Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial bones. The goal of this study was to determine if delivery of recombinant tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) could prevent or diminish the severity of craniosynostosis in a C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ model of neonatal onset craniosynostosis or a BALB/c FGFR2C342Y/+ model of postnatal onset craniosynostosis. Mice were injected with a lentivirus encoding a mineral targeted form of TNAP immediately after birth. Cranial bone fusion as well as cranial bone volume, mineral content and density were assessed by micro computed tomography. Craniofacial shape was measured with calipers., Alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity levels were measured in serum. Neonatal delivery of TNAP diminished craniosynostosis severity from 94% suture obliteration in vehicle treated mice to 67% suture obliteration in treated mice, p<0.02) and the incidence of malocclusion from 82.4% to 34.7% (p<0.03), with no effect on cranial bone in C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ mice. In contrast, treatment with TNAP improved cranial bone volume (p< 0.01), density (p< 0.01) and mineral content (p< 0.01) but had no effect on craniosynostosis or malocclusion in BALB/c FGFR2C342Y/+ mice. , These results indicate that post-natal recombinant TNAP enzyme therapy diminishes craniosynostosis severity in the C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ neonatal onset mouse model of Crouzon syndrome, and that effects of exogenous TNAP are genetic background dependent., and Included in this collection is one set of images representing the C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ model of neonatal onset craniosynostosis, and one for the BALB/c FGFR2C342Y/+ model of postnatal onset craniosynostosis
A household survey was developed to capture household perceptions and behaviors around drinking water use. It consisted of several modules: key informant and household demographics, household assets and consumption, water use behaviors in the dry season, water use behaviors during the rest of the year, and water supply maintenance and repair. Intervention and safe water device surveys were also developed; the household and intervention surveys were administered via Qualtrics. and This record consists of several survey instruments, exported where appropriate from Qualtrics into PDF and .qsf.
The editorial decision process for the Journal of Geophysics Research Space Physics is assisted by over 1,000 scientists every year, providing over 3,000 reviews per year. These statistics are presented for the years 2013 through 2018, showing some fluctuations but, overall, consistency in the response of the space physics research community to requests to serve as manuscript reviewers. Over half of these reviews are submitted on time, and the average time to review actually dropped as the load increased. This is greatly appreciated and the community is to be commended and thanked for their willingness to help make this journal thrive and remain a premiere publication in the field.
Liemohn, M. W. (2020). Editorial: Multiyear analysis of JGR Space Physics reviewing statistics. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027719
Scientists often try to reproduce observations with a model, helping them explain the observations by adjusting known and controllable features within the model. They then use a large variety of metrics for assessing the ability of a model to reproduce the observations. One such metric is called the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve, a tool that assesses a model’s ability to predict events within the data. The ROC curve is made by sliding the event-definition threshold in the model output, calculating certain metrics and making a graph of the results. Here, a new model assessment tool is introduced, called the sliding threshold of observation for numeric evaluation (STONE) curve. The STONE curve is created by sliding the event definition threshold not only for the model output but also simultaneously for the data values. This is applicable when the model output is trying to reproduce the exact values of a particular data set. While the ROC curve is still a highly valuable tool for optimizing the prediction of known and pre-classified events, it is argued here that the STONE curve is better for assessing model prediction of a continuous-valued data set.
and Data and code were created using IDL, but can also be accessed with the open-source Gnu Data Language (GDL; see https://github.com/gnudatalanguage/gdl)
Liemohn, M. W., Azari, A. R., Ganushkina, N. Yu., & Rastätter, L. (2020). The STONE curve: A ROC-derived model performance assessment tool. Earth and Space Science, 7, e2020EA001106. https://doi.org/10.2019/2020EA001106
The data file contains (1) the grayscale images of the nano-tomography experiments that can be segmented into binary images and visualized to show the 3D morphology of three-phase spiral eutectics; and (2) Scanning electron micro of solidified sample.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:111984 (Handleyomys ALFAROI ALFAROI) - WholeBody. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 815 x 1310 x 1 voxel at 0.0421497172804555 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:111984 (Handleyomys ALFAROI ALFAROI) - WholeBody. Reconstructed Dataset includes 2000 TIF images (each 815 x 1310 x 1 voxel at 0.042150 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:123037 (Tscherskia TRITON) - WholeBody. Raw Dataset includes 1601 TIF images (each 715 x 1288 x 1 voxel at 0.0493711582967448 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction. and Scan of specimen ummz:mammals:123037 (Tscherskia TRITON) - WholeBody. Reconstructed Dataset includes 2000 TIF images (each 715 x 1288 x 1 voxel at 0.049371 mm resolution, derived from 1601 scan projections), xtek and vgi files for volume reconstruction.
The data is comprised of 22 directories, each housing a .hdf file of the X-ray projections recorded during solidification of Al-Si-Cu-Sr. The flat and dark projections are also included as two separate .hdf files (total file count: 24). The raw data file is in .hdf format and can be reconstructed into .tiff, e.g., by using the TomoPy toolbox in Python.
Wang, Y., Gao, J., Ren, Y., De Andrade, V., & Shahani, A. J. (2020). Formation of a Three-Phase Spiral Structure Due to Competitive Growth of a Peritectic Phase with a Metastable Eutectic. JOM, 72(8), 2965–2973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04237-x
These data, survey instruments (including informed consent) and analysis scripts come from Carol Moser's dissertation titled, Impulse Buying: Designing for Self-Control with E-commerce.
We use the term “performance summary display” (PSD) to mean a kind of visualization that relates performance levels to other types of information. In the context of healthcare organizations, PSDs are intended to be communicated to a healthcare professional, team, or organization. and Displays were identified, classified, and elements counted and coded. The performance summary display ontology provides a set of descriptions of components of displays that have been used to annotate performance feedback visualizations.
Lee, D., Panicker, V., Gross, C., Zhang, J., & Landis-Lewis, Z. (2020). What was visualized? A method for describing content of performance summary displays in feedback interventions. BMC medical research methodology, 20(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-00951-x