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- Creator:
- Hayward, Stephen L. , Lund, Paul E., Kang, Qing, Johnson-Buck, Alexander , Tewari, Muneesh, and Walter, Nils G.
- Description:
- This work contains the experimental data and associated analysis that are described in the research publication entitled "Ultra-specific and Amplification-free Quantification of Mutant DNA by Single-molecule Kinetic Fingerprinting". This work contains multiple zip files, each of which represents one of the principal experiment groups presented in the publication. Each experiment group contains movie and analysis files corresponding to various experimental conditions related to that experiment group.
- Keyword:
- Single Molecule Fluorescence, Super-Resolution Microscopy, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, T790M Mutation, Cytosine Deamination, SiMREPS, and single molecule kinetic fingerprinting
- Citation to related publication:
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b06685
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Adam Schneider and Mark Flanner
- Description:
- This dataset contains all data used to generate the figures in The Cryosphere manuscript “Measuring Snow Specific Surface Area with 1.30 and 1.55 micro-meter Bidirectional Reflectance Factors,” by Adam Schneider, Mark Flanner, and Roger De Roo. These data support the theory, calibration, and application of the Near-Infrared Emitting and Reflectance Monitoring Dome (NERD), an instrument engineered to rapidly retrieve surface snow specific surface area in the field. Note that this deposit includes a microCT scan database for natural snowfall samples collected in New Hampshire during 2015-2017, comprised of raw tiff files as well as reconstructions, binarized reconstructions, and some 3D model reconstructions. and Running python scripts generally require that the following packages are installed: NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, Pandas, and ipdb (for debugging).
- Keyword:
- Snow specific surface area, Monte Carlo, X-ray micro-computed tomography, SNICAR, Near-Infrared Emitting and Reflectance-Monitoring Dome, Bidirectional reflectance factor, Cryosphere, and 3D
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Huang, Yihe
- Description:
- Geological and geophysical observations reveal along-strike fault zone heterogeneity on major strike-slip faults, which can play a significant role in earthquake rupture propagation and termination. I present 2D dynamic rupture simulations to demonstrate rupture characteristics in such heterogeneous fault zone structure. The modeled rupture is nucleated in a damaged fault zone and propagates on a preexisting fault towards the zone of intact rocks. There is an intermediate range of nucleation lengths that only allow rupture to spontaneously propagate in the damaged fault zone but not in a homogeneous medium. I find that rupture with an intermediate nucleation length tends to stop when it reaches the zone of intact rocks, especially when the rupture propagation distance in the damaged fault zone is relatively short and when the damaged fault zone is relatively narrow or smooth in the fault-normal direction. Pronounced small-scale heterogeneity within the damaged fault zone also contributes to such early rupture termination. In asymmetric fault zones bisected by a bimaterial fault, rupture moving in the direction of slip of faster rocks tends to terminate under the same conditions as in symmetric fault zones, whereas rupture moving in the direction of slip of slower rocks can penetrate into the zone of intact rocks. Break-through rupture is allowed when a sufficiently-large asperity is located at the edge of the zone of intact rocks. The results suggest the along-strike fault zone heterogeneity can play a critical role in seismicity distribution. The data set contains multiple folders of simulation results from the SEM2DPACK that demonstrate the above findings. The folder name includes the model parameters in each simulation as explained in the README file. The Flt01_sem2d.data file in the folder documents the slip, slip rate and stresses from each simulation. The files are also explained in the manual of SEM2DPACK ( http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~ampuero/soft/users_guide_sem2dpack.pdf). Please refer to section 4.6 in the manual and use “sem2d_read_fault.m” in the POST folder of SEM2DPACK to plot the results.
- Keyword:
- Damaged fault zone, fault zone heterogeneity, earthquake rupture termination, and seismicity distribution
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Penner, Joyce E., Zhou, Cheng, Garnier, Anne, and Mitchell, David
- Description:
- This data set contains the scripts and data sets needed to create the 9 figures in the referenced publication.
- Keyword:
- Anthropogenic Aerosol indirect effects, cirrus clouds, and ice nucleation
- Citation to related publication:
- Penner, J. E., Zhou, C., Garnier, A., & Mitchell, D. L. (2018). Anthropogenic aerosol indirect effects in cirrus clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,123, 11,652–11,677. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029204
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Mirshams Shahshahani, Payam
- Description:
- Investigating minimum human reaction times is often confounded by the motivation, training, and state of arousal of the subjects. We used the reaction times of athletes competing in the shorter sprint events in the Athletics competitions in recent Olympics (2004-2016) to determine minimum human reaction times because there's little question as to their motivation, training, or state of arousal. The reaction times of sprinters however are only available on the IAAF web page for each individual heat, in each event, at each Olympic. Therefore we compiled all these data into two separate excel sheets which can be used for further analyses.
- Keyword:
- minimum reaction time, sprinter, Olympics, Athletics, sex difference, starting block, and false start
- Citation to related publication:
- Mirshams Shahshahani P, Lipps DB, Galecki AT, Ashton-Miller JA (2018) On the apparent decrease in Olympic sprinter reaction times. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0198633. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198633
- Discipline:
- Engineering, Health Sciences, Science, Other, and General Information Sources
-
- Creator:
- Nguyen, Thanh H., Wright, Mason, Wellman, Michael P., and Singh, Satinder
- Description:
- In this work , we study the problem of allocating limited security countermeasures to protect network data from cyber-attacks, for scenarios modeled by Bayesian attack graphs. We consider multi-stage interactions between a network administrator and cybercriminals, formulated as a security game. We propose parameterized heuristic strategies for the attacker and defender and provide detailed analysis of their time complexity. Our heuristics exploit the topological structure of attack graphs and employ sampling methods to overcome the computational complexity in predicting opponent actions. Due to the complexity of the game, we employ a simulation-based approach and perform empirical game analysis over an enumerated set of heuristic strategies. Finally, we conduct experiments in various game settings to evaluate the performance of our heuristics in defending networks, in a manner that is robust to uncertainty about the security environment.
- Keyword:
- Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis, Multi-stage Security Games, Attack Graph, Game Theory, and Moving Target Defense
- Discipline:
- Science and Engineering
-
- Creator:
- Bemmels, Jordan B. and Dick, Christopher W.
- Description:
- Raw SNP genotypes are provided in STRUCTURE format, with a maximum of one SNP reported per ddRAD locus. The files "caryco_SNP.str" and "caryov_SNP.str" are genotypes for Carya cordiformis and Carya ovata, respectively. The first column of each file is the individual name, the second column is the population (see original publication for information on population locations), and the remaining columns are genotypes of individual SNPs. Rows represent individuals, with the diploid genotypes contained on two lines per individual. Missing data are entered as "0" (zero). The first row is a header with a unique identifier for each SNP. and Occurrence records for each species are provided in the file "occs_carya.csv" and contain the latitude and longitude of each record.
- Keyword:
- eastern North America, glacial refugia, phylogeography, temperate trees, and single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Citation to related publication:
- Bemmels, J.B., and C.W. Dick. 2018. Genomic evidence of a widespread southern distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum for two North American hickory species. Journal of Biogeography, 45: 1739– 1750. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13358
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Welling, Daniel and Walsh, Brian
- Description:
- The goal of this simulation was to examine the spread of magnetic reconnection across the dayside magnetopause upon the arrival of a tangential discontinuity of the interplanetary magnetic field from a purely northward to southward configuration. Simple solar wind conditions were used to give us input into the system. A very high resolution grid setup was used in BATS-R-US.
- Keyword:
- space science, magnetosphere, magnetohydrodynamics, magnetopause, and magnetic reconnection
- Citation to related publication:
- Walsh, B. M., Welling, D. T.,Zou, Y., & Nishimura, Y. (2018). A maximum spreading speed for magnetopause reconnection. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 5268–5273. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078230
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ward, Jamie L ., Flanner, Mark G., Bergin, Mike, Dibb, Jack E., Polashenski, Chris M., Soja, Amber J., and Thomas, Jennie L.
- Description:
- Biomass burning produces smoke aerosols that are emitted into the atmosphere. Some smoke constituents, notably black carbon (BC), are highly effective light-absorbing aerosols (LAA). Emitted LAA can be transported to high albedo regions like the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and affect local snowmelt. In the summer, the effects of LAA in Greenland are uncertain. To explore how LAA affect GrIS snowmelt and surface energy flux in the summer, we conduct idealized global climate model simulations with perturbed aerosol amounts and properties in the GrIS snow and overlying atmosphere. The in-snow and atmospheric aerosol burdens we select range from background values measured on the GrIS to unrealistically high values. This helps us explore the linearity of snowmelt response and to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios. With LAA operating only in the atmosphere, we find no significant change in snowmelt due to the competing effects of surface dimming and tropospheric warming. Regardless of atmospheric LAA presence, in-snow BC-equivalent mixing ratios greater than ~60 ng/g produce statistically significant snowmelt increases over much of the GrIS. We find that net surface energy flux changes correspond well to snowmelt changes for all cases. The dominant component of surface energy flux change is solar energy flux, but sensible and longwave energy fluxes respond to temperature changes. Atmospheric LAA dampen the magnitude of solar radiation absorbed by in-snow LAA when both varieties are simulated. In general, the significant melt and surface energy flux changes we simulate occur with LAA quantities that have never been recorded in Greenland.
- Keyword:
- climate, Greenland Ice Sheet, black carbon, biomass burning, snowmelt, and surface energy balance
- Citation to related publication:
- Ward, J.L., et al. (2018). Modeled Response of Greenland Snowmelt to the Presence of Biomass Burning-Based Absorbing Aerosols in the Atmosphere and Snow. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 123, 6122– 6141. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027878
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Wozniak, Matthew C., Steiner, Allison L., and Solmon, Fabien
- Description:
- Pollen grains emitted from vegetation can rupture, releasing subpollen particles (SPPs) as fine atmospheric particulates. Previous laboratory research demonstrates potential for SPPs as efficient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We develop the first model of atmospheric pollen grain rupture, and implement the mechanism in regional climate model simulations over spring pollen season in the United States with a CCN-dependent moisture scheme. The source of SPPs (surface or in-atmosphere) depends on region and sometimes season, due to the distribution of relative humidity and rain. Simulated concentrations of SPPs are approximately 1-10 or 1-1,000 cm-3, depending on the number of SPPs produced per pollen grain (nspg). Lower nspg (103) produces a negligible effect on precipitation, but high nspg (106) in clean continental CCN background concentrations (100 CCN cm-3) shows SPPs suppress average seasonal precipitation by 32% and shift rates from heavy to light while increasing dry days. This effect is likely smaller for polluted air. pollen_rupture_precipitation_BASE_ensemble_daily.nc - data for BASE ensemble average pollen_rupture_precipitation_SPPHIGH_ensemble_daily.nc - data for SPPHIGH ensemble average pollen_rupture_precipitation_SPPLIT_ensemble_daily.nc - data for SPPLIT ensemble average
- Discipline:
- Science
-
Galaxy Shape Catalogs for Dark Energy Survey Science Verification (DES-SV) Data - Additional Regions
- Creator:
- Das, Rutuparna and Dark Energy Survey (DES)
- Description:
- This dataset is associated with the University of Michigan Dept. of Physics dissertation titled "Shedding Light on the Dark: Exploring the Relation Between Galaxy Cluster Mass and Temperature Through Weak Gravitational Lensing" by Rutuparna Das. It is also associated with a paper, currently in preparation, by Das et al (details to be added once paper is submitted/accepted)., This work contains information about shapes of galaxies observed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) during its Science Verification (SV) run. The official DES SV shape catalog has already been released to the public (see details in Jarvis et al. (2016), henceforth called "J16"). This work follows the methods presented in J16, and contains shapes from areas of the sky that were not processed as part of the official DES-SV catalog but were necessary for the work presented in the aforementioned dissertation. Each catalog contains information for galaxies in a 80′ × 80′ cutout centered at a given galaxy cluster., Note that these catalogs are not entirely analogous to the official DES-SV catalog. For one, we only measure shapes for galaxies, as stars and other objects were not needed for the dissertation. Our catalogs also only extend to a magnitude of 24 in r-band, whereas a small fraction of the objects in the official Im3shape catalog are dimmer (see Figure 29 of J16)., We also include other information necessary for weak lensing studies. Aside from all fields from Im3shape and noise bias calibration (listed and described in J16), these catalogs contain columns for object positions (“ra_gold”, “dec_gold”) and magnitudes in various filters (“mag_detmodel_g”, “mag_detmodel_r”, “mag_detmodel_i”, “mag_detmodel_z”) from the SVA1-Gold catalog ( https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/sva1/docs/docs-gold). Additionally, we include mean redshift measurements from two DES photo-z measurement pipelines, TPZ and DESDM Neural Network (“z_TPZ”, “z_DESDMnn”) (more details in Sanchez et al. (2014))., and References: Jarvis, M., Sheldon, E., Zuntz, J., et al. 2016, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 460, 2245. Sanchez, C., Carrasco Kind, M., Lin, H., et al. 2014, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 445, 1482.
- Keyword:
- weak lensing, galaxy clusters, galaxy shapes, cluster cosmology, Dark Energy Survey, DES, and galaxy shape catalogs
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Gliske, Stephen V and Stacey, William C
- Description:
- This data is part of a large program to translate detection and interpretation of HFOs into clinical use. A zip file is included which contains hfo detections, metadata, and Matlab scripts. The matlab scripts analyze this input data and produce figures as in the referenced paper (note: the blind source separation method is stochastic, and so the figures may not be exactly the same). A file "README.txt" provides more detail about each individual file within the zip file.
- Keyword:
- hfo, high frequency oscillation, ripple, fast ripple, blind source separation, non-negative matrix factorization, and temporal variability
- Discipline:
- Science, Engineering, and Health Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Cole, Shannon L
- Description:
- The nucleus accumbens (NAc) contains multiple subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs): one subpopulation expresses D1-type dopamine receptors, another expresses D2-type receptors, and a third expresses both. The relative roles in NAc of D1 neurons versus D2 neurons in appetitive motivation were assessed here. Specifically, we asked whether D1-Cre mice or D2-Cre mice would instrumentally seek optogenetic self-stimulation of those respective subpopulations in NAc, or instead avoid NAc laser stimulation. and Some statistical forms have been exported from SPSS for the purposes of accessibility to viewers. Please see the "readme" text for descriptions of each individual excel file.
- Keyword:
- Motivation Striatum Optogenetics
- Citation to related publication:
- Cole, S. L., Robinson, M. J. F., & Berridge, K. C. (2018). Optogenetic self-stimulation in the nucleus accumbens: D1 reward versus D2 ambivalence. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0207694. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207694
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Regoli, Leonardo H.
- Description:
- The data corresponds to outputs from the Mars Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (M-GITM), the multi-species magnetohydrodynamics (MS-MHD) and multi-fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MF-MHD) codes used during the study presented in "Multi-species and multi-fluid MHD approaches for the study of ionospheric escape at Mars" by Regoli et al. and Dataset citation: Regoli, L.H. (2018). Model outputs for "Multi-species and multi-fluid MHD approaches for the study of ionospheric escape at Mars" [Data set]. University of Michigan Deep Blue Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.7302/Z2GH9G49
- Keyword:
- GCM, MHD, and Mars
- Citation to related publication:
- Regoli, L.H., Dong, C., Ma, Y.J., Dubinin, E., Manchester, W.B., Bougher, S.W., & Welling, D.T. (2018). Multispecies and multifluid MHD approaches for the study of ionospheric escape at Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA025117
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Mason, Lacey A., Riseng, Catherine M., Layman, Andrew J., and Jensen, Robert
- Description:
- Wind exposure is a key physical driver of coastal systems in aquatic environments influencing circulation and wave dynamics. A measure of wind exposure is fetch, the distance over which wind can travel across open water. In large lake systems, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes, estimating fetch has proved to be difficult due to their vast size and complex topobathymetry. Here we describe the development of two spatially discrete indicators of exposure to provide a more accurate indicator of influence of wind exposure in the nearshore of the Laurentian Great Lakes. We summarized wind data from offshore buoys and leveraged existing tools to calculate effective fetch and relative exposure index (effective fetch scaled by mean wind speed) at a 30 m grid cell resolution. We validated these models by comparing our exposure maps to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wave Information Studies models and found general agreement. These exposure maps are available for public download for the years 2004-2014.
- Keyword:
- GLAHF, Great Lakes, waves, fetch, REI, wind exposure, and geospatial
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Azari, A. R.
- Description:
- ABSTRACT: We present a statistical study of interchange injections in Saturn's inner and middle magnetosphere focusing on the dependence of occurrence rate and properties on radial distance, partial pressure, and local time distribution. Events are evaluated from over the entirety of the Cassini mission’s equatorial orbits between 2005 and 2016. We identified interchange events from CHarge Energy Mass Spectrometer (CHEMS) H+ data using a trained and tested automated algorithm, which has been compared with manual event identification for optimization. We provide estimates of interchange based on intensity, which we use to investigate current inconsistencies in local time occurrence rates. This represents the first automated detection method of interchange, estimation of injection event intensity, and comparison between interchange injection survey results. We find the peak rates of interchange occur between 7 - 9 Saturn radii and that this range coincides with the most intense events as defined by H+ partial particle pressure. We determine that nightside occurrence dominates as compared to the dayside injection rate, supporting the hypothesis of an inversely dependent instability growth rate on local Pedersen ionospheric conductivity. Additionally, we observe a slight preference for intense events on the dawn side, supporting a triggering mechanism related to large-scale injections from downtail reconnection. Our observed local time dependence paints a dynamic picture of interchange triggering due to both the large-scale injection driven process and ionospheric conductivity. Within this repository we provide a readme file (description of data file and usage) and the event list provided as a .txt file. The event list includes start and stop times, comparison to previous surveys, and the average location of events identified. Additional formats are available on request. , Further details on this method can be found in "Interchange Injections at Saturn: Statistical Survey of Energetic H+ Sudden Flux Intensifications" by Azari et al., 2018 in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025391. , and Curation notes: The files 'events_CORRECTED.txt' and 'readme_UPDATED.rtf' were added to this record July 31 and August 7, 2018 and supersede the previous data file 'events.txt' and readme file 'readme.rtf'. The file 'events.txt' uploaded May 9, 2018 should not be used, as this file contains a duplication error where the last column, InAllSurveys, is incorrectly presented as a duplicate of the column InAnySurvey. 'readme_UPDATED.rtf' contains additional context and updated references to the new data file.
- Keyword:
- Planetary Science, Automated Event Detection, Space Physics, Magnetospheric Physics, Interchange Injections, and Saturn
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Tye, Alexander R, Wolf, Aaron S, and Niemi, Nathan A
- Description:
- Detrital zircon age distributions provide robust insights into past sedimentary systems, but these age distributions are often complex and multi-peaked, with sample sizes too small to confidently resolve population distributions. This limited sampling hinders existing quantitative methods for comparing detrital zircon age distributions, which show systematic dependence on the sizes of compared samples. The proliferation of detrital zircon studies motivates the development of more robust quantitative methods. We present the first attempt, to our knowledge, to infer probability model ensembles (PMEs) for samples of detrital zircon ages using a Bayesian method. Our method infers the parent population age distribution from which a sample is drawn, using a Monte Carlo approach to aggregate a representative set of probability models that is consistent with the constraints that the sample data provide. Using the PMEs inferred from sample data, we develop a new estimate of correspondence between detrital zircon populations called Bayesian Population Correlation (BPC). Tests of BPC on synthetic and real detrital zircon age data show that it is nearly independent from sample size bias, unlike existing correspondence metrics. Robust BPC uncertainties can be readily estimated, enhancing interpretive value. When comparing two partially overlapping zircon age populations where the shared proportion of each population is independently varied, BPC results conform almost perfectly to expected values derived analytically from probability theory. This conformity of experimental and analytical results permits direct inference of the shared proportions of two detrital zircon age populations from BPC. We provide MATLAB scripts to facilitate the procedures we describe.
- Keyword:
- provenance, statistics, zircon, Bayesian, detrital, and density estimation
- Citation to related publication:
- A.R. Tye, A.S. Wolf, N.A. Niemi, Bayesian population correlation: A probabilistic approach to inferring and comparing population distributions for detrital zircon ages, Chemical Geology, Volume 518, 2019, Pages 67-78, ISSN 0009-2541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.039
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Ozturk, Dogacan
- Description:
- The global magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (M-I-T) system is intrinsically coupled and susceptible to external drivers such as solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements. In order to understand the large-scale dynamic processes in the M-I-T system due to the compression from the solar wind, the 17 March 2015 sudden commencement was studied in detail using global numerical models. This data set is comprised of the simulation data generated from these models. and NOTE: The following changes were made to this dataset on March 28, 2018. First, two mp4 files were added. Second, the symbol representing "degree" was not rendering properly in the README file. The symbols were removed and replaced with the word "degree". Third, the metadata in the "methodology" and "description" fields were revised for content and clarity. On April 16, 2018 a citation to the corresponding article was added to the metadata record.
- Keyword:
- MHD model, BATS'R'US, and GITM
- Citation to related publication:
- Ozturk, D. S., Zou, S., Ridley, A. J., & Slavin, J. A. (2018). Modeling study of the geospace system response to the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement on 17 March 2015. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 2974–2989. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA025099
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Johnson, Jena E.
- Description:
- Note: The "Readme_Metadata" file was updated on March 15, 2018 to include a citation to the related article making use of this data and was reformatted to be presented as a pdf file rather than as a docx file. and This data set is comprised of synchrotron-based X-ray transmission and absorption spectroscopy data as well as X-ray diffraction patterns that were performed to characterize the best-preserved examples of nanoscale iron silicate mineral inclusions from 2.5 billion-year-old Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and ferruginous cherts.
- Keyword:
- Precambrian banded iron formations and nanoparticle inclusions of iron silicates in chert
- Citation to related publication:
- Johnson, J. E., Muhling, J. R., Cosmidis, J., Rasmussen, B. & Templeton, A. S. (2018). Low-Fe(III) Greenalite Was a Primary Mineral from Neoarchean Oceans. Geophysical Research Letters, 45. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076311
- Discipline:
- Science
-
- Creator:
- Flanner, Mark
- Description:
- Greenhouse gas (GHG) additions to Earth’s atmosphere initially reduce global outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), thereby warming the planet. In select environments with temperature inversions, however, increased GHG concentrations can actually increase local OLR. Negative top-of-atmosphere and effective radiative forcing (ERF) from this situation give the impression that local surface temperatures could cool in response to GHG increases. Here we consider an extreme scenario in which GHG concentrations are increased only within the warmest layers of winter near-surface inversions of the Arctic and Antarctic. We find, using a fully coupled Earth system model, that the underlying surface warms despite the GHG addition exerting negative ERF and cooling the troposphere in the vicinity of the GHG increase. This unique radiative forcing and thermal response is facilitated by the high stability of the polar winter atmosphere, which inhibits thermal mixing and amplifies the impact of surface radiative forcing on surface temperature. These findings also suggest that strategies to exploit negative ERF via injections of short-lived GHGs into inversion layers would likely be unsuccessful in cooling the planetary surface. and Note: A revised data description file was added to this work on April 11, 2018 containing additional information about the data set than was provided in the original description. Additional keywords and a full citation to the related article were added as well.
- Keyword:
- climate, greenhouse gas, polar inversion layers, radiative forcing (and/or effective radiative forcing), and MODTRAN simulation
- Discipline:
- Science