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- Creator:
- Creery, Jessica D. , Brang, David, Arndt, Jason D. , Bassard, Adrianna , Towle, Vernon L. , Tao, James X, Wu, Shasha, Rose, Sandra, Warnke, Peter C. , Issa, Naoum, and Paller, Ken A.
- Description:
- Key Points: - We provide a dataset obtained from iEEG - A total of 5 participants completed the tasks that involved an audio-visual spatial memory task with memory associated sounds played during sleep. - The data is fully preprocessed and ready for analysis in three unique frequency bands; Theta (4-8Hz), sigma (12-16Hz), and gamma (20-100Hz). We followed up by testing low gamma (20-50 Hz), mid-gamma (50-80 Hz), and high gamma (80-100 Hz) as well as a separate ripple analysis. and Research Overview: Here, we investigated overnight memory change by measuring electrical activity in and near the hippocampus. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were made in five patients from electrodes implanted to determine whether a surgical treatment could relieve their seizure disorders. One night, while each patient slept in a hospital monitoring room, we recorded electrophysiological responses to 10-20 specific sounds that were presented very quietly, to avoid arousal. Half of the sounds had been associated with objects and their precise spatial locations that patients learned before sleep. After sleep, we found systematic improvements in spatial recall, replicating prior results. We assume that when the sounds were presented during sleep, they reactivated and strengthened corresponding spatial memories. Notably, the sounds also elicited oscillatory intracranial EEG activity, including increases in theta, sigma, and gamma EEG bands. Gamma responses, in particular, were consistently associated with the degree of improvement in spatial memory exhibited after sleep. We thus conclude that this electrophysiological activity in the hippocampus and adjacent medial temporal cortex reflects sleep-based enhancement of memory storage.
- Citation to related publication:
- Creery JD, Brang D, Arndt JD, Bassard A, Towle VL, Tao JX, Wu S, Rose S, Warnke P, Issa NP, Paller KA (in press). Electrical Markers of Memory Consolidation in the Human Brain when Memories are Reactivated during Sleep. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Krupka, Erin
- Description:
- The survey data used in this project is from two larger overarching projects titled the Rice Preferences Study and the Black Student Success Study. The Rice Preferences Study began with a sample of 661 entering undergraduates matriculating in August of 2016. This was 66.7% of the entering class, randomly selected. Of that sample, 553 completed the study with an 83.7% response rate. Prior to coming to campus in fall 2016 Rice students were given a battery of incentivized preference measures including risk aversion, loss aversion, altruism, in-group favoritism, time discounting, competitiveness, and so on. Over the subsequent four years that group was tested with new and repeated measures, in two to four tests per year. As a basis for comparison, each year a smaller sample (between 112 And 148) was drawn from incoming classes and tested with the same instruments. The remaining students from the Class of 2020 who had never been tested were invited in March 2020 to complete the initial study (259 of 376 completed the study). In March 2020, as Rice University closed, the team joined together to build a COVID module for the long-term Rice panel, as well as the other members of the Class of 2020. A total of 670 participated in this wave (67.1% of the graduating class). The Black Student Success Study recruited samples from PVAMU and TAMU in 2017 and again in 2019. This study aimed at understanding the effects of stereotype threat on Black student success in two different university environments in Texas: PVAMU, a historically Black university with about 9,000 students, 65% female, and 83% Black; and TAMU, a large state university with about 70,000 students, 47% female and 3.7% Black. That study was ongoing in 2020 when COVID struck. A total of 880 subjects responded to the initial survey out of a total of 3,709 who were contacted. Black subjects were over-sampled at TAMU, and constituted 37% of the TAMU sample. Respondents completed a one-hour survey that included measures of identity, non-cognitive skills, stereotype-threat vulnerability, and controls for economic preferences (survey measures) and family background. They were paid $20 for completing the study. In March 2020 additional funding was awarded through NSF to expand and follow the Rice, TAMU and PVAMU panels, focusing on the impact of COVID-19.
- Keyword:
- Norms, Preferences, Social Identity, COVID-19
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Hemphill, Libby
- Description:
- Social media data offer a rich resource for researchers interested in public health, labor economics, politics, social behaviors, and other topics. However, scale and anonymity mean that researchers often cannot directly get permission from users to collect and analyze their social media data. This article applies the basic ethical principle of respect for persons to consider individuals’ perceptions of acceptable uses of data. We compare individuals' perceptions of acceptable uses of other types of sensitive data, such as health records and individual identifiers, with their perceptions of acceptable uses of social media data. Our survey of 1018 people shows that individuals think of their social media data as moderately sensitive and agree that it should be protected. Respondents are generally okay with researchers using their data in social research but prefer that researchers clearly articulate benefits and seek explicit consent before conducting research. We argue that researchers must ensure that their research provides social benefits worthy of individual risks and that they must address those risks throughout the research process.
- Keyword:
- social media, data ethics, and data reuse
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Hoover, Lindzey V
- Description:
- This study investigated co-occurrence among food addiction (FA), problematic substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping), parental history of problematic alcohol use, and obesity. Participants (n=357) completed self-report measures on food addiction, personal substance use, and parental history of alcohol use. Participants also completed demographic questions and self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI. Pearson zero-order correlations were conducted to identify sociodemographic covariates (socioeconomic status, age, and sex at birth). Modified Poisson regression (with robust standard error estimations) were used to estimate risk ratios among food addiction, parental history of problematic alcohol use, personal substance use (alcohol, cannabis, cigarettes, nicotine vaping), and obesity. Significance was set at p<.05. However, given multiple testing, 99% CI estimates are reported in the final manuscript instead of 95% CI estimates. Unadjusted and adjusted (for sociodemographic covariates) analyses were conducted. Risk of food addiction was higher in participants with problematic alcohol, smoking, vaping, parental history of problematic alcohol use, and (in unadjusted only) cannabis use. Risk of food addiction was only higher in participants with obesity after adjusting for covariates. Obesity was not significantly associated with problematic substance use and parental history or problematic alcohol use. Thus, food addiction, but not obesity, co-occurred with problematic substance use and a family history of problematic alcohol use. Results support the conceptualization of food addiction as an addictive disorder.
- Keyword:
- Food Addiction, Substance Use, Obesity, and Family History
- Citation to related publication:
- Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Cummings, J. R., Ferguson, S. G., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022). Co-occurrence of food addiction, obesity, problematic substance use, and parental history of problematic alcohol use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1037/adb0000870
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Hoover, Lindzey V
- Description:
- This study investigated the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction. Participants (n=310) completed self-report measures of food addiction, childhood trauma experiences, emotion dysregulation, and demographic variables. Pearson zero-order correlations were conducted to identify potential covariates. Age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and education were significantly associated with study variables and were included as covariates in analyses. Moderated mediational analyses were used to investigate whether DERS (emotion regulation) mediated the association between the CTQ (childhood trauma) and YFAS2.0 (food addiction) and to explore whether gender identity (men vs women) moderated this association. Emotion dysregulation partially mediated associations between food addiction and childhood trauma. Gender moderated associations between childhood trauma and emotion dysregulation as well as childhood trauma and food addiction. Both moderating pathways were significantly stronger for men compared to women. Results suggest that emotion dysregulation may be an important mediating factor in the association between childhood trauma and food addiction, particularly for men.
- Keyword:
- childhood trauma, food addiction, emotion dysregulation, and gender differences
- Citation to related publication:
- Hoover, L. V., Yu, H. P., Duval, E. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022). Childhood trauma and food addiction: The role of emotion regulation difficulties and gender differences. Appetite. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106137
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Thomer, Andrea K. , Starks, Joseph R. , Rayburn, Alexandria, and Lenard, Michael
- Description:
- This dataset is the results from qualitatively coding the 76 articles that represent the dataset from our literature review. We categorized papers according to their approach (case study, other research project, position paper), setting (library, museum, research lab), and publication domain (library information science, computer science, domain publication, other). We also coded for the focus of the paper, and whether motivating needs were listed as a reason for migration.
- Citation to related publication:
- Thomer, AK, Starks, JS, Rayburn, A, Lenard, M. Maintaining repositories, databases, and digital collections in memory institutions: an integrative review. Accepted at the 85th Annual Association for Information Science and Technology.
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong
- Description:
- The Lannang Corpus (LanCorp) is a sociolinguistic POS-tagged 375,000-word speech-and-text corpus of Lannang languages based on audio recordings collected in metropolitan Manila between 2016 and 2020. It hopes to furnish scholars interested in Sino-Philippine (socio)linguistics with a contemporary, multilingual corpus (i.e., Hokkien, Tagalog, English, Lánnang-uè, Mandarin) compiled using recorded oral data primarily collected from a Sino-Philippine community in metropolitan Manila by the community: the Manila Lannangs. The publicly available corpus contains manual transcriptions (time-aligned to the audio), source language and part-of-speech tags derived using a mix of manual and computational methods, and a wide range of social metadata; it is also organized and stored systematically for easy data retrieval and (socio)linguistic analysis. Although there are existing sociolinguistic corpora, they are small in scale and were not released publicly due to lack of informant consent – LanCorp readily fills the gap.
- Keyword:
- Lannang, Chinese Filipino, Filipino-Chinese, Hokkien, diaspora, mixed language, recordings, oral variety, multilingual, corpus, data, dataset, databank, LanCorp, Lannang Corpus, sociolinguistics, and ELAN
- Citation to related publication:
- [1] Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. 2021. Interactions of Sinitic languages in the Philippines: Sinicization, Filipinization, and Sino-Philippine language creation. The Palgrave handbook of Chinese language studies, ed. by Zhengdao Ye. London: Palgrave-MacMillan., [2] Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. 2021. Filipino, Chinese, neither, or both? The Lannang identity and its relationship with language. Language & Communication 77., [3] Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. 2022. “Truly a Language of Our Own” A Corpus-Based, Experimental, and Variationist Account of Lánnang-uè in Manila. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Ph.D. dissertation., [4] Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. 2022. Hybridization. Philippine English: Development, Structure, and Sociology of English in the Philippines, ed. by Ariane Macalinga Borlongan. London: Routledge., and [5] Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. in preparation. Advancing Sino-Philippine (socio)linguistics using the Lannang Corpus (LanCorp) – a multilingual, POS-tagged, and audio-textual databank.
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Benjamin Leffel
- Description:
- The three datasets provided here identify the city location of all CDM projects in China by referencing the individual Project Description Documents (via the UNFCCC) attached to each project. Through this method, all 3,764 Clean Development Mechanism projects at the city-level in China are identified out of a total of over 8,000 globally.
- Keyword:
- climate finance, carbon offset, China, urban, clean development mechanism, cities, and climate change
- Citation to related publication:
- https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vr8850s and https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.709
- Discipline:
- Government, Politics and Law, Social Sciences, International Studies, and Business
-
- Creator:
- Benjamin Leffel
- Description:
- Time series dataset of adoption by year of climate action plans by 177 U.S. cities, 2010-2019, with links to plans included. This dataset is intended for use by researchers and practitioners investigating both individual climate action plans and time series patterns of adoption at the municipal level.
- Keyword:
- climate change, climate action plan, municipal, and Urban Sustainability Research Group
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Government, Politics and Law
-
- Creator:
- Benjamin Leffel
- Description:
- Data were gathered to test three hypotheses on the impact economic growth has on environmental conditions in urban areas. The three hypotheses are: 1. Income will be associated with reductions in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2. 2. Public Administration GVA will be associated with reductions in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2. 3. Urban density will be associated with reductions in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2. More information about the research and the data can be found in: Benjamin Leffel, Nikki Tavasoli, Brantley Liddle, Kent Henderson & Sabrina Kiernan (2021) Metropolitan air pollution abatement and industrial growth: Global urban panel analysis of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2, Environmental Sociology, DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1975349.
- Keyword:
- global cities, environment, urban, air pollution, income, Urban Sustainability Research Group, and student-friendly
- Citation to related publication:
- Benjamin Leffel, Nikki Tavasoli, Brantley Liddle, Kent Henderson & Sabrina Kiernan (2021) Metropolitan air pollution abatement and industrial growth: Global urban panel analysis of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2, Environmental Sociology, DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1975349
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Mosley, Jennifer and Park, Sunggeun
- Description:
- This data set is comprised of publicly available data from three HUD websites and the 2014 National Continuum of Care (CoC) Survey questionnaire and protocol. The HUD data sets are comprised of Community Planning and Development (CPD) Awards information from 2005-2014, Demographic information on areas served by CoC sites (sub-region estimates from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey), and Housing Inventory Count (HIC) and Point-in-Time (PIT) counts per CoC from 2015-2007. The data are associated with the article "Service Providers' Influence in Collaborative Governance Networks: Effectiveness in Reducing Chronic Homelessness" conditionally accepted for publication in the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JPART).
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Vani Archaeological Survey
- Description:
- In 2009, an American-Georgian team of four archaeologists, four archaeology students, and a geophysicist carried out a four-week season of “extensive” survey of known archaeological sites, together with geophysical prospection at selected locations. In a second four-week season in 2010, with the additions of a geologist and an archaeobotanist, we continued our program of documentation of known sites and of exploratory geophysical prospection, and we also carried out limited test excavations at a number of sites. We returned for a shorter (one- to two-week) study seasons in 2011 and 2014, focusing on museum and archival research in Vani, Kutaisi, and Tbilisi., The area covered by our survey extends 15 km both east and west of Vani, and as far as 10 km south of Vani, from the Phasis River plain at approximately 50 m above sea level to the lower slopes of the lesser Caucasus, at approximately 1000 m above sea level. The purpose of the program was to visit all the previously identified archaeological sites in the region, and to integrate existing knowledge into a database of sites and a Geographical Information System. Each entry into this database is recorded as a dataset in this deposit. Entries recorded in 2009 are prefaced with the letter “A,” those recorded in 2010 are prefaced with the letter “B.” A single entry added in 2011 received the preface, “C.” In carrying out the survey, we depended heavily on the unpublished dissertation by Sulkhan Kharabadze, “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) – Archaeological Map of the Territory of Vani (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD) (Ph.D. dissertation: Georgian Technical University 2008). A map showing the locations of all the sites recorded by the survey is attached to this dataset., Our procedure for each site visit was as follows: we drove to the nearest village and searched out a local guide who could take us to the place we wished to see. We drove as far as we could to each site, then got out and walked, using GPS-equipped field computers (Trimble Geo-XM) to make a continuous record of our path. We recorded the lay of the land and any artifacts we saw en route (pottery sherds, traces of burnt daub, lithics and stone objects, architectural features in situ). We designated as points of interest any significant archaeological remains (concentrations of pottery, in situ features, notable stray finds, etc.), and every place we could identify where earlier discoveries had been made or archaeological excavations carried out. For every point of interest, we recorded the latitude, longitude, and elevation; took a series of digital photographs; and made a grab bag collection of pottery and other finds if possible. Where appropriate, we took basic measurements of architectural features (e.g., of Mediaeval towers). We also kept records of local place names, the names of our local guides, and any miscellaneous information they gave us. , Certain sites were selected for further investigation. These included Saqanchia A001, where we carried our geophysical survey and limited excavation; Shuamta, Melashvilebisgora A033, where we also carried out geophysical survey and limited excavation; Kveda Bzvani A047, where we carried out controlled collection of surface finds; and Zeda Bzvani, Meskhebisgora, A053, where we also carried out controlled collection of surface finds., The datasets recorded in this deposit include basic descriptions of each site, citations to previous publications, and links to relevant maps, photographs, and drawings. Where they exist, maps for individual datasets are labeled according to the name and number of the site, e.g., DapnariA002Map.jpg. The labels for photographs taken during the field season record their numbers in the sequence of photographs taken that season, e.g., Vani09.0047.jpg. A complete list of all photographs recorded in this way is available for download. Photographs and drawings of artifacts from individual sites made after the season are labeled with the names of the sites followed by the numbers assigned to the objects, with photographs saved as jpeg files, and drawings saved as tiff files; thus KvedaBzvani11-14.jpg is a photograph of objects 11-14 from the site of KvedaBzvani, while KvedaBzvani11-14.tif is a set of drawings of the same objects. Finally, drawings of sites where excavations were carried out are labeled with the name of the site, the number of the trench (if applicable), and the type of drawing, so that Shuamta2010.1Plan is a plan of Trench 2010.1 at Shuamta., and In addition, the collections in this deposit group datasets together according to important characteristics such as period (Bronze Age, Iron Age, etc.) or type (settlement, fortification, burial, and so on).
- Citation to related publication:
- Kharabadze, S.(2008). “Vanis Qveq’nis” Arqeologiuri Ruk’a (dzv.ts. VIII – akh.ts. III ss.) – Archaeological Map of the Territory of Vani (8th Century BC – 3rd Century AD). (Ph.D. dissertation).Georgian Technical University.
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences and Humanities
-
- Creator:
- Gosner, Linda R., Nowlin, Jessica, and Smith, Alexander J.
- Description:
- Included here are 1) a detailed description of each of the dataset’s components, 2) a database of finds from the survey, 3) databases of the faunal bone studied by specialist Damià Ramis, 4) notes and documentation made in the field, 5) excavation photographs 6) artifact photographs.
- Keyword:
- Sardinia, Mediterranean archaeology, archaeological survey, excavation, and Classical archaeology
- Citation to related publication:
- Dommelen, Peter van, Enrique Díes Cusí, Linda R. Gosner, Jeremy Hayne, Guillem Pérez-Jordà, Damià Ramis, Andrea Roppa, and Alfonso Stiglitz. 2018. “Un millennio di storie: nuove notizie preliminari sul Progetto S’Urachi (San Vero Milis, OR), 2016-2018.” Quaderni. Rivista di Archeologia 29: 141–65. https://www.quaderniarcheocaor.beniculturali.it/index.php/qua/article/view/46, Gosner, Linda R., and Alexander J. Smith. 2018. “Landscape Use and Local Settlement at the Nuraghe S’Urachi (West-Central Sardinia): Results from the First Two Seasons of Site Survey.” Fasti Online Documents & Research: Survey Series, no. 7: 1–27. www.fastionline.org/docs/FOLDER-sur-2018-7.pdf., Gosner, Linda R., Jeremy Hayne, Emanuele Madrigali, Jessica Nowlin. 2020. New Evidence for Local Continuity and Phoenician Influence in the Ceramic Assemblage from Iron Age Su Padrigheddu (West-Central Sardinia). Proceedings of the IX Congreso de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos. Myrta 5: 1649-1657. https://scholars.ttu.edu/en/publications/new-evidence-for-local-continuity-and-phoenician-influence-in-the, Madrigali, Emanuele, Linda R. Gosner, Jeremy Hayne, Jessica Nowlin, and Damià Ramis. 2019. “Tradizioni e interazioni nella quotidianità dell’età del ferro. nuove evidenze da Su Padrigheddu (San Vero Milis, OR).” Quaderni. Rivista di Archeologia 30: 107–26. https://scholars.ttu.edu/en/publications/tradizioni-e-interazioni-nella-quotidianit%C3%A0-dellet%C3%A0-del-ferro-nuo, Stiglitz, Alfonso, Enrique Díes Cusí, Damià Ramis, Andrea Roppa, and Peter van Dommelen. 2015. “Intorno al nuraghe: notizie preliminari sul Progetto S’Urachi (San Vero Milis, OR).” Quaderni. Rivista di Archeologia 26: 191–218., and Gosner, Linda R., Jessica Nowlin, and Alexander J. Smith. in preparation. Ground-truthing the Site-based Survey at S’Urachi and Su Padrigheddu (West-Central Sardinia): Results of the 2016 and 2017 Seasons.
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Quarles, Christopher L.
- Description:
- Student capital is the set of skills, traits, and resources that an individual can draw upon to be successful in school. With dropout rates around 50%, community college students often don't have enough student capital to achieve their goals. The R code in this dataset estimates the average student capital of a group of community college students using data on their total credits and academic outcomes. It also contains R code to create figures, as found in the paper "The Shape of Educational Inequality" by Quarles, Budak & Resnick.
- Keyword:
- education, community college, and maximum likelihood estimation
- Citation to related publication:
- Quarles, C. L., Budak, C., Resnick, P. (2020). The shape of educational inequality. Science Advances. 6(29). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5954
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Schöpke-Gonzalez, Angela M., Thomer, Andrea K., and Conway, Paul
- Description:
- This interview protocol was designed to investigate the research question: How do self-identified refugees in the receiving societies of Greece and Germany engage with information spaces to navigate identity during liminal and post-liminal portions of their refugee experiences?
- Keyword:
- information space, identity, liminality, and migration
- Citation to related publication:
- Schöpke-Gonzalez, A., Thomer, A., & Conway, P. (2020). Identity Navigation During Refugee Experiences: The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI), 4(2), 36–67. https://doi.org/10.33137/ijidi.v4i2.33151
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Moser, Carol, Schoenebeck, Sarita , and Resnick, Paul
- Description:
- These data, survey instruments (including informed consent) and analysis scripts come from Carol Moser's dissertation titled, Impulse Buying: Designing for Self-Control with E-commerce.
- Keyword:
- Impulse Buying, Self-control, and Experimental Design
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Horsley, Timothy J. and Sampson, Christina P.
- Description:
- The data (raw data, composite files [processed], and some images) can be read by the program TerraSurveyor. Version 3.0.34.10 of the software was used to create the composite files in this deposit. and The magnetometer data was the second step in a geophysical survey program that began with magnetic susceptibility survey of a portion of the Weedon Island Preserve in St. Petersburg, Florida. Geophysical survey was used to map human occupation of the study area and to guide subsequent archaeological excavations.
- Keyword:
- magnetometry, geophysical survey, remote sensing, Florida archaeology, and coastal archaeology
- Citation to related publication:
- Sampson, C. P. (2019) Safety Harbor at the Weeden Island Site: Late Pre-Columbian Craft, Community, and Complexity on Florida's Gulf Coast. PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan. and Sampson, Christina Perry and Timothy J. Horsley. Using Multi-Staged Magnetic Survey and Excavation to Assess Community Settlement Organization: A Case Study from the Central Peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida. Advances in Archaeological Practice. Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.45
- Discipline:
- Science and Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Budak, Ceren, Goel, Sharad, and Rao, Justin M
- Description:
- Our primary analysis is based on articles published in 2013 by the top thirteen US news outlets and two popular political blogs. To compile the set of articles published by these outlets, we first examined the complete web-browsing records for US-located users who installed the Bing Toolbar, an optional add-on application for the Internet Explorer web browser. For each of the fifteen news sites, we recorded all unique URLs that were visited by at least ten toolbar users, and we then crawled the news sites to obtain the full article title and text. This process resulted in a corpus of 803,146 articles published on the fifteen news sites over the course of a year, with each article annotated with its relative popularity. , Next, we built two binary classifiers using large-scale logistic regression. The first classifier—which we refer to as the news classifier —identifies “news” articles (i.e., articles that would typically appear in the front section of a traditional newspaper). The second classifier—the politics classifier —identifies political news from the subset of articles identified as news by the first classifier. 340,191 (42 percent) were classified as news. On the set of 340,191 news articles, 114,814 (34 percent) were classified as political. , Having identified approximately 115,000 political news articles, we next seek to categorize the articles by topic (e.g., gay rights, healthcare, etc.), and to quantify the political slant of the article. To do so, we turn to human judges recruited via Mechanical Turk to analyze the articles. For every day in 2013, we randomly selected two political articles, when available, from each of the 15 outlets we study, with sampling weights equal to the number of times the article was visited by our panel of toolbar users., Amazon Mechanical Turk Labeling task: To detect and control for possible preconceptions of an outlet’s ideological slant, workers, upon first entering the experiment, were randomly assigned to either a blinded or unblinded condition. In the blinded condition, workers were presented with only the article’s title and text, whereas in the unblinded condition, they were additionally shown the name of the outlet in which the article was published. Each article was then analyzed by two workers, one each from the sets of workers in the two conditions. For each article, each worker completed the following three tasks. First, they provided primary and secondary article classifications from a list of fifteen topics: (1) civil rights; (2) Democrat scandals; (3) drugs; (4) economy; (5) education; (6) elections; (7) environment; (8) gay rights; (9) gun-related crimes; (10) gun rights/regulation; (11) healthcare; (12) international news; (13) national security; (14) Republican scandals; and (15) other. , and Second, workers determined whether the article was descriptive news or opinion. Third, to measure ideological slant, workers were asked, “Is the article generally positive, neutral, or negative toward members of the Democratic Party?” and separately, “Is the article generally positive, neutral, or negative toward members of the Republican Party?” Choices for these last two questions were provided on a five-point scale: very positive, somewhat positive, neutral, somewhat negative, and very negative. To mitigate question-ordering effects, workers were initially randomly assigned to being asked either the Democratic or Republican party question first; the question order remained the same for any subsequent articles the worker rated. Finally, we assigned each article a partisanship score between –1 and 1, where a negative rating indicates that the article is net left-leaning and a positive rating indicates that it is net right-leaning. Specifically, for an article’s depiction of the Democratic Party, the five-point scale from very positive to very negative is encoded as –1, –0.5, 0, 0.5, 1. Analogously, for an article’s depiction of the Republican Party, the scale is encoded as 1, 0.5, 0, –.0.5, –1. The score for each article is defined as the average over these two ratings. Thus, an average score of –1, for example, indicates that the article is very positive toward Democrats and very negative toward Republicans. The result of this procedure is a large, representative sample of political news articles, with direct human judgments on partisanship and article topic.
- Keyword:
- news media, media bias, crowdsourcing, and machine learning
- Citation to related publication:
- https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-abstract/80/S1/250/2223443/?redirectedFrom=fulltext and Ceren Budak, Sharad Goel, Justin M. Rao, Fair and Balanced? Quantifying Media Bias through Crowdsourced Content Analysis, Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 80, Issue S1, 2016, Pages 250–271, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw007
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Gainsburg, Izzy and Earl, Allison
- Description:
- This research explores trigger warnings as an interpersonal emotion-regulation strategy, introducing a temporal dimension to interpersonal emotion-regulation by regulating others' future, anticipated emotions. Across studies, believing that trigger warnings are protective (versus coddling) increased their effect on anticipated negative affect, but weakened their effect on experienced negative affect. Study 1 demonstrated that anticipated anxiety for warned-of content predicts intentions to avoid information. Furthermore, beliefs about trigger warnings as protective (versus coddling) best predicted anticipated anxiety for warned-of content and subsequent intentions to avoid. In Study 2, participants had higher anticipated negative affect for videos with trigger warnings, compared to those without, and this mediated increased avoidance for warned-of videos. In Study 3, trigger warnings preceding essays increased anticipated negative affect and attentional-regulation strategies, but reduced experiences of negative affect. For more information, please see the article Gainsburg, I., & Earl, A. (2018). Trigger warnings as an interpersonal emotion-regulation tool: Avoidance, attention, and affect depend on beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.006
- Citation to related publication:
- Gainsburg, I., & Earl, A. (2018). Trigger warnings as an interpersonal emotion-regulation tool: Avoidance, attention, and affect depend on beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.006
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences
-
- Creator:
- Yan, Haoyang MI and Yates, J Frank
- Description:
- The research aims to demonstrate judgment accuracy about other individuals' socio-political opinions produced by prototype matching and base/shift heuristics or people's own strategies (control).
- Keyword:
- judgment accuracy and socio-political opinions
- Discipline:
- Social Sciences