, spread over three terraces (known as the Lower, Middle, and Upper Terraces). The site has been very extensively explored, but approximately 4 ha or two-thirds of the fortified area is still occupied by modern house plots and remains to be investigated. Vani is one of the most intensively studied archaeological sites in Colchis. Research at the site is ongoing and includes excavation and palaeoethnobotanical studies. Excavations have revealed a continuous occupation sequence extending from the 8th to the 1st centuries B.C. There is also some limited evidence for habitation in the Roman and Mediaeval periods. Especially notable are the rich and unusual graves of the Classical period (6th to 4th centuries), the monumental stone architecture of the Hellenistic period (3rd to 1st centuries), and the extensive evidence for interaction with the Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds, including not only commercial and luxury imports (Greek transport amphorae, fine bronze and silver utensils from both the Greek world and Persia), but also local production of bronze sculpture and one long Greek bronze inscription. Half a century of scientific excavation has produced a detailed model of the history of the site, and generated a rich series of hypotheses about its purpose and function in different periods. One of the more enigmatic features of Vani as currently understood is the very limited evidence for residential occupation at any time. Subjects of special interest include the regional significance of Vani in the Classical and Hellenistic periods, the nature of relations between this area and the Greek world, and the history of the region in Roman times. While it is clear that Vani was an unusually large and complex site in the 1st millennium B.C., it is less certain that it exercised the kinds of administrative control over local settlement and economic control over local commerce that have sometimes been attributed to it on the model of a Greek town. The purpose of the regional survey project begun in 2009 is to address these subjects by integrating existing knowledge about Vani and its environs into the kind of technological and conceptual framework characteristic of contemporary American survey archaeology. Of particular importance is the use of Geographic information Systems (GIS) as an organizational and analytical tool, and geophysical prospection both in the immediate environs of Vani and at regional sites. In 2009 the survey project investigated an area just outside the archaeological site of Vani to the south using two methods of geophysical prospection, electrical resistivity and magnetic survey. In 2010 excavations were carried out in one of these areas, Area B (B001).
    Keyword:
    Early Hellenistic, Iron Age, Classical, Late Hellenistic, Hoard, Settlement, Sanctuary, Roman, Burial, Fortification, and Mediaeval
    Citation to related publication:
    Archaeological remains at Vani were known as early as the 1850s, and the first report on assemblages found at the site was produced in 1880. First formal excavations began in 1896, but lasted only a few years. Stray finds of gold jewellery were reported in 1929 and 1940. A new intensive program of survey and excavation was carried intermittently from 1936 to 1946. In 1947, the Vani Archaeological Expedition was established. It was first led by Nino Khostaria (until 1963). Otar Lordkipanidze directed the activities from 1966 until 2002, and was succeeded by Darejan Kacharava after his death in 2002. Active excavations at the site concluded in 2007. Bibliography below is not exhaustive; rather, it lists major volumes on the archaeology of Vani. For a complete list of works published until 1995, see Vani IX volume (1996)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1972. Vani I. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi (1947-1969) [Vani I. Archaeological excavations (1947-1969)], vol. I. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with summaries in Russian and English.), Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1976. Vani II. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani II. Archaeological excavations], vol. II. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with a Russian summary.), Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1977. Vani III. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani III. Archaeological excavations], vol. III. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian summaries.), Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1979. Vani IV. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani IV. Archaeological excavations], vol. IV. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian and English summaries)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1981. Vani V. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani V. Archaeological excavations], vol. VI. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian and English summaries)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1981. Vani VI. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani VI. Archaeological excavations], vol. VI. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian and English summaries)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1983. Vani VII. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani VII. Archaeological excavations], vol. VII. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian summaries)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, ed. 1986. Vani VIII. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani VIII. Archaeological excavations], vol. VIII. Tbilisi. (In Georgian with Russian summaries)., Lordkipanidze, Otar, Darejan Kacharava, and Arrian Chanturia. 1996. Vani IX. Arkeologiuri gatkhrebi [Vani IX. (Archaeological excavations: Analytical bibliography: 1850-1995)]. Tbilisi. (Parallel texts in Georgian and English.), Lordkipanidze, Otar and Pierre Lévêque. Eds. 1996. Sur les traces des Argonautes. Actes du 6e symposium de Vani (Colchide) 22-29 septembre 1990, edited and translated by A. Fraysse, E. Geny and T. Khartchilava. Paris : Diffusé par les belles letters., Lordkipanidze, Otar and Pierre Lévêque. Eds.1999. La mer Noire, zone de contacts : actes du VIIe Symposium de Vani (Colchide), 26-30 IX 1994. Besançon: Presses universitaires franc-comtoises. , Lordkipanidze, Otar and Pierre Lévêque. Eds.1999. Religions du Pont-Euxin : actes du VIIIe Symposium de Vani, Colchide, 1997. Translated and edited by Arlette Fraysse et Évelyne Geny. Paris : Diffusé par Les Belles letters., Lordkipanidze, Otar. 2000. Phasis. The River and City in Colchis. Geographica Historica 15. Stuttgart: Steiner., Faudot, M., Fraysse, A. and É. Geny, eds. 2002. Pont-Euxin et commerce : la genèse de la Route de la soie : actes du IXe Symposium de Vani, Colchide, 1999. Besançon: Presses universitaires franc-comtoises., Kacharava,Darejan, Faudot, M. and E. Geny, eds. 2002. Autour de la Mer Noire: Hommage á Otar Lordkipanidze. Besançon : Presses universitaires franc-comtoises., Kacharava,Darejan, Faudot, M. and E. Geny. Eds. 2005. Pont-Euxin et Polis. Polis Hellenis et Polis Barbaron. Actes du Xe Symposium de Vani 23-26 septembre 2002: hommage à Otar Lordkipanidzé et Pierre Lévêque. Besançon: Presses universitaires Franc- Comtoises., and Kacharava, Darejan, Guram Kvirkvelia, and Jennifer Chi. 2008. Wine, Worship, and Sacrifice: the Golden Graves of Ancient Vani. Princeton: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, in association with Princeton University Press.
    Discipline:
    Social Sciences and Humanities