This collection will archive lexical spreadsheets, audio files, geographic information, images, and videos that complement the reference grammars in pdf and docx form in the collection “Bozo languages of Mali (documents)” that are archived in Deep Blue Documents ( https://dx.doi.org/10.7302/6632). See the “readme” for that collection and the introductory material in the reference grammars for general information about the languages and the fieldwork., The initial material archived in the present collection consists of audio files. They are recordings of narratives, interviews, and conversations. Some of them have been transcribed and are presented as appendices in the reference grammars. Others have not been transcribed; they are presented here in the hope that they can eventually be transcribed or at least listened to by native speakers. If the author is able to transcribe some of them in the future, the transcriptions will be added here (and to the Deep Blue Documents collection)., Many of the recordings, as well as most of the images and videos to be added to this collection, have been made by project assistant Minkailou Djiguiba. He has courageously traveled into Bozo-speaking zones, some of which are highly insecure, to do this work. In addition, he has been instrumental in recruiting and transporting Bozo speakers to the author’s base in Bobo Dioulasso where much of the grammatical and lexical work has been done., and The author’s fieldwork is supported by grant PD-1941828 (2020-2024) from the National Science Foundation, Documenting Endangered Languages program, which is also supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Each "work" in this collection is a set of documentary-style videos in mp4 (m4v) format. The initial (2023) set of works is as follows: "farming and plant gathering (Mali mp4)", "construction and boatbuilding (Mali mp4)", "fishing (Mali mp4)", "food and beverage preparation (Mali mp4)", metalwork and woodwork (Mali mp4)", "cultural events (Mali mp4)", "firearms and gunpowder (Mali mp4)", "pottery (Mali mp4)", and "weaving and dyeing (Mali mp4)". Funding: National Science Foundation, Documenting Endangered Languages program. The readme's for each work give further details. Additional works with new videos may be added in the future.
See also the Deep Blue Data collections "Burkina Faso documentary videos" and "Central Mali documentary videos". The latter contains Mali videos archived in 2018.
This is a collection of mostly short documentary-style videos related to linguistic fieldwork in southwestern Burkina Faso. The initial batch consists of videos produced in 2023, and others will be added. Versions of some of these videos overdubbed in native languages will also be produced for local consumption in Burkina. Most of the videos document everyday practical activities; some also feature useful native plants and insects. This collection is parallel to collections of videos from neighboring Mali: see "Central Mali documentary videos" (with documentaries produced up to 2018) and "Mali documentary videos from 2023 on" for the newer ones. A small collection from north-central Côte d'Ivoire is also in the works. Within each collection, the videos are organized into "works" based on the general type of activity documented.
Documentary videos of pressing oil from seeds of native plants. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos of blacksmiths and carpenters (see also the work "construction and boatbuilding"). Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos of food and beverage production by Bozo and Dogon people. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos showing fishing techniques chiefly of Bozo people (plus some Dogon). Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos of construction of a granary and building a large skiff (boat). Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos of farming and of foraging for useful native plants. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
Documentary videos showing food and beverage preparation in SW Burkina Faso. Credits at end of videos. Additional documentaries from Burkina may be added later.
documentary video of small-scale artisanal gold digging in SW Burkina Faso. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Burkina may be added later.
Documentary videos of metalwork (blacksmiths) and woodwork from Burkina Faso. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Burkina may be added later.
Occasional videos involving native insects of SW Burkina Faso. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Burkina may be added later. See also the "bees ..." work in this collection.
Videos featuring native plants of Burkina Faso. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Burkina may be added later. Images of native plants will be in a distinct collection.
Five-part documentary on making apiaries and collecting honey. Vigué ethnicity, Viemo language. location: near Karangasso-Vigué, southwestern Burkina Faso. credits at end of videos. Other documentaries from Burkina may be added later.
Documentation of Dogon fox-track divination, a Dogon memorial altar, and a Bozo boat race. Credits are at the end of videos. Additional documentaries from Mali may be added later.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Zygophyllaceae, including Balanites ("wild date" tree). Only Balanites and Tribulus terrestris are common in Central Mali.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Rhamnaceae. The local genus is Ziziphus (jujube), of which Z. mauritiana has the most edible fruits, but is being supplanted by the introduced and planted Z. jujuba. In the wild, Z. mucronata is the other common species. Z. abyssinica was collected on the summit of Tabi mountain near Boni, Z. spina-christi occurs in deep floodplains in the Djenné area, and Z. lotus is a Saharan species.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Solanaceae. Solanum nigrum and S. americanum belong to a tighly knit group whose taxonomy is unstable. Fruits of S. incanum and green fruits of S. nigrum/americanum are toxic. Datura spp. are narcotic. Capsicum spp. are chili peppers (and bell peppers). Solanum tuberosum is cultivated potato. Cultivated tomato is Solanum lycopersicum (or Lycopersicon esculentum). Cultivated tobacco is modern Nicotiana tabacum and the more traditional Nicotiana rustica.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Plantaginaceae (sometimes called Veronicaceae). This family was recently separated from Scrophulariaceae (sensu lato), and taxonomy of these families remains unstable. Scoparia is an important medicinal plant.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, genera T to Z. Vigna unguiculata is cultivated cowpea (the local "beans"). Vigna subterranea (ex Vouandzeia) is cultivated groundnut (resembles peanut but harder).
images of flora from nature or of specimens, family Cucurbitaceae . There are some difficulties involving determinations of wild melons with protrusions (horns), Cucumis pustulatus/metuliferus/prophetarum. Cultivated spp. are Lagenaria (gourd, calabash), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), and Cucurbita (squash/pumpkin).
images of plants in nature or specimens, family Amaranthaceae. The ex-Chenopodiaceae are listed as Amaranthaceae_Chenopodioideae. Our specimens of the cultivated amaranth (a sauce vegetable) are listed as Amaranthus_cf._dubius/hybridus.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Malphighiaceae. The family is represented in rocky areas of Central Mali by Acridocarpus monodii, which is endemic to Mali and has become rare (and threatened).
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Orobanchaceae. The local species is Striga hermonthica, a root parasite of millet and other crop plants. The family (like Plantaginaceae) was recently separated from Scrophulariaceae, but family-level taxonomy remains controversial.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Verbenaceae. This family has been sharply reduced by the transfer of many genera to Lamiaceae (Vitex, Gmelina, Clerodendrum).
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Myrtaceae. Syzygium is the local native species and is featured here. Syzygium is rare in Central Mali but was found on the summit of Gandamiya mountain near Douentza. It is common farther south. The family also includes guava, clove, and eucalyptus.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Turneraceae. Recently the family Turneraceae including Tricliceras was merged into Passifloraceae in one botanical system, but some botanists reject this. Tricliceras is a weed in villages.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Onagraceae. The local genus is Ludwigia. L. hyssopifolia and L. erecta are the two species known in Central Mali away from the main rivers (where other spp. are also found).
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of the family Meliaceae. Azadirachta (neem tree) is nonnative but is planted everywhere in Malian villages and cities. Khaya ("caïlcédrat") was formerly the boulevard tree of preference in cities in the colonial period; it is native to West Africa but occurs in the wild mainly farther south.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Nymphaeaceae (true water lilies, compare Menyanthaceae). Nymphaea lotus is the largest species and has distinctive dentate leaf margins. N. maculata and N. micrantha are smaller; N. maculata has roughly circular leaves, while N. micrantha has more oval-shaped leaves and usually a tuft of hairs on top of the leaf next to the stem axis.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Phyllanthaceae. Phyllanthus spp. and Flueggea occur wild in Central Mali. This family was formerly included in Euphorbiaceae.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Portulacaceae (purslanes). Portulaca oleracea, P. quadrifida, and P. foliosa are widespread weeds, P. grandiflora is an ornamental in courtyards. Specimens deteriorate quickly. Except when flowering, P. oleracea can be confused with Trianthema portulacastrum (Aizoaceae).
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Nyctaginaceae. The genus Boerhavia has been revised since our collecting began and it is best to consider all of these images to be "Boerhavia sp.", though mostly B. coccinea.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Moringaceae. The local species is Moringa oleracea, planted here and there in villages chiefly for the foliage which is made into a sauce.
images of flora from nature or of specimens, family Cleomaceae. This family was previously part of Capparaceae, and is now sometimes included in Brassicaceae.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of the family Zingiberaceae. In Central Mali, the relevant species are Zingiber (ginger) and melegueta pepper (Aframomum). Ginger is cultivated or imported, and melegueta pepper is imported and sold as a spice or medicine.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Malvaceae, genus Hibiscus. H. sabdariffa (roselle) is cultivated. H. esculentus (okra) is not widely cultivated in this zone. Of native species, H. micranthus can be confused with H. pseudohirtus.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Malvaceae, genera I to Z. Malvaceae (sensu lato) now includes former Bombacaceae (Adansonia, Ceiba, Bombax), Tiliaceae (Grewia, Corchorus, Triumfetta), and Sterculiaceae (Cola, Sterculia, Waltheria).
images of plants, in nature and specimens, of family Lythraceae. Lawsonia is the henna bush, planted in towns. Henna is a dark pigment used in body decorations, especially hands and feet.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Loranthaceae (mistletoe). Englerina has yellow flowers. Tapinanthus spp. have red flowers and are difficult to distinguish from each other. Tapinanthus bangwensis is the common species in Central Mali.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Limeaceae. This family has recently been separated from Molluginaceae. Only Limeum pterocarpum is widespread in Central Mali.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Lauraceae. Cassytha is a native plant. Laurus nobilis (a kind of bay leaf) is an imported dried leaf used as a spice especially in Songhay cuisine.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Lami.aceae (synonym Labiatae). Leucas and Leonotis genera overlap and may be merged. Gmelina and Vitex have been transferreed to Lamiaceae from Verbenaceae but are still listed as Verbenaceae in some websites.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Hydrocharitaceae. Included is genus Najas, which is sometimes elevated to family status (Najadaceae). Najas spp. are difficult for a nonspecialist to distinguish from each other and from Lagarosiphon. Ottelia is easily recognized.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of plants of the family Hernandiaceae. Genus Gyrocarpus, the only one present in the zone, is sometimes placed in its own family Gyrocarpaceae.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Fabaceae (legumes), subfamily Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade, former Acacia spp. (sensu lato). The acacias were split in 2011 into several genera: African acacias were assigned to Faidherbia, Senegalia, and Vachellia. Acacia (sensu stricto) was delimited to Australia (due to strong-arming from the Australian timber industry), even though the type species was Acacia (now Vachellia) nilotica. Acacia ehrenbergiana was renamed Vachellia flava, in other cases the species epithet did not change when the genus changed. Many botanists continue to use Acacia for the entire complex, others recognize Faidherbia but retain Acacia for Senegalia and Vachellia. By strict botanical rules, Acacia should be limited to "Vachellia".
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Fabaceae (legumes), subfamily Caesalpinioideae, excluding mimosoids (e.g. acacias). The genus Cassia has been divided into Cassia (sensu stricto), Chamaecrista, and Senna.
images of flora from nature or of specimens, family Burseraceae. Commiphora africana produces a gum (bdellium) known as albarkante in Mali and widely burned as incense.
images of flora from nature or of specimens, family Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). Most of the native plants of this family are Saharan, if Cleomaceae is treated as a separate family as in this collection.
images of plants, in nature or specimens, of family Bixaceae. Cochlospermum tinctorium was photographed in an ethnomedicinal garden; it has not been observed in the wild in the zone covered.